Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Epeirella Mello-Leitão, 1941 = Eriophora Simon, 1864 (Levi, 2002: 562)

Gen. Eriophora Simon, 1864 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01476
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Epeirella Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 149 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:1474] (type E. tucumana Mello-Leitão, 1941) by Levi, 2002: 562; see note under Pararaneus.

Transferred to other genera:

Eriophora aeronavis Mello-Leitão, 1947 -- see Parawixia

Eriophora albocincta (Mello-Leitão, 1945) -- see Alpaida

Eriophora annulata (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Backobourkia

Eriophora astridae (Strand, 1917) -- see Plebs

Eriophora atriapiata (Urquhart, 1891) -- see Socca

Eriophora aurea (Saito, 1934) -- see Plebs

Eriophora baotianmanensis (Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991) -- see Plebs

Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Hortophora

Eriophora bistriata (Rengger, 1836) -- see Parawixia

Eriophora blattea (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca

Eriophora brouni (Urquhart, 1885) -- see Backobourkia

Eriophora burmeisteri (Holmberg, 1876) -- see Parawixia

Eriophora capitalis (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Hortophora

Eriophora collina (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Backobourkia

Eriophora corrugatum (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca

Eriophora decorosa (Urquhart, 1894) -- see Acroaspis

Eriophora flava Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs

Eriophora flavicoma (Simon, 1880) -- see Hortophora

Eriophora flavomaculata (Yaginuma, 1955) -- see Plebs

Eriophora helveoguttata (Urquhart, 1888) -- see Socca

Eriophora heroine (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Backobourkia

Eriophora himalayaensis (Tikader, 1975) -- see Plebs

Eriophora leucisca (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Socca

Eriophora migra Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs

Eriophora mulleola (Urquhart, 1888) -- see Socca

Eriophora oblitera (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca

Eriophora oculosa Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs

Eriophora omnicolor (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Araneus

Eriophora ostribrunnea (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Socca

Eriophora pinea (Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990) -- see Plebs

Eriophora plumiopedella (Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987) -- see Plebs

Eriophora pocillator (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca

Eriophora poecila (Zhu & Wang, 1994) -- see Plebs

Eriophora producta (L. Koch, 1867) -- see Hortophora

Eriophora pustulosa (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Socca

Eriophora sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) -- see Plebs

Eriophora shaanxiensis Zhu & Wang, 1994 -- see Plebs

Eriophora simulata (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Socca

Eriophora thyridota (Thorell, 1870) -- see Backobourkia

Eriophora tokachiana (Saito, 1934) -- see Plebs

Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Hortophora

Eriophora tricentra Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs

Eriophora tubulofaciens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Micrepeira

Eriophora ventricosella (Roewer, 1942) -- see Backobourkia

Eriophora verrucosa (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Socca

Eriophora viridis (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Hortophora

Eriophora wagenknechti Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see Molinaranea

Eriophora wangi Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs

Eriophora yanbaruensis Tanikawa, 2000 -- see Plebs

In synonymy:

Eriophora acacesiiformis (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Araneus) = Eriophora nephiloides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1991a: 177)

Eriophora argyronota (Mello-Leitão, 1939, T from Araneus) = Eriophora edax Blackwall, 1863 (Levi, 1991a: 177)

Eriophora balaustina (McCook, 1888, removed from S of E. circulata) = Eriophora ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844 (Levi, 1971b: 287)

Eriophora edax cauca (Strand, 1915) = Eriophora edax Blackwall, 1863 (Levi, 1971b: 296)

Eriophora geayi (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Araneus) = Eriophora edax Blackwall, 1863 (Levi, 1991a: 178)

Eriophora hispida (C. L. Koch, 1844, T from Araneus) = Eriophora fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838 (Levi, 1971b: 290)

Eriophora lineata (Franganillo, 1931, T from Araneus) = Eriophora ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844 (Alayón & Sherwood, 2022: 610)

Eriophora messalina (van Hasselt, 1888, T from Araneus) = Eriophora fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838 (Levi, 1971b: 290)

