World Spider Catalog

Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Metidae Simon, 1894a: 726 (sub Meteae) by Heimer & Nentwig, 1982: 292 and Levi, 1986a: 93 (although not by Wunderlich, 1986: 115); Metidae/Metinae is preoccupied in the Copepoda and emened to Metainae by ICZN, 2013 (Opinion 2326) following the proposal of Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011b; Diphyini is preoccupied in the Hydrozoa and emened to Diphyaini by ICZN, 2021 (Opinion 3774) following the proposal of Marusik, 2018d; see also the notes at the Araneidae, Nephilidae and Phonognathidae; includes taxa placed by Forster & Forster, 1999: 166 in the "Nanometidae" (see Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 802); also Leucauginae Caporiacco, 1955: 318 and Pachygnathidae Menge, 1866: 94 are included; mentioning of "Tetragnathiens" by Simon, 1864: 325, but the French ending -iens was not accepted as taxon at familiar level by Bonnet and Platnick, and this is continued here; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 list five subfamilies as valid: Diphyainae Simon, 1894a: 742 (sub Diphyeae), Leucauginae Caporiacco, 1955: 318, Metainae, Nanometinae Forster & Forster, 1999: 166 and Tetragnathinae.

In synonymy:

Manduculus Blackwall, 1833 = Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Blackwall, 1852a: 466)

Gen. Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01401

type Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823; gender feminine

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Manduculus Blackwall, 1833: 110 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:06185] (type M. ambiguus Blackwall, 1833 = Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823) by Blackwall, 1852a: 466 (by synonymy of the type species).

Transferred to other genera:

Pachygnatha silentvalliensis Biswas & Roy, 2004 -- see Tylorida

In synonymy:

Pachygnatha ambigua (Blackwall, 1833, T from Manduculus) = Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823 (Blackwall, 1852a: 466)

Pachygnatha crocea (Walckenaer, 1841, T from Linyphia) = Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830 (Simon, 1881a: 10)

Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 = Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907 (Marusik, Azarkina & Omelko, 2015: 126)

Pachygnatha kuratai Levi, 1951 = Pachygnatha dorothea McCook, 1894 (Levi, 1980a: 56)

Pachygnatha limata (Blackwall, 1841, T from Manduculus) = Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830 (Blackwall, 1852a: 462)

Pachygnatha manducula (Walckenaer, 1847, T from Linyphia) = Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830 (Thorell, 1870a: 76)

Pachygnatha maxillosa (Hahn, 1826, T from Linyphia) = Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823 (Westring, 1851: 38)

Pachygnatha mccooki Banks, 1916 = Pachygnatha xanthostoma C. L. Koch, 1845 (Levi, 1980a: 58)

Pachygnatha nipponica (Kishida, 1936, T from Glenognatha) = Pachygnatha quadrimaculata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Brignoli, 1983c: 220, sub Dyschiriognatha)

Pachygnatha pentophthalmica (Giebel, 1869, T from Linyphia) = Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830 (Lessert, 1910b: 287)

Pachygnatha rufithorax (Lucas, 1846, T from Theridion) = Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 (Simon, 1881a: 10)

Pachygnatha sewardi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 = Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823 (Levi, 1980a: 59)

Pachygnatha vernalis (Hahn, 1834, T from Theridion) = Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 (C. L. Koch, 1837b: 10)

Pachygnatha yiliensis (Hu & Wu, 1985, T from Dyschiriognatha) = Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 94)

Nomen dubium:

Pachygnatha africana Strand, 1906b: 616 (m), Strand, 1908l: 29 (f) (Ethiopia) -- Nentwig et al., 2020: 26

Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907 | | Russia (Far East), China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014020

Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907k: 147 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 99, f. 44A-G, 45A-F (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038600]

Pachygnatha amurensis Marusik, Azarkina & Omelko, 2015: 126, f. 1-20 (mf, S of Pachygnatha gaoi)

Pachygnatha atromarginata Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014021

Pachygnatha atromarginata Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 340, f. 100-111 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha autumnalis Marx, 1884 | | Canada, USA, Cuba urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014022

