Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).
Gen. Singa C. L. Koch, 1836 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01559

Transferred to other genera:

Singa abbreviata Keyserling, 1879 -- see Bertrana

Singa aenea Kroneberg, 1875 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa affinis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa albovittata Westring, 1851 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa atra Kulczyński, 1885 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa attica Simon, 1884 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa aussereri Thorell, 1873 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa bengryi Archer, 1958 -- see Metepeira

Singa calix (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Metazygia

Singa crewi Banks, 1903 -- see Metazygia

Singa cubana Banks, 1909 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa dotana Banks, 1914 -- see Exalbidion

Singa duodecimguttata Keyserling, 1879 -- see Spilasma

Singa erythrothorax Taczanowski, 1873 -- see Alpaida

Singa essequibensis (Hingston, 1932) -- see Eustala

Singa flava O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 -- see Araneus

Singa floridana Banks, 1896 -- see Araneus

Singa gracilenta (Roewer, 1942) -- see Argiope

Singa groenlandica (Simon, 1889) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa hentzi Banks, 1907 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa heri (Hahn, 1831) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa leucogramma (White, 1841) -- see Alpaida

Singa linyphiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa longicauda Taczanowski, 1878 -- see Cyclosa

Singa marmorata Taczanowski, 1873 -- see Alpaida

Singa maura (Hentz, 1847) -- see Metazygia

Singa melania Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa modesta Banks, 1896 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa mollybyrnae McCook, 1894 -- see Metazygia

Singa nigripes Keyserling, 1884 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa nigrofasciata L. Koch, 1881 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa niveosigillata Mello-Leitão, 1941 -- see Alpaida

Singa orotes Archer, 1951 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa phragmiteti Nemenz, 1956 -- see Larinia

Singa pratensis Emerton, 1884 -- see Araneus

Singa pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa quadripunctata Kishida, 1931 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa rubens (Hentz, 1847) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa rufula Simon, 1874 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa sanguinea C. L. Koch, 1844 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa scabristernis Kulczyński, 1887 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa singaeformis (Scheffer, 1904) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa theridiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Hypsosinga

Singa trapezoides (Karsch, 1879) -- see Eriophora

Singa truncata Banks, 1901 -- see Hypsosinga

Singa vanbruyseli Becker, 1879 -- see Cyclosa

Singa variabilis Emerton, 1884 -- see Hypsosinga

In synonymy:

Singa campestris Emerton, 1915 = Singa keyserlingi McCook, 1894 (Levi, 1972a: 232)

Singa decora (Simon, 1891) = Singa neta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Levy, 1984: 124)

Singa hamata (Olivier, 1789) = Singa hamata Clerck, 1757 (, Clerckian names validated by ICZN, 1959 (Direction 104))

Singa pollocki (Denis, 1956, T from Lithyphantes = Steatoda) = Singa neta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Levy, 1984: 124)

Singa septemguttata (Simon, 1873, T from Steatoda) = Singa neta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Levy, 1984: 124)

Nomina dubia:

Singa hamata melanocephala C. L. Koch, 1836a: 44, f. 199 (m, Italy) -- Breitling et al., 2016b: 72

