World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Ebaea L. Koch, 1872 = Gea C. L. Koch, 1843 (Simon, 1895a: 769)

Gen. Gea C. L. Koch, 1843 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01486

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Ebaea L. Koch, 1872a: 130 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05533] (type E. praecincta L. Koch, 1872 = Gea heptagon (Hentz, 1850)) by Simon, 1895a: 769.

Transferred to other genera:

Gea bimucronata Mello-Leitão, 1936 -- see Mecynogea

Gea diadema Hogg, 1920 -- see Neogea

Gea dubiosa Strand, 1911 -- see Argiope

Gea guttata Thorell, 1890 -- see Neogea

Gea lugens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 -- see Neogea

Gea nocticolor Thorell, 1887 -- see Neogea

Gea panamensis Chamberlin, 1917 -- see Argiope

Gea rotunda Hogg, 1915 -- see Argiope

Gea virginis Strand, 1911 -- see Leucauge

Gea wiedenmeyeri Schenkel, 1953 -- see Mecynogea

In synonymy:

Gea brongersmai Chrysanthus, 1971 = Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890 (Levi, 1983: 323)

Gea catenulata Thorell, 1898 = Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890 (Levi, 1983: 323)

Gea chelifer (van Hasselt, 1882) = Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326)

Gea corbetti Tikader, 1982 = Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890 (Levi, 1983: 323)

Gea curvipes (Keyserling, 1886, T from Argiope) = Gea theridioides L. Koch, 1872 (Levi, 1983: 328)

Gea decorata Thorell, 1890 = Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326)

Gea festiva Thorell, 1895 = Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326)

Gea festiva nigrifrons Simon, 1901 = Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326)

Gea heptagon nigra Petrunkevitch, 1930 = Gea heptagon Hentz, 1850 (Levi, 1968a: 325)

Gea praecincta (L. Koch, 1872) = Gea heptagon Hentz, 1850 (Levi, 1983: 322)

Gea praedicta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = Gea heptagon Hentz, 1850 (Levi, 1968a: 325)

Nomina dubia:

Gea decorata varians Franganillo, 1926a: 53 (j, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 324

Gea integra Franganillo, 1930: 19, f. 6B (mf, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 325

Gea lineata Franganillo, 1926a: 53 (j, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 324

Gea partita Franganillo, 1930: 17, f. 6A (mf, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 325

Gea severinoi Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 91 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1968a: 324

Gea subarmata maculata Franganillo, 1930: 19 (f, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 325

Gea africana Simon, 1895 | | Congo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016105

Gea africana Simon, 1895g: 154 (Df) Original description

Gea argiopides Strand, 1911 | | Indonesia (Aru Is.), Papua New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016106

Gea argiopides Strand, 1911d: 146, pl. 4, f. 10, pl. 5, f. 51 (Df) Original description

Gea argiopides Levi, 1983: 322, f. 345-349 (f)

Gea bituberculata (Thorell, 1881) | | Indonesia (New Guinea) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016107

Ebaea bituberculata Thorell, 1881: 60 (Df) Original description

Gea bituberculata Levi, 1983: 328, f. 376-380 (f)

Gea eff Levi, 1983 | | Papua New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016108

Gea eff Levi, 1983: 324, f. 336-337, 355-361 (Dmf) Original description

Gea heptagon (Hentz, 1850) | | Pacific Is., Australia. Introduced to USA to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016109

Epeira heptagon Hentz, 1850: 20 (Dmf) Original description

Ebaea praecincta L. Koch, 1872a: 130, pl. 10, f. 2, 3 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059903]

Gea heptagon Keyserling, 1892: 76, pl. 3, f. 58 (f)

Gea heptagon McCook, 1894: 208, pl. 12, f 8 (f)

Gea praecincta Simon, 1895a: 765, f. 844

Gea praedicta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 267, pl. 37, f. 11 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059904]

Gea heptagon Tullgren, 1901a: 9, pl. 1, f. 5 (f)

Gea heptagon Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 243, f. 93-96 (mf)

Gea heptagon nigra Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 245, f. 97-100 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059902]

Gea ergaster Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 104 (misidentified per Levi, 1968a: 324)

Gea heptagon Levi & Field, 1954: 448, f. 24-25, 27 (mf)

Gea heptagon Levi, 1968a: 324, f. 1-24 (mf, S of Gea heptagon nigra and G. praedicta)

Gea heptagon Levi, 1983: 322, f. 334-335, 338-344 (mf, S of Gea praecincta)

Gea heptagon Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 66 (m)

Gea heptagon Breene et al., 1993: 101, f. 146A-C (mf)

Gea heptagon Levi, 2002: 553, f. 241-242 (m)

