World Spider Catalog

Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.

In synonymy:

Liodrassus Chamberlin, 1935 = Nodocion Chamberlin, 1922 (Ubick & Roth, 1973b: 6)

Gen. Nodocion Chamberlin, 1922 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02456

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Liodrassus Chamberlin, 1936a: 4 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05584] (type L. arizonicus Chamberlin, 1936 = Nodocion eclecticus Chamberlin, 1924) by Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 6.

Transferred to other genera:

Nodocion agilis Bryant, 1936 -- see Marinarozelotes

Nodocion barbaranus Chamberlin, 1922 -- see Marinarozelotes

Nodocion chamberlini Roewer, 1951 -- see Marinarozelotes

Nodocion iugans Chamberlin, 1922 -- see Marinarozelotes

Nodocion mandae (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) -- see Setaphis

Nodocion moronius Chamberlin, 1936 -- see Drassyllus

Nodocion realisticus Chamberlin, 1924 -- see Litopyllus

Nodocion solanensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 -- see Setaphis

Nodocion solaster Chamberlin, 1937 -- see Marinarozelotes

Nodocion syntheticus Chamberlin, 1924 -- see Synaphosus

Nodocion tikaderi (Gajbe, 1993) -- see Setaphis

Nodocion zelotoides Worley, 1928 -- see Drassyllus

In synonymy:

Nodocion arizonicus (Chamberlin, 1936) = Nodocion eclecticus Chamberlin, 1924 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 10)

Nodocion atopophysis (Chamberlin, 1928) = Nodocion eclecticus Chamberlin, 1924 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 10)

Nodocion carrvillus (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941) = Nodocion voluntarius Chamberlin, 1919 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 12)

Nodocion deceptus (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) = Nodocion floridanus Banks, 1896 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 14)

Nodocion floridicolens (Chamberlin, 1936) = Nodocion floridanus Banks, 1896 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 14)

Nodocion florissantus (Chamberlin, 1936) = Nodocion voluntarius Chamberlin, 1919 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 12)

Nodocion melanie Levi, 1951 = Nodocion floridanus Banks, 1896 (Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 14)

Nodocion metalleus (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1940, T from Liodrassus) = Nodocion eclecticus Chamberlin, 1924 (Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 6, sub N. arizonicus)

Nodocion petersoni (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1940, T from Liodrassus) = Nodocion rufithoracicus Worley, 1928 (Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 6)

Nomen dubium:

Nodocion pragmaticus Chamberlin, 1924b: 612, f. 47 (f, Mexico) -- Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 4

Nodocion eclecticus Chamberlin, 1924 | | North America urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027611

Nodocion eclecticus Chamberlin, 1924b: 613, f. 46 (Dm) Original description

Herpyllus atopophysis Chamberlin in Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1928: 176 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055780]

Liodrassus arizonicus Chamberlin, 1936a: 4, f. 4-6 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055779]

Liodrassus metalleus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1940: 5, f. 5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055786]

Nodocion arizonicus Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 6 (S of Liodrassus metalleus)

Nodocion atopophysis Platnick & Shadab, 1977b: 5 (T from Herpyllus)

Nodocion eclecticus Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 10, f. 13-16, 31 (mf, S of Nodocion arizonicus and N. atopophysis)

Nodocion eclecticus Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 256, f. 399-403 (mf)

Nodocion eclecticus Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 604, f. 5d, 10f, 19i, 20e, 22e, S8h (f)

Nodocion floridanus (Banks, 1896) | | USA, Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027612

Prosthesima floridana Banks, 1896e: 61 (Df) Original description

Herpyllus floridanus Banks, 1910: 8

Herpyllus floridanus Bryant, 1935a: 74, pl. 5, f. 3 (f)

Liodrassus deceptus Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936a: 12, f. 22-24 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055782]

Liodrassus floridicolens Chamberlin, 1936b: 3, f. 16 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055783]

Nodocion melanie Levi, 1951: 23, f. 20-22 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055785]

Nodocion melanie Levi & Field, 1954: 458, f. 70, 74 (mf)

Nodocion floridanus Platnick & Shadab, 1977b: 6 (T from Herpyllus)

Nodocion floridanus Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 14, f. 21-26, 33 (mf, S of Nodocion deceptus, N. floridicolens and N. melanie)

Nodocion floridanus Heiss & Allen, 1986: 26, f. 47-48 (mf)

Nodocion floridanus Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 259, f. 22-23, 405-409 (mf)

Nodocion floridanus Breene et al., 1993: 89, f. 112A-B (mf)

Nodocion mateonus Chamberlin, 1922 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027613

Nodocion mateonus Chamberlin, 1922: 154 (Df) Original description

Nodocion mateonus Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 5, f. 1-4 (f, Dm)

Nodocion mateonus Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 263, f. 418-421 (mf)

Nodocion mateonus Murphy, 2007: 50, f. 366-367 (mf)

Nodocion rufithoracicus Worley, 1928 | | Canada, USA, Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027614

Nodocion rufithoracica Worley, 1928: 620, f. 3 (Df) Original description

Liodrassus petersoni Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1940: 7, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055787]

Nodocion rufithoracicus Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 6 (S of Liodrassus petersoni)

Nodocion rufithoracicus Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 6, f. 5-8 (f, Dm)

Nodocion rufithoracicus Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 262, f. 414-417 (mf)

Nodocion rufithoracicus Desales-Lara, Jiménez & Corcuera, 2018: 3, f. 8-9 (f)

Nodocion utus (Chamberlin, 1936) | | USA, Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027617

Liodrassus utus Chamberlin, 1936a: 7, f. 10 (Df) Original description

Nodocion utus Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 9, f. 9-12 (f, Dm)

Nodocion voluntarius (Chamberlin, 1919) | | North America urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027618

Scotophaeus voluntarius Chamberlin, 1919b: 5, pl. 2, f. 3 (Df) Original description

Liodrassus florissantus Chamberlin, 1936a: 5, f. 7-9 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055784]

Liodrassus carrvillus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941b: 21, f. 27-29 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055781]

Nodocion voluntarius Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 6 (T from Scotophaeus)

Nodocion voluntarius Platnick & Shadab, 1980a: 12, f. 17-20, 32 (mf, S of Nodocion carrvillus and N. florissantus)

Nodocion voluntarius Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 260, f. 404, 410-413 (mf)