Singa moesta Banks, 1898b: 256, pl. 15, f. 3 (f, Mexico) -- Levi, 1972a: 231

Singa tremens Holmberg, 1876: 16 (f, Argentina) -- Levi, 1972a: 231

Singa vittata Taczanowski, 1873: 128 (f, French Guiana) -- Levi, 1972a: 231

Singa albobivittata Caporiacco, 1947 | | Tanzania urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017035
Singa albobivittata Caporiacco, 1947c: 164, f. 24 (Df) Original description
Singa albodorsata Kauri, 1950 | | South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017036
Singa albodorsata Kauri, 1950: 74, f. 8a-c (Df) Original description
Singa albodorsata Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 49, p. 48: 3 f., p. 49: 5 f. (f)
Singa alpigena Yin, Wang & Li, 1983 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017037
Singa alpigena Yin, Wang & Li, 1983: 374, f. 1-7, 9 (Dmf) Original description
Singa alpigena Song, 1987: 175, f. 135 (mf)
Singa alpigena Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1717, f. 20a-c (f)
Singa alpigena Yin et al., 1997d: 390, f. 282a-h (mf)
Singa alpigena Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183E-F, K-L, 185J (mf)
Singa alpigena Zhu et al., 2005: 517, f. 6A-F (mf)
Singa alpigena Yin et al., 2012: 759, f. 379a-h (mf)
Singa alpigenoides Song & Zhu, 1992 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017038
Singa alpigenoides Song & Zhu, 1992c: 171, f. 8A-B (Dm) Original description
Singa alpigenoides Song & Li, 1997: 415, f. 20A-B (m)
Singa alpigenoides Yin et al., 1997d: 391, f. 283a-d (m)
Singa alpigenoides Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183M-N (m)
Singa alpigenoides Zhu et al., 2005: 518, f. 7A-E (m, Df)
Singa ammophila Levy, 2007 | | Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041054
Singa ammophila Levy, 2007: 27, f. 67-69 (Df) Original description
Singa bifasciata Schenkel, 1936 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017040
Singa bifasciata Schenkel, 1936b: 118, f. 41 (Df) Original description
Singa chota Tikader, 1970 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017041
Singa chota Tikader, 1970: 35, f. 22a-b (Df) Original description
Singa chota Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 43, f. 70-71 (f)
Singa concinna Karsch, 1884 | j | São Tomé and Príncipe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017042
Singa concinna Karsch, 1884a: 66 (Dj) Original description
Singa cruciformis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017043
Singa cruciformis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 109, f. 27-31 (Dmf) Original description
Singa cruciformis Yin et al., 1997d: 392, f. 284a-e (mf)
Singa cruciformis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183G-H, O-P, 185K (mf)
Singa cyanea (Worley, 1928) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017044
Lithyphantes cyaneus Worley, 1928: 621, f. 5-6 (Df) Original description
Singa cyanea Levi, 1957b: 376 (Tf from Lithyphantes=Steatoda)
Singa eugeni Levi, 1972 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017045
Singa rubella Keyserling, 1893: 284, pl. 14, f. 209 (f, misidentified)
Singa eugeni Levi, 1972a: 236, f. 25-34 (Dmf) Original description
Singa eugeni Levi, 2002: 549, f. 201-202 (m)
Singa eugeni Dondale et al., 2003: 277, f. 641-648 (mf)
Singa haddooensis Tikader, 1977 | | India (Andaman Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017046
Singa haddooensis Tikader, 1977a: 183, f. 13A-B (Df) Original description
Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757) | | Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Caucasus to Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017047
Araneus hamatus Clerck, 1757: 51, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df) Original description
Aranea hamata Olivier, 1789: 210, [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057961]
Araneus hamatus Martyn, 1793: 23, pl. 3, f. 6 (f)
Aranea tubulosa Walckenaer, 1802: 200 (D)
Epeira tubulosa Walckenaer, 1805: 62
Singa hamata C. L. Koch, 1836a: 42, f. 197-198 (f, Dm)
Epeira tubulosa Walckenaer, 1841: 86 (Dmf)
Singa serrulata C. L. Koch, 1844: 153 (D)
Zilla hamata Thorell, 1856: 107
Epeira tubulosa Blackwall, 1864a: 364, pl. 28, f. 262 (mf)
Singa hamata Menge, 1866: 82, pl. 13, f. 22 (mf)
Singa hamata Hansen, 1882: 22, pl. 1, f. 38 (mf)
Singa hamata Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 134, pl. 5, f. 24 (mf)
Singa hamata Becker, 1896: (2): 43, pl. 9, f. 4 (mf)
Singa hamata Bösenberg, 1901: 49, pl. 3, f. 41 (mf)
Araneus hamatus Lessert, 1910b: 333