Gea heptagon Dondale et al., 2003: 151, f. 314-322 (mf)

Gea heptagon Levi, 2004: 49, f. 1-8 (mf)

Gea heptagon Víquez, 2007: 386, f. 4a-c (mf)

Gea heptagon Corronca & Rodríguez Artigas, 2015: 151, f. 1g-k (m)

Gea infuscata Tullgren, 1910 | | Sudan, Tanzania, Angola, Botswana, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016110

Gea infuscata Tullgren, 1910: 157, pl. 4, f. 95 (Df) Original description

Gea infuscata Lessert, 1915a: 26, pl. 1, f. 4, 8 (Dm)

Gea infuscata Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e: 14, p. 13: 1 f., p. 14: 5 f. (f)

Gea jingdong Mi, Wang & Gan, 2024 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059897

Gea jingdong Mi, Wang & Gan in Mi et al., 2024: 76, f. 1A-J, 2A-D, 7A-D (Dmf) Original description

Gea nilotica Simon, 1906 | | Sudan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016111

Gea nilotica Simon, 1906a: 1162 (Df) Original description

Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 | | Pakistan, India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016112

Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843: 101, f. 823 (Df) Original description

Pronous chelifer van Hasselt, 1882: 24, pl. 2, f. 3, pl. 4, f. 7-10 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055060]

Argiope chelifera Thorell, 1890a: 90 (Df)

Gea decorata Thorell, 1890a: 104 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055061]

Gea decorata Workman & Workman, 1894: 23, pl. 23 (Dm)

Gea festiva Thorell, 1895b: 166 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055062]

Gea festiva Workman, 1896: 30, pl. 30 (f)

Gea festiva nigrifrons Simon, 1901k: 59 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016113]

Gea spinipes Levi, 1983: 326, f. 362-375 (mf, S of Argiope chelifera [removed from S of Argiope catenulata, rejecting Simon, 1895a: 858], Gea decorata, G. festiva and G. festiva nigrifrons)

Gea spinipes Yin et al., 1989: 67, f. 7A-C (f)

Gea spinipes Chang & Chang, 1997: 83, f. 1-4 (mf)

Gea spinipes Yin et al., 1997d: 90, f. 21a-f (mf)

Gea spinipes Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 169B-D (mf)

Gea spinipes Chakrabarti, 2009: 128, f. 1-7 (f)

Gea spinipes Jaffry, Butt & Zahra, 2024: 415, f. 3A-F (f)

Gea spinipes Mi et al., 2024: 79, f. 3A-L, 4A-E, 7E-H (mf)

Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890 | | India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia (Borneo), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, New Guinea) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016114

Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890a: 101 (Df) Original description

Gea catenulata Thorell, 1898: 339 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059899]

Gea subarmata Kulczyński, 1910: 392, pl. 17, f. 3, 4 (f)

Gea subarmata Kulczyński, 1911c: 476, pl. 20, f. 48-49 (f, Dm)

Gea brongersmai Chrysanthus, 1971: 18, f. 26-29 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059898]

Gea corbetti Tikader, 1982a: 109, f. 205-210 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059900]

Gea subarmata Levi, 1983: 323, f. 350-354 (f, S of Gea brongersmai, G. catenulata and G. corbetti)

Gea subarmata Okuma et al., 1993: 21, f. 16A-B (f, Dm)

Gea subarmata Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 568, f. 351a-j (f)

Gea subarmata Sen et al., 2015: 110, f. 632-636, pl. 21 (f)

Gea subarmata Roy, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017: 7, f. 13-17, 168 (f)

Gea subarmata Tanikawa & Yamanouchi, 2020: 131, f. 1A-C (f)

Gea subarmata Mi et al., 2024: 83, f. 5A-L, 6A-E, 7I-L (mf)

Gea theridioides (L. Koch, 1872) | | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016115

Ebaea theridioides L. Koch, 1872a: 132, pl. 10, f. 4 (Df) Original description

Argiope curvipes Keyserling, 1886a: 135, pl. 17, f. 1 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059901]

Araneus transversus Rainbow, 1912a: 197, f. 10-13 (f; misidentified per Davies & Gallon, 1986: 233)

Gea theridioides Levi, 1983: 328, f. 381-388 (mf, S of Argiope curvipes)

Gea theridioides Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 32 (mf)

Gea transversovittata Tullgren, 1910 | | Congo, Tanzania urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016116

Gea transversovittata Tullgren, 1910: 157, pl. 4, f. 94 (Df) Original description

Gea zaragosa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | India, Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016117

Gea zaragosa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 569, f. 352a-f (Df) Original description

Gea zaragosa Sen et al., 2015: 109, f. 627-631, pl. 21 (f)