Eriophora minax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) = Eriophora ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844 (Levi, 1971b: 287)

Eriophora musiva (van Hasselt, 1888, T from Araneus) = Eriophora nephiloides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1991a: 179)

Eriophora nicaraguensis (Keyserling, 1885) = Eriophora ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844 (Levi, 1971b: 287)

Eriophora purpurascens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) = Eriophora fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838 (Levi, 1971b: 290)

Eriophora trapezoides (Karsch, 1879, T from Singa) = Eriophora fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838 (Levi, 1971b: 290)

Eriophora ursina (Keyserling, 1865) = Eriophora fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838 (Levi, 1971b: 290)

Eriophora variolata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, removed from S of E. edax) = Eriophora ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844 (Levi, 1971b: 287)

Nomina dubia:

Eriophora bivariolata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 27, pl. 6, f. 15, f, Guatemala) -- Levi, 1971b: 287

Eriophora circulata (Walckenaer, 1841: 79, f, USA, French Guiana, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1971b: 286

Eriophora fuliginea romboidalis (Franganillo, 1930: 25, f, Cuba, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1971b: 292

Eriophora fuliginea sanguinea (Franganillo, 1930: 25, f, Cuba, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1971b: 292

Eriophora nephiloides trapezoidalis (Franganillo, 1930: 30, f, 1946: 98, mf, Cuba, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1991a: 181

Eriophora nidificans (Hingston, 1932: 367, f, Guyana, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181

Eriophora tucumana (Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 149, pl. 7, f. 31, j, Brazil, originally in Epeirella) -- Levi, 2002: 562