Araneus hamatus Simon, 1929: 701, 765, f. 1093 (mf)
Singa hamata Wiehle, 1931: 42, f. 54-57 (mf)
Aranea hamata Reimoser, 1932: 12, f. 3 (mf)
Singa hamata Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 10 (mf)
Singa hamata Locket & Millidge, 1953: 157, f. 102B, 103C, 105C (mf)
Singa hamata Yaginuma, 1960: 59, f. 57 (f)
Singa hamata Zamaraev, 1964: 353, f. 21, 23-25 (mf)
Singa hamata Yaginuma, 1965b: 363, f. 3.1 (f)
Singa hamata Azheganova, 1968: 90, f. 179-180, 194 (mf)
Singa hamata Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 3-5 (mf)
Singa hamata Yaginuma, 1971: 59, f. 57 (f)
Singa hamata Tystshenko, 1971: 193, f. 559, 562 (mf)
Singa hamata Loksa, 1972: 99, f. 90, 91C-E (mf)
Singa hamata Levi, 1972a: 232, f. 1-8 (mf)
Singa hamata Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 18-19, 22-23 (mf)
Singa hamata Palmgren, 1974a: 8, f. 3a-c (mf)
Singa hamata Yin, 1978: 7, f. 17A-C (f)
Singa hamata Paik & Namkung, 1979: 47, f. 30.1-2 (mf)
Singa hamata Song, 1980: 109, f. 54a-c (f)
Singa hamata Yin, Wang & Li, 1983: 376, f. 8, 10 (m)
Singa hamata Levy, 1984: 122, f. 9-10 (f)
Singa hamata Hu, 1984: 129, f. 130.1-3 (mf)
Singa hamata Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 99a (mf)
Singa hamata Guo, 1985: 71, f. 2-24.1-3 (mf)
Singa hamata Zhu & Shi, 1985: 86, f. 75a-e (mf)
Singa hamata Yaginuma, 1986a: 107, f. 57.1 (f)
Singa hamata Song, 1987: 176, f. 136 (mf)
Singa hamata Zhang, 1987: 88, f. 72.1-5 (mf)
Singa hamata Hu & Wu, 1989: 107, f. 82.1-3 (mf)
Singa hamata Chikuni, 1989b: 76, f. 41 (mf)
Singa hamata Feng, 1990: 98, f. 73.1-3 (mf)
Singa hamata Chen & Gao, 1990: 71, f. 89a-b (mf)
Singa hamata Chen & Zhang, 1991: 108, f. 101.1-3 (mf)
Singa hamata Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 90, f. 201 (mf)
Singa hamata Zhao, 1993: 259, f. 121a-c (mf)
Singa hamata Roberts, 1995: 332, f. (mf)
Singa hamata Zhao, 1995: 975, f. 460a-c (mf)
Singa hamata Mcheidze, 1997: 259, f. 577-579 (mf)
Singa hamata Yin et al., 1997d: 393, f. 285a-f (mf)
Singa hamata Roberts, 1998: 345, f. (mf)
Singa hamata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183I-J, 184A-B (mf)
Singa hamata Hu, 2001: 473, f. 313.1-3 (mf)
Singa hamata Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 224, f. 137A-D (mf)
Singa hamata Namkung, 2002: 284, f. 19.45a-b (mf)
Singa hamata Kim & Kim, 2002: 224, f. 68, 153-154, 287 (mf)
Singa hamata Namkung, 2003: 286, f. 19.45a-b (mf)
Singa hamata Almquist, 2005: 176, f. 181a-h (mf)
Singa hamata Tanikawa, 2007c: 54, f. 80, 479-480 (mf)
Singa hamata Crespo, 2008: 403, f. 1A-B (mf)
Singa hamata Tanikawa, 2009: 431, f. 63-64 (mf)
Singa hamata Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 247, f. 178A-D (mf)
Singa hamata Yin et al., 2012: 760, f. 380a-f (mf)
Singa hamata Kim & Lee, 2012b: 108, f. 80A-C, pl. 23 (mf)
Singa hilira Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017049
Singa hilira Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 610, f. 382a-g (Df) Original description
Singa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 | j | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017050
Singa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936b: 116 (Dj) Original description
Singa keyserlingi McCook, 1894 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017051
Singa keyserlingi McCook, 1894: 230, pl. 19, f. 2 (Df) Original description
Singa campestris Emerton, 1915b: 153, pl. 3, f. 3 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057959]
Singa keyserlingi Levi, 1972a: 232, f. 9-24 (mf, removed from S of Singa pratensis per Roewer, S of Singa campestris)
Singa keyserlingi Levi, 2002: 541, f. 100-101 (f)
Singa keyserlingi Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 49, f. 344-346 (mf)
Singa keyserlingi Dondale et al., 2003: 275, f. 632-640 (mf)
Singa lawrencei (Lessert, 1930) | | DR Congo, Uganda, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017052
Araneus (S.) lawrencei Lessert, 1930: 658, f. 30 (Df) Original description
Singa lawrencei Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 50, 3 f. (f)
Singa leucoplagiata (Simon, 1899) | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017053
Araneus (S.) leucoplagiatus Simon, 1899a: 90 (Df) Original description
Singa lucina (Audouin, 1826) | | Mediterranean to Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017054
Epeira lucina Audouin, 1826: 345, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df) Original description
Singa lucina Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 134, pl. 5, f. 23 (f)
