World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

Gen. Parawixia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01539

N.B.: see note under Araneus unistriatus.

Transferred to other genera:

Parawixia affinitata (Roewer, 1942) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia aysenensis (Tullgren, 1902) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia bicaudata (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Nicolepeira

Parawixia carenata (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Nicolepeira

Parawixia cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia clymene (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia darlingtoni Bryant, 1945 -- see Ocrepeira

Parawixia dorsatula (Roewer, 1942) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia flavifrons (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Nicolepeira

Parawixia flaviventris (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia hyadesi (Simon, 1884) -- see Nicolepeira

Parawixia mastophoroides Mello-Leitão, 1942 -- see Ocrepeira

Parawixia naevia (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia obliterata (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia tullgreni Caporiacco, 1955 -- see Alpaida

Parawixia venustula (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Ocrepeira

Parawixia wagenknechti (Mello-Leitão, 1940) -- see Molinaranea

Parawixia zigzag Mello-Leitão, 1951 -- see Nicolepeira

In synonymy:

Parawixia aeronavis (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Eriophora) = Parawixia bistriata Rengger, 1836 (Levi, 1992b: 41)

Parawixia armata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) = Parawixia rigida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1992b: 32)

Parawixia bicolorata (Roewer, 1942) = Parawixia bistriata Rengger, 1836 (Levi, 1992b: 41)

Parawixia burmeisteri (Holmberg, 1876) = Parawixia bistriata Rengger, 1836 (Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321, sub Eriophora)

Parawixia cambridgei Bryant, 1940 = Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1992b: 18)

Parawixia caputlupi (Doleschall, 1859) = Parawixia dehaani Doleschall, 1859 (Chrysanthus, 1960: 31, sub Araneus)

Parawixia coronigera (Taczanowski, 1878) = Parawixia audax Blackwall, 1863 (Levi, 1992b: 37)

Parawixia decemtuberculata (Caporiacco, 1955, T from Eustala) = Parawixia rimosa Keyserling, 1892 (Levi & Santos, 2013: 223)

Parawixia dehaani pygituberculata (Strand, 1911) = Parawixia dehaani Doleschall, 1859 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 34)

Parawixia dehaani quadripunctigera (Strand, 1911) = Parawixia dehaani Doleschall, 1859 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 34)

Parawixia destrictoides (Strand, 1908) = Parawixia rimosa Keyserling, 1892 (Levi, 1992b: 16)

Parawixia eriophoroides (Caporiacco, 1954) = Parawixia velutina Taczanowski, 1878 (Levi, 1992b: 24)

Parawixia eumeniphila (Strand, 1916) = Parawixia audax Blackwall, 1863 (Levi, 1992b: 37)

Parawixia hamata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 = Parawixia rimosa Keyserling, 1892 (Levi, 1992b: 16)

Parawixia kochi albozonata Caporiacco, 1948 = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1992b: 33)

Parawixia kochi maculilatera Caporiacco, 1948 = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1992b: 33)

Parawixia kochi nigrohumeralis Caporiacco, 1948 = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1992b: 33)

Parawixia minas (Keyserling, 1892) = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1992b: 33)

Parawixia moraballii (Hingston, 1932, T from Cyclosa) = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1995b: 209)

Parawixia nordenskioldi (Tullgren, 1905) = Parawixia bistriata Rengger, 1836 (Levi, 1992b: 41)

Parawixia porvenir Levi, 1992 = Parawixia carimagua Levi, 1991 (Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1107)

Parawixia rivalis (Keyserling, 1892, T from Araneus) = Parawixia rigida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1992b: 32)

Parawixia rugosa (Badcock, 1932) = Parawixia audax Blackwall, 1863 (Levi, 1992b: 37)

Parawixia sermonifera (Mello-Leitão, 1932) = Parawixia bistriata Rengger, 1836 (Levi, 1992b: 41)

Parawixia setosa (Mello-Leitão, 1948) = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1992b: 33)

Parawixia tuberculata (Hingston, 1932, T from Cyclosa) = Parawixia kochi Taczanowski, 1873 (Levi, 1995b: 209)