Pachygnatha autumnalis Emerton, 1884: 337, pl. 34, f. 22, pl. 40, f, 9 (m, Df)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Marx in Keyserling, 1884b: 660, pl. 21, f. 10 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha autumnalis McCook, 1894: 268, pl. 26, f. 1-2 (mf)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Banks, 1910: 36 (S of Pachygnatha dorothea; revalidated by Bryant, 1933a: 177)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Kaston, 1948: 266, f. 840, 849 (m)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Gertsch, 1979: 90, f. 3F (m)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Levi, 1980a: 58, f. 152-153, 155, 158-159, 202-213 (mf)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 326, f. 7J-L (m)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 206, f. 2295-2298 (mf)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Dondale et al., 2003: 96, f. 185-194 (mf)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Dimitrov, Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2007: 766, f. 9A-D, 11C-D (f)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Álvarez-Padilla et al., 2009: 138, f. 7d-e (mf)

Pachygnatha autumnalis Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 794, f. 105A-F, 106A-G, 107A-D, 108A-F (mf)

Pachygnatha bispiralis Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 | | Burundi urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047186

Pachygnatha bispiralis Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014b: 2, f. 1A-C, 2A-D (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha bonneti Senglet, 1973 | | Spain urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014023

Pachygnatha bonneti Senglet, 1973a: 302, f. 6-8, 17-18 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha bonneti Morano, 2020: 107, f. 16-22 (mf)

Pachygnatha brevis Keyserling, 1884 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014024

Pachygnatha tristriata Keyserling, 1883a: 209 (m; misidentified per Keyserling, 1884b: 658)

Pachygnatha brevis Emerton, 1884: 336, pl. 34, f. 21, pl. 40, f. 8, 10 (mf)

Pachygnatha brevis Keyserling, 1884b: 658 (D, new name for Pachygnatha tristriata sensu Keyserling, 1883) Original description

Pachygnatha brevis McCook, 1894: 267, pl. 26, f. 9, 19 (mf)

Pachygnatha brevis Banks, 1910: 36 (S of Pachygnatha furcillata; revalidated by Bryant, 1933a: 177)

Pachygnatha brevis Kaston, 1948: 267, f. 841, 857 (m)

Pachygnatha brevis Levi, 1980a: 54, f. 178-189 (mf; removed from S of Pachygnatha xanthostoma; rejecting Gertsch, in Kaston, 1977: 35)

Pachygnatha brevis Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 206, f. 2299-2302 (mf)

Pachygnatha brevis Dondale et al., 2003: 102, f. 215-224 (mf)

Pachygnatha calusa Levi, 1980 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014025

Pachygnatha calusa Levi, 1980a: 62, f. 251-254 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823 | | North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014026 TYPE SPECIES

Pachygnatha clerckii Sundevall, 1823: 16 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha clercki Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 141, pl. 6, f. 4 (mf)

Theridion maxillosum Hahn, 1826: 2, pl. 4, f. B (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062138]

Pachygnatha clercki Simon, 1894a: 716, f. 793 (m)

Manduculus ambiguus Blackwall, 1833: 111 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062137]

Pachygnatha clerckii Becker, 1896: (2): 68, pl. 13, f. 1 (mf)

Theridion maxillosum Hahn, 1834: 37, f. 122 (f)

Pachygnatha clercki Bösenberg, 1901: 56, pl. 4, f. 50 (mf)

Manduculus ambiguus Blackwall, 1834b: 359, pl. 3, f. 3-5 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Engelhardt, 1910: 53, f. 11 (f)

Linyphia maxillosa Walckenaer, 1841: 267

Pachygnatha clercki Simon, 1929: 644, 748, f. 989-990 (mf)

Linyphia clercki Walckenaer, 1841: 270

Pachygnatha clercki Reimoser, 1932: 62, f. 6 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri C. L. Koch, 1845: 142, f. 1064 (m; misidentified per Westring, 1851: 38)

Pachygnatha clercki Drensky, 1943: 248, f. 32-34 (mf)

Pachygnatha clerckii Westring, 1851: 38 (S of Linyphia maxillosa)

Pachygnatha sewardi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 64, f. 76-78 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062141]

Pachygnatha maxillosa Doleschall, 1852: 636

Pachygnatha clercki Locket & Millidge, 1953: 106, f. 71, 72, 73A, D (mf)

Pachygnatha clerckii Blackwall, 1852a: 466 (S of Manduculus ambiguus)

Pachygnatha clercki Chrysanthus, 1955c: 56, f. 1A-D (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Blackwall, 1864a: 318, pl. 22, f. 233 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Wiehle, 1963a: 61, f. 12, 99-106 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Menge, 1866: 95, pl. 16, f. 28 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Namkung, 1964: 40, f. 31 (f)