Araneus lucina Simon, 1929: 701, 766, f. 1095, 1097 (f, Dm)
Singa lucina Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 12 (f)
Singa lucina Loksa, 1972: 98, f. 91A-B (f)
Singa lucina Levy, 1984: 122, f. 1-8 (f)
Singa lucina Levy, 1991: 231, f. 13-17 (m)
Singa lucina Morano, 2023: 101, f. 107-109 (mf)
Singa lucina eburnea (Simon, 1929) | | Algeria, Tunisia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017055
Araneus lucina eburnea Simon, 1929: 701 (Dmf) Original description
Singa myrrhea (Simon, 1895) | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017056
Araneus myrrheus Simon, 1895a: 824 (Df) Original description
Singa myrrhea Roewer, 1942a: 876
Singa neta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | | Mediterranean, Iraq, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017057
Epeira neta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 298 (Dmf) Original description
Lithyphantes septem-guttatus Simon, 1873a: 84 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057963]
Cercidia decora Simon, 1891b: 198 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057960]
Araneus decorus Simon, 1929: 701, 705, 766 (Dm)
Lithyphantes pollocki Denis, 1956b: 277, f. 2-4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057962]
Steatoda pollocki Brignoli, 1983c: 412
Singa neta Levy, 1984: 124, f. 26-41 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Singa decora and of Steatoda pollocki and S. septemguttata)
Hypsosinga decora Morano & Ferrández, 1986: 174, f. 5-8 (f)
Singa neta Zamani et al., 2021b: 281, f. 1A-C (m)
Singa neta Morano, 2023: 102, f. 110-111 (f)
Singa nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844 | | Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Caucasus to Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017058
Epeira tubulosa Hahn, 1831a: 10, f. 6 (mf, misidentified)
Singa nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844: 149, f. 946-947 (mf) Original description
Singa nitidula Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 134, pl. 5, f. 25 (mf)
Singa nitidula Becker, 1896: (2): 45, f. 5-5c (mf)
Singa nitidula Bösenberg, 1901: 50, pl. 3, f. 42 (mf)
Araneus nitidulus Lessert, 1910b: 334
Araneus nitidulus Fedotov, 1912a: 88, f. 33 (f)
Araneus nitidulus Simon, 1929: 702, 765, f. 1094, 1098 (mf)
Singa nitidula Wiehle, 1931: 44, f. 58-61 (mf)
Singa nitidula Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 11 (mf)
Singa nitidula Tullgren, 1952: 162, f. 7a-c (mf)
Singa nitidula Beer, 1964: 529, f. 11 (f)
Singa nitidula Zamaraev, 1964: 353, f. 26-27 (f)
Singa nitidula Azheganova, 1968: 90, f. 181, 195 (mf)
Singa nitidula Tystshenko, 1971: 193, f. 560, 563 (mf)
Singa nitidula Loksa, 1972: 99, f. 91F-H (mf)
Singa nitidula Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 20-21, 25 (mf)
Singa nitidula Palmgren, 1974a: 10, f. 3d-g (mf)
Singa nitidula Levy, 1984: 122, f. 11-12 (f)
Singa nitidula Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 90, f. 202 (mf)
Singa nitidula Thaler, 1991b: 54, f. 36-41 (mf)
Singa nitidula Roberts, 1995: 333, f. (mf)
Singa nitidula Mcheidze, 1997: 259, f. 575-576 (mf)
Singa nitidula Roberts, 1998: 345, f. (mf)
Singa nitidula Aakra, 2005: 34, f. 11 (m)
Singa nitidula Almquist, 2005: 177, f. 182a-e (mf)
Singa perpolita (Thorell, 1893) | | Singapore urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017059
Epeira perpolita Thorell, 1893: 237 (Df) Original description
Epeira perpolita Workman, 1896: 46, pl. 46 (f)
Singa perpolita Roewer, 1942a: 876
Singa semiatra L. Koch, 1867 | | Mediterranean, Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Georgia, Iraq, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017062
Singa semiatra L. Koch, 1867c: 860 (Dm) Original description
Singa semiatra Simon, 1929: 700, 766, f. 1096 (f, Dm)
Singa semiatra Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 12 (f)
Singa semiatra Levy, 1984: 124, f. 13-25 (mf)
Singa semiatra Izmailova, 1989: 64, f. 45 (f)
Singa semiatra Marusik, 2009h: 14, f. 4, 10 (f)
Singa semiatra Ponomarev et al., 2021: 356, f. 14-15 (f)
Singa semiatra Seropian, Otto & Bulbulashvili, 2023: 157, f. 39-42, Suppl.: 1 f. (f)
Singa simoniana Costa, 1885 | | Italy (Sardinia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017063
Singa simoniana Costa, 1885: 255 (Df) Original description
Singa theodori (Thorell, 1894) | | Indonesia (Java) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017064
Epeira (S.) theodori Thorell, 1894: 46 (Df) Original description

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