Nomina dubia:

Parawixia advena (Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277, sub Araneus, new name for Epeira adianta Nicolet, 1849: 488, f, Chile; not identical with Neoscona adianta) -- Levi, 1991a: 181

Parawixia immunda (Nicolet, 1849: 510, f, Chile, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181

Parawixia paraopeba (Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 92, f. 10a-b, f, Brazil, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1992b: 41

Parawixia ribeiroi (Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 89, f. 11-12, f, Brazil, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1992b: 37

Parawixia acapulco Levi, 1992 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016888

Parawixia acapulco Levi, 1992b: 12, f. 9-13 (Df) Original description

Parawixia audax (Blackwall, 1863) | | Colombia to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016889

Epeira audax Blackwall, 1863a: 29 (Df) Original description

Epeira meridionalis Keyserling, 1865: 810, pl. 19, f. 19-20 (Df)

Epeira amaurophila Holmberg, 1876: 17 (Df)

Epeira coronigera Taczanowski, 1878b: 157, pl. 1, f. 9 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057868]

Epeira duodecimtuberculata Bertkau, 1880a: 91, pl. 2, f. 33 (Df)

Epeira audax Keyserling, 1892: 85, pl. 4, f. 64 (f, Dm)

Araneus audax Simon, 1897e: 2

Araneus coronigerus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 287

Aranea audax Strand, 1916b: 113

Aranea (Parawixia) eumeniphila Strand, 1916b: 115 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057871]

Araneus rugosus Badcock, 1932: 24 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057880]

Verrucosa audax Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 42

Araneus audax Franganillo, 1936c: 73, f. 32 (m)

Parawixia audax Mello-Leitão, 1940b: 38 (T from Verrucosa)

Parawixia eumeniphila Roewer, 1942a: 870

Parawixia rugosa Levi, 1991a: 178 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia coronigera Levi, 1991a: 179 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia audax Levi, 1992b: 36, f. 1-5, 7-8, 136-142 (mf, S of Parawixia coronigera, P. eumeniphila and P. rugosa)

Parawixia audax Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1015, f. 19H, 24G, 30G, 32D, 33B, 38B, 43E-F, 48C, 55C, 58D, 60E, 62E, 64E, 77A-F, 100A-B, 102D, 111A-G (mf)

Parawixia barbacoas Levi, 1992 | | Colombia, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016890

Parawixia barbacoas Levi, 1992b: 14, f. 27-31 (Df) Original description

Parawixia bistriata (Rengger, 1836) | | Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016891

Epeira bistriata Rengger, 1836: 131 (Df) Original description

Epeira socialis Rengger, 1836: 131 (Df)

Epeira bicolor C. L. Koch, 1838: 57, f. 374 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1802, see Araneus bicolor)

Epeira socialis Burmeister, 1861: 493 (N.B.: Roewer cited Burmeister, 1872: 210)

Epeira socialis Holmberg, 1874: 156

Epeira burmeisteri Holmberg, 1876: 17 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057865]

Epeira socialis Simon, 1891c: 10, pl. 1 (f)

Araneus socialis Simon, 1895a: 801

Araneus nordenskiöldii Tullgren, 1905: 29, pl. 3, f. 9, pl. 4, f. 9 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057879]

Araneus bicolor Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282

Araneus bistriatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282

Araneus horizontinus Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 87, f. 9 (Dmf)

Eriophora bistriata Mello-Leitão, 1932d: 124

Araneus sermoniferus Mello-Leitão, 1932d: 124 (new name for A. socialis sensu Burmeister) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057881]

Aranea bicolorata Roewer, 1942a: 837 (replacement name for Epeira bicolor C. L. Koch) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057864]

Eriophora bistriata Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321 (S of Eriophora burmeisteri)

Eriophora aeronavis Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 241, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057862]

Parawixia bicolorata Levi, 1991a: 177 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia nordenskjöldii Levi, 1991a: 178 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia sermonifera Levi, 1991a: 178 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia bistriata Levi, 1992b: 41, f. 150-157 (mf, T from Eriophora, S of Eriophora aeronavis, Parawixia bicolorata, P. nordenskioldi and P. sermonifera)