Pachygnatha clercki Thorell, 1870a: 75

Pachygnatha clercki Azheganova, 1968: 92, f. 197-200, 220 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Hansen, 1882: 28, pl. 2, f. 4 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Tystshenko, 1971: 202, f. 609 (f)

Pachygnatha clerckii F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889: 10, pl. 1, f. 5-6 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Palmgren, 1974a: 52, f. 26a-b, g (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Punda, 1975b: 12, f. 15 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Brignoli, 1978o: 288, f. 8 (f)

Pachygnatha clercki Paik & Namkung, 1979: 51, f. 34.1-2 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Song, 1980: 132, f. 70a-f (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Levi, 1980a: 59, f. 226-237 (mf, S of Pachygnatha sewardi)

Pachygnatha clercki Heimer, 1982: 46, f. 16 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Hu, 1984: 139, f. 142.1-6 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Roberts, 1985: 199, f. 88g, 89g (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Guo, 1985: 82, f. 2-31.1-4 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Wunderlich, 1985b: 327, f. 7-10 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Yaginuma, 1986a: 129, f. 69.2 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Hu & Wu, 1989: 111, f. 86.1-8 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Chikuni, 1989b: 90, f. 3 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 58, f. 121 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Barrion & Litsinger, 1994: 322, f. 1697-1699 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Roberts, 1995: 300, f. (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Mcheidze, 1997: 285, f. 645-649 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Roberts, 1998: 314, f. (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 60, f. 13, 38, 60 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Hu, 2001: 594, f. 404.1-7 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Namkung, 2002: 234, f. 18.20a-b (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Dondale et al., 2003: 94, f. 175-184 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 91, f. 38A-J, 39A-F (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Namkung, 2003: 236, f. 18.20a-b (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Almquist, 2006: 117, f. 135a-f (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Jäger, 2006d: 3, f. 1-2g-i, l-m (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Tanikawa, 2007c: 104, f. 370-371, 821-823 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Tanikawa, 2009: 419, f. 127-129 (m)

Pachygnatha clercki Kim & Lee, 2013: 50, f. 31A-D, pl. 16 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Cabra-García, Hormiga & Brescovit, 2014: 1029, f. 2A, 5A, 7A (f)

Pachygnatha clercki Morano, 2020: 108, f. 23-27 (mf)

Pachygnatha clercki Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 89, f. 59A-G (mf)

Pachygnatha clerckoides Wunderlich, 1985 | | Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014027

Pachygnatha clerckoides Wunderlich, 1985b: 325, f. 1-6 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha clerckoides Komnenov, 2014: 95, f. 27 (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 | | Azores, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014028

Pachygnatha degeerii Sundevall, 1830: 211 (Dmf) Original description

Theridion vernale Hahn, 1834: 38, f. 123 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062142]

Pachygnatha degeerii C. L. Koch, 1837b: 10 (S of Theridion vernale)

Linyphia degeeri Walckenaer, 1841: 269

Manduculus vernalis Blackwall, 1843: 125

Pachygnatha degeeri C. L. Koch, 1845: 143, f. 1065 (m)

Pachygnatha clerckii C. L. Koch, 1845: 146, f. 1067 (f; misidentified per Westring, 1851: 38)

Theridion rufithorax Lucas, 1846: 259, pl. 16, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062143]

Pachygnatha vernalis Doleschall, 1852: 636

Eucharium rufithorax Simon, 1864: 168

Pachygnatha degeeri Blackwall, 1864a: 321, pl. 22, f. 235 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Menge, 1866: 98, pl. 16, f. 30 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Thorell, 1870a: 76

Pachygnatha degeeri Simon, 1881a: 10 (S of Theridion rufithorax)

Pachygnatha degeeri Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 141, pl. 6, f. 6 (mf)

Pachygnatha de geeri Becker, 1896: (2): 65, pl. 12, f. 2 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Bösenberg, 1901: 57, pl. 4, f. 52 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Engelhardt, 1910: 55, f. 13-14 (f)

Pachygnatha degeeri Simon, 1929: 644, 748, f. 992-993 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Berland, 1932b: 278, f. 424 (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Drensky, 1943: 249, f. 32-34 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Locket & Millidge, 1953: 110, f. 73B (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Wiehle, 1963a: 72, f. 115-124 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Tystshenko, 1971: 202, f. 607 (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Miller, 1971: 198, pl. XXXVI, f. 22-23 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Palmgren, 1974a: 52, f. 26e-f, i (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Punda, 1975b: 47, f. 89-91 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Ledoux & Canard, 1981: 12, f. 27 (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Roberts, 1985: 199, f. 88h, 89h (mf)