Eriophora conica (Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987) | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017160
Zilla conica Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987: 63, f. 8-14 (Dmf) Original description
Zilla conica Yin et al., 1997d: 398, f. 288a-g (mf)
Zilla conica Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184L-M, 185A-B, M (mf)
Eriophora conica Yin et al., 2012: 680, f. 336a-g (Tmf from Zilla)
Eriophora edax (Blackwall, 1863) | | USA to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015878
Epeira edax Blackwall, 1863a: 30 (Dmf) Original description
Eriophora edax Banks, 1909a: 210
Araneus edax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290
Aranea edax cauca Strand, 1916b: 111 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056548]
Eriophora edax Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 325, f. 205-207 (mf)
Araneus argyronotus Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 111, f. 14 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056546]
Eriophora edax Bryant, 1948a: 62, f. 7 (f)
Araniella geayi Caporiacco, 1954: 104, f. 24 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056549]
Eriophora edax Levi, 1971b: 296, f. 35-48 (mf, S of Eriophora edax cauca)
Araneus geayi Levi, 1974b: 293 (T from Araniella)
Eriophora edax Levi, 1991a: 177-178 (S of Araneus argyronotus and A. geayi)
Eriophora edax Levi, 2002: 541, f. 112-113 (f)
Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) | | Honduras to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015880
Epeira fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838: 58, f. 375 (Df) Original description
Epeira hispida C. L. Koch, 1844: 71, f. 889 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055054]
Epeira ursina Keyserling, 1865: 822, pl. 19, f. 3-5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055057]
Epeira trapezoides Karsch, 1879h: 107 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055056]
Epeira messalina van Hasselt, 1888: 181, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055053]
Epeira purpurascens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 33, pl. 7, f. 4-5 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055055]
Epeira purpurescens Keyserling, 1893: 226, pl. 11, f. 168 (mf)
Epeira ursina Keyserling, 1893: 229, pl. 11, f. 170 (f)
Araneus fuligineus Simon, 1895a: 803
Araneus hispidus Simon, 1895a: 803
Araneus messalina Simon, 1895a: 803
Araneus purpurascens Simon, 1898i: 873
Eriophora purpurascens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 463, pl. 43, f. 14-15 (mf)
Araneus trapezoides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319
Araneus ursinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322
Eriophora ursina Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 254 (T from Araneus)
Singa trapezoides Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 260 (T from Araneus)
Eriophora fuliginea Levi, 1971b: 290, f. 25-34 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus hispidus, A. messalina, Eriophora purpurascens, E. ursina, Singa trapezoides)
Eriophora fuliginea Levi, 2002: 547, f. 192 (m)
Eriophora nephiloides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Guatemala to Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015882
Epeira musiva van Hasselt, 1888: 184, pl. 5, f. 5-7 (Df; nomen oblitum per Levi, 1991a: 179) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055059]
Epeira nephiloides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 32, pl. 7, f. 1-2 (Df) Original description
Epeira nephiloides Keyserling, 1893: 222, pl. 11, f. 165 (f)
Epeira nephiloides McCook, 1894: 190, pl. 14, f. 5-6, pl. 22, f. 3 (f)
Aranea nephiloides F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 511, pl. 48, f. 22 (f)
Eriophora nephiloides Banks, 1909a: 210
Araneus musivus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 305
Araneus nephiloides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306
Araneus acacesiiformis Caporiacco, 1954: 108, f. 27, 27a (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055058]
Eriophora nephiloides Levi, 1971b: 298, f. 49-58 (f, Dm)
Eriophora nephiloides Levi, 1991a: 177-179 (S of of Araneus acacesiiformis and A. musivus)
Eriophora neufvilleorum (Lessert, 1930) | | Congo, Ethiopia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015883
Araneus neufvilleorum Lessert, 1930: 641, f. 17-18 (Dmf) Original description
Eriophora neufvilleorum Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tmf from Araneus)
Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) | | USA to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015886
Epeira ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844: 73, f. 890 (Df) Original description
Epeira nicaraguensis Keyserling, 1885: 532, pl. 13, f. 31 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056551]
Epeira balaustina McCook, 1888b: 198 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056547]
Epeira variolata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 46, pl. 6, f. 14 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056552]
Epeira bivariolata Keyserling, 1892: 100, pl. 5, f. 74 (m, using nomen dubium)
Epeira nicaraguensis Keyserling, 1893: 214, pl. 10, f. 159 (f)
Epeira minax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 112, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056550]
Epeira balaustina McCook, 1894: 155, pl. 4, f. 2 (f)
Epeira bivariolata McCook, 1894: 159, pl. 5, f. 5-6 (mf, using nomen dubium)
Epeira ravilla McCook, 1894: 161, pl. 5, f. 7 (f, Dm)
Eustala variolata Simon, 1898i: 873
Eriophora variolata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 464
Eriophora minax F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 464, pl. 44, f. 3 (f)
Epeira bivariolata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 464, pl. 44, f. 1-2 (mf, using nomen dubium)
Eriophora ravilla F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 465
Aranea nicaraguensis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 519
Eriophora balaustina Banks, 1909b: 161
Aranea circulata Comstock, 1910: 177, f. 16-19 (m; cf. Levi, 1971b: 287)
Araneus balaustinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 281
Araneus minax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303
Araneus nicaraguensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306
Araneus ravillus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312
Araneus variolatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323
Araneus lineatus Franganillo, 1931c: 288 (D; preoccupied by Clerck, 1757, see Enoplognatha ovata) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014985]
Eriophora circulata Comstock, 1940: 117, 517, f. 108-111, 538 (m)
Eriophora nicaraguensis Mello-Leitão, 1948: 164 (T from Araneus)
Eriophora ravilla Levi, 1971b: 286, f. 7-24 (mf, S of Eriophora balaustina, E. minax, E. nicaraguensis and E. variolata)
Eriophora ravilla Edwards, 1986: 1, f. 1-2 (m)
Eriophora ravilla Breene et al., 1993: 103, f. 154A-D (mf)
Eriophora ravilla Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1017, f. 21E, 24C-D, 26D, 32B, 38A, 46C, 47D, 51C, 54D, 58B, 60C, 62C, 64C, 74A-F, 102B, 108A-F (mf)
Eriophora ravilla Alayón & Sherwood, 2022: 610 (S of Araneus lineatus)
Eriophora virgata Piza, 1976 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055231
Eriophora virgata Piza, 1976d: 143, 1 f. (habitus) (Df) Original description

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