Parawixia bistriata Levi, 2002: 547, f. 191 (m)

Parawixia carimagua (Levi, 1991) | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017109

Wagneriana carimagua Levi, 1991b: 393, f. 102 (Dm) Original description

Parawixia porvenir Levi, 1992b: 20, f. 54-55 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016911]

Parawixia carimagua Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1107, f. 134A-E (m, T from Wagneriana, S of Parawixia porvenir)

Parawixia casa Levi, 1992 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016892

Parawixia casa Levi, 1992b: 20, f. 52-53 (Dm) Original description

Parawixia chubut Levi, 2001 | | Chile, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:037693

Parawixia chubut Levi, 2001: 470, f. 114-118 (Df) Original description

Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) | | India to Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016893

Epeira dehaanii Doleschall, 1859: 33, pl. 2, f. 7 (Df) Original description

Epeira spectabilis Doleschall, 1859: 34, pl. 2, f. 9 (Df)

Epeira caputlupi Doleschall, 1859: 35, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057867]

Epeira bogoriensis Doleschall, 1859: 35, pl. 11, f. 7 (Df)

Epeira caputlupi van Hasselt, 1877: 52, pl. 4, f. A (f)

Epeira kandarensis Thorell, 1877b: 372 (Df)

Epeira dehaani van Hasselt, 1882: 21

Epeira submucronata Simon, 1887i: 106 (Df)

Epeira caestata Thorell, 1890a: 122 (Dm)

Araneus caputlupi Pocock, 1897c: 599, pl. 25, f. 8

Araneus dehaani Simon, 1899a: 90

Araneus dehaani Pocock, 1900a: 225, f. 72 (f)

Araneus submucronatus Simon, 1901k: 59

Aranea dehaanii pygituberculata Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016895]

Aranea dehaanii quadripunctigera Strand, 1911d: 151 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016896]

Aranea dehaani Roewer, 1938: 38, f. 26 (f)

Araneus dehaani Chrysanthus, 1960: 31, f. 24-31 (f, S of Araneus caputlupi)

Araneus dehaanii Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 21, f. 19-21 (f)

Parawixia dehaanii Tikader, 1982a: 212, f. 414-418 (Tmf from Araneus)

Araneus dehaani Feng, 1990: 55, f. 30.1-4 (f)

Araneus dehaani Chen & Gao, 1990: 44, f. 46 (f)

Parawixia dehaani Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 582, f. 362a-e (f)

Araneus dehaanii Yin et al., 1997d: 133, f. 48a-i (mf)

Parawixia dehaani Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 182E-I (mf)

Araneus dehaani Yin et al., 2012: 602, f. 290a-h (mf)

Parawixia dehaani Sen et al., 2015: 119, f. 743-747, pl. 23 (f)

Parawixia dehaani Roy, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017: 22, f. 127-131, 190 (f)

Parawixia dehaani Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2017a: 115, f. 1a-g (mf)

Parawixia dehaani Nentwig et al., 2019: 34 (S of Parawixia dehaani pygituberculata and P. dehaani quadripunctigera)

Parawixia dehaani Caleb, 2020b: 15718, f. 3J-L, 25D (f)

Parawixia dehaani octopunctigera (Strand, 1911) | | Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016894

Aranea dehaanii octopunctigera Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df) Original description

Parawixia dehaani octopunctigera Nentwig et al., 2019: 33 (subspecies inquirenda)

Parawixia destricta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Mexico to Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016897

Epeira destricta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 39, pl. 4, f. 13 (Dm, not f) Original description

Epeira destricta Keyserling, 1892: 105, pl. 5, f. 78 (m, Df)

Parawixia destricta F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 488, pl. 46, f. 9-10 (mf)

Araneus destrictus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 289

Wixia destricta Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tmf from Parawixia)

Parawixia destricta Levi, 1992b: 14, f. 19-26 (Tmf from Wixia)

Parawixia divisoria Levi, 1992 | | Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016898