Dyschiriognatha yiliensis Hu & Wu, 1985: 95, f. 1.1-10 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013636]

Dyschiriognatha yiliensis Hu & Wu, 1989: 109, f. 85.1-10 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 58, f. 120 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Roberts, 1995: 301, f. (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Mcheidze, 1997: 286, f. 693 (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Roberts, 1998: 315, f. (mf)

Dyschiriognatha yiliensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 213, f. 120E-F, J-K (m)

Pachygnatha degeeri Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 94, f. 40A-F, 41A-F (mf, S of Dyschiriognatha yiliensis)

Pachygnatha degeeri Almquist, 2006: 118, f. 136a-e (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri Zhan et al., 2019: 9, f. 3E (f)

Pachygnatha degeeri Morano, 2020: 108, f. 28-32 (mf)

Pachygnatha degeeri dysdericolor Jocqué, 1977 | | Morocco urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014029

Pachygnatha degeeri dysdericolor Jocqué, 1977c: 333 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha dorothea McCook, 1894 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014030

Pachygnatha dorothea McCook, 1894: 270, pl. 26, f. 3-4 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha dorothea Bryant, 1933a: 176 (removed from S of Pachygnatha autumnalis, rejecting Banks, 1910: 36, m pl. 4, f. 37, 41 see Pachygnatha xanthostoma)

Pachygnatha kuratai Levi, 1951: 15, f. 29-31 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062139]

Pachygnatha kuratai Levi & Field, 1954: 452, f. 38, 43-44 (m)

Pachygnatha dorothea Levi & Field, 1954: 452, f. 39-41 (mf)

Pachygnatha dorothea Levi, 1980a: 56, f. 190-201 (mf, S of Pachygnatha kuratai)

Pachygnatha dorothea Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 207, f. 2303-2306 (mf)

Pachygnatha dorothea Dondale et al., 2003: 105, f. 225-234 (mf)

Pachygnatha fengzhen Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039271

Pachygnatha fengzhen Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 96, f. 42A-F, 43A-F (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha furcillata Keyserling, 1884 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014031

Pachygnatha furcillata Keyserling, 1884b: 662, pl. 21, f. 11 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha furcillata McCook, 1894: 271, pl. 28, f. 3 (f)

Pachygnatha furcillata Banks, 1913: 180, pl. 11, f. 3 (m)

Pachygnatha furcillata Bryant, 1933a: 177, pl. 4, f. 38-39 (mf, removed from S of Pachygnatha brevis, rejecting Banks, 1910: 36)

Pachygnatha furcillata Kaston, 1948: 267, f. 842, 858 (mf)

Pachygnatha furcillata Levi, 1980a: 53, f. 154, 156-157, 162-177 (mf)

Pachygnatha furcillata Coddington, 1990: 16, f. 47 (m)

Pachygnatha furcillata Dondale et al., 2003: 100, f. 205-214 (mf)

Pachygnatha goedeli Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014032

Pachygnatha goedeli Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 343, f. 123-126 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha hexatracheata Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014033

Pachygnatha hexatracheata Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 332, f. 52-65 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha intermedia Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 | | Burundi urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047187

Pachygnatha intermedia Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014b: 6, f. 1D-I, 3A-H, 5A (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha jansseni Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014034

Pachygnatha jansseni Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 343, f. 112-122 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha kiwuana Strand, 1913 | | Congo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014035

Pachygnatha kiwuana Strand, 1913a: 355 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha kiwuana Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 326, f. 1-6 (m)

Pachygnatha leleupi Lawrence, 1952 | | Cameroon, DR Congo, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014036

Pachygnatha leleupi Lawrence, 1952b: 8, f. 4a-c (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha leleupi Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 329, f. 33-51 (f, Dm)

Pachygnatha leleupi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020t: 28, 3 f. (m)

Pachygnatha leleupi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2023a: 31, f. 1-6 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830 | | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014037

Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830: 210 (Dmf) Original description

Linyphia crocea Walckenaer, 1841: 266 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062145]

Manduculus limatus Blackwall, 1841a: 667 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062146]

Linyphia manducula Walckenaer, 1847a: 482 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062147]