Parawixia divisoria Levi, 1992b: 28, f. 97-103 (Dmf) Original description

Parawixia guatemalensis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Mexico, Guatemala urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016899

Epeira guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 40, pl. 7, f. 7 (Df, not m) Original description

Epeira guatemalensis Keyserling, 1892: 112, pl. 6, f. 83a (f, not m)

Epeira merens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899a: 246, pl. 31, f. 2 (Df)

Parawixia guatemalensis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 14 (f)

Araneus guatemalensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295

Parawixia guatemalensis Levi, 1992b: 16, f. 40-45 (f, Dm)

Parawixia honesta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016900

Epeira honesta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899a: 300, pl. 37, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Parawixia honesta F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 490, pl. 46, f. 17 (f)

Araneus honestus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297

Parawixia honesta Levi, 1992b: 12, f. 14-18 (f)

Parawixia hoxaea (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Guatemala to Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016901

Epeira hoxaea O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 35, pl. 5, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Epeira hoxaea Keyserling, 1892: 87, pl. 4, f. 65 (f)

Parawixia hoxaea F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 490, pl. 46, f. 15 (f)

Araneus hoxaeus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297

Parawixia hoxaea Levi, 1992b: 26, f. 88-92 (f)

Parawixia hypocrita (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Guatemala to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016903

Epeira hypocrita O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 38, pl. 5, f. 8 (Dm) Original description

Epeira hypocrita Keyserling, 1892: 109, pl. 5, f. 81 (m)

Parawixia hypocrita F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 12 (m)

Araneus hypocritus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297

Parawixia hypocrita Levi, 1992b: 21, f. 56-62 (m, Df)

Parawixia hypocrita Yin & Kim, 1997: 58, f. 1a-e (mf)

Parawixia inopinata Camargo, 1950 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016904

Parawixia inopinata Camargo, 1950b: 233, pl. II, f. 7-9, pl. III, f. 2-3, pl. IV, f. 4 (Dm) Original description

Parawixia inopinata Levi, 1992b: 22, f. 69-73 (m, Df)

Parawixia kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) | | Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016905

Epeira optuntiae C. L. Koch, 1844: 102, f. 909 (Df; preoccupied by Dufour, 1820, see Cyrtophora citricola)

Epeira kochii Taczanowski, 1873: 134 (Df) Original description

Epeira minas Keyserling, 1892: 95, pl. 5, f. 71 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057876]

Araneus kochi Simon, 1895a: 775

Araneus minas Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303

Turckheimia moraballii Hingston, 1932: 368 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057877]

Turckheimia tuberculata Hingston, 1932: 369 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057883]

Parawixia minas Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 191 (T from Araneus)

Molinaranea setosa Mello-Leitão, 1948: 169, f. 11 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057882]

Parawixia kochi Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia kochi albozonata Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057873]

Parawixia kochi maculilatera Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057874]

Parawixia kochi nigrohumeralis Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057875]

Araneus setosus Brignoli, 1983c: 263 (T from Molinaranea, because of erroneous generic synonymy)

Parawixia setosa Levi, 1991a: 180 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia kochi Levi, 1992b: 33, f. 123-135 (mf, S of Parawixia kochi albozonata, P. k. maculilatera, P. k. nigrohumeralis, P. minas and P. setosa)

Parawixia kochi Levi, 1995b: 209 (S of Cyclosa moraballii and C. tuberculata)

Parawixia kochi Levi, 2002: 540, f. 86-87 (f)

Parawixia kochi Carvalho & Gasnier, 2019: CB15, f. 31-32 (f)

Parawixia kochi Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1017, f. 21G, 32E, 41C-D, 43F-G, 48D, 51H, 55D, 60F, 62G, 63I, 65A, 78A-F, 102E, 112A-G (mf)

Parawixia maldonado Levi, 1992 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016906

Parawixia maldonado Levi, 1992b: 32, f. 115-116 (Dm) Original description

Parawixia matiapa Levi, 1992 | | Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016907

Parawixia matiapa Levi, 1992b: 27, f. 93-94 (Dm) Original description

Parawixia matiapa Levi, 2002: 551, f. 231-232 (m)

Parawixia monticola (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016908

Epeira monticola Keyserling, 1892: 94, pl. 4, f. 70 (Df) Original description

Araneus monticola Petrunkevitch, 1911: 304

Wagneriana monticola Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 251 (Tf from Araneus)

Parawixia monticola Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Wagneriana)

Parawixia monticola Levi, 1992b: 25, f. 81-87 (f, Dm)

Parawixia nesophila Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 | | Costa Rica, Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016909

Parawixia nesophila Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 52, pl. 16, f. 141-143 (Df) Original description

Parawixia nesophila Levi, 1992b: 22, f. 63-68 (f, Dm)

Parawixia nesophila Levi, 2002: 555, f. 270 (m)

Parawixia ouro Levi, 1992 | | Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016910

Parawixia ouro Levi, 1992b: 30, f. 110-114 (Df) Original description

Parawixia rigida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Guatemala to Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016912

Epeira rigida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 36, pl. 5, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Epeira armata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 41, pl. 4, f. 17 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057863]

Epeira rivalis Keyserling, 1892: 103, pl. 5, f. 76 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057879]

Epeira armata Keyserling, 1892: 107, pl. 5, f. 79 (m)

Parawixia armata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 11 (m)

Parawixia rigida F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 491, pl. 46, f. 18 (f)

Aranea rivalis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 519

Araneus armatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 280

Araneus rigidus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312

Araneus rivalis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312

Parawixia rigida Levi, 1992b: 32, f. 117-122 (mf, S of Parawixia armata and P. rigida)

Parawixia rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) | | Costa Rica to Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016913

Epeira rimosa Keyserling, 1892: 110, pl. 6, f. 82 (Df) Original description

Parawixia hamata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 13 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057872]

Aranea destrictoides Strand, 1908c: 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057869]

Araneus destrictoides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 289

Araneus hodiernus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297 (replacement name for P. hamata, preoccupied in Araneus, see Singa hamata)

Araneus rimosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312

Eustala decemtuberculata Caporiacco, 1955: 342, f. 28a-b (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015927]

Parawixia rimosa Levi, 1992b: 16, f. 6, 32-39 (mf, S of Parawixia destrictoides and P. hamata)

Parawixia rimosa Levi & Santos, 2013: 223 (S of Eustala decemtuberculata)

Parawixia rimosa Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1022, f. 26F, 30H, 32F, 38C, 46D, 48E, 51I, 55E, 58E, 60G, 62F, 64F, 79A-F, 102F, 113A-E (mf)

Parawixia tarapoa Levi, 1992 | | Ecuador, Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016914

Parawixia tarapoa Levi, 1992b: 30, f. 104-109 (Dmf) Original description

Parawixia tomba Levi, 1992 | | Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016915

Parawixia tomba Levi, 1992b: 27, f. 95-96 (Dm) Original description

Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 | | Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016916

Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 490, pl. 46, f. 16 (Df) Original description

Araneus tredecimnotatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319

Parawixia cambridgei Bryant, 1940: 342, f. 104-106 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057866]

Parawixia tredecimnotata Levi, 1992b: 18, f. 46-51 (mf, S of Parawixia cambridgei)

Parawixia undulata (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016917

Mahadeva undulata Keyserling, 1892: 67, pl. 3, f. 52 (Df) Original description

Araneus undulatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322

Verrucosa undulata Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 195 (Tf from Araneus)

Parawixia undulata Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tf from Verrucosa)

Parawixia undulata Levi, 1992b: 40, f. 143-149 (f, Dm)

Parawixia velutina (Taczanowski, 1878) | | Colombia to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016918

Epeira velutina Taczanowski, 1878b: 159, pl. 1, f. 10 (Df, m = Wagneriana jelskii per Levi, 1991a: 180) Original description

Araneus velutinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323

Araneus eriophoroides Caporiacco, 1954: 111, f. 29, 29a (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057870]

Parawixia eriophoroides Levi, 1991a: 178 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia velutina Levi, 1991a: 180 (T from Araneus)

Parawixia velutina Levi, 1992b: 24, f. 74-80 (f, Dm, S of Parawixia eriophoroides)