Pachygnatha listeri Blackwall, 1852a: 462 (S of Manduculus limatus)

Pachygnatha listeri Blackwall, 1864a: 320, pl. 22, f. 234 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Menge, 1866: 96, pl. 16, f. 29 (mf)

Linyphia pentophthalmica Giebel, 1869c: 303 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062148]

Pachygnatha listeri Thorell, 1870a: 75 (S of Linyphia manducula)

Pachygnatha listeri Simon, 1881a: 10 (S of Linyphia crocea)

Pachygnatha listeri Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 141, pl. 6, f. 5 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Simon, 1894a: 709, f. 785 (m)

Pachygnatha listeri Becker, 1896: (2): 67, pl. 12, f. 3 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Bösenberg, 1901: 56, pl.4 , f. 51 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Engelhardt, 1910: 53, f. 12 (f)

Pachygnatha listeri Lessert, 1910b: 287 (S of Linyphia pentophthalmica)

Pachygnatha listeri Gerhardt, 1921: 245, pl. 2, f. 3 (m)

Pachygnatha listeri Spassky, 1925: 18, f. 38 (m)

Pachygnatha listeri Simon, 1929: 644, 748, f. 991 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Drensky, 1943: 249, f. 32-34 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Locket & Millidge, 1953: 110, f. 73C, E (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Wiehle, 1963a: 67, f. 107-114 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Tystshenko, 1971: 202, f. 606, 608 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Miller, 1971: 197, pl. XXXVI, f. 21-22, pl. XXXVII, f. 4 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Palmgren, 1974a: 52, f. 26c-d, h (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Brignoli, 1978o: 288, f. 7 (f)

Pachygnatha listeri Forster, 1980: 281, f. 17 (f)

Pachygnatha listeri Roberts, 1985: 199, f. 88i, 89i (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 58, f. 122 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Thaler, 1991b: 48, f. 4-6, 10-11, 16-17 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Roberts, 1995: 300, f. (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Mcheidze, 1997: 285, f. 650-652 (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Roberts, 1998: 314, f. (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Trotta, 2005: 174, f. 425 (m)

Pachygnatha listeri Almquist, 2006: 119, f. 137a-f (mf)

Pachygnatha listeri Morano, 2020: 108, f. 33 (f)

Pachygnatha longipes Simon, 1894 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014038

Pachygnatha longipes Simon, 1894a: 717 (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha longipes Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 329, f. 28-32 (m)

Pachygnatha monticola Baba & Tanikawa, 2018 | | Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050549

Pachygnatha monticola Baba & Tanikawa, 2018: 42, f. 10-18 (Dmf, f only chelicerae) Original description

Pachygnatha mucronata Tullgren, 1910 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014039

Pachygnatha mucronata Tullgren, 1910: 147, pl. 3, f. 68 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha mucronata Caporiacco, 1949a: 351, f. 18a-b (Dm; belongs probably to Pachygnatha procincta per Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 327)

Pachygnatha mucronata Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 327, f. 12-15 (f)

Pachygnatha mucronata comorana Schmidt & Krause, 1993 | | Comoros urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014040

Pachygnatha mucronata comorana Schmidt & Krause, 1993a: 9, f. 13-14 (Dmf; N.B.: figures in Schmidt & Krause, 1993c) Original description

Pachygnatha mucronata comorana Schmidt & Krause, 1994a: 8, f. 4-5 (mf)

Pachygnatha ochongipina Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014041

Pachygnatha ochongipina Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 492, f. 302a-j (Dm) Original description

Pachygnatha okuensis Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014042

Pachygnatha okuensis Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 337, f. 90-99 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha opdeweerdtae Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014043

Pachygnatha opdeweerdtae Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 343, f. 127-131 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha palmquisti Tullgren, 1910 | | Kenya, Tanzania urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014044

Pachygnatha palmqvisti Tullgren, 1910: 146, pl. 3, f. 67 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha palmqvisti Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 327, f. 16-27 (mf)

Pachygnatha procincta Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon, Burundi, Kenya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014045

Pachygnatha procincta Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 337, f. 82-89 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) | | Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013633

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 175, pl. 3, f. 9, pl. 15, f. 425 (Dm) Original description

Glenognatha nipponica Kishida, 1936c: 65, f. 1-4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062140]

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Yin, 1976: 126, pl. XIII.1-12 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Paik & Namkung, 1979: 50, f. 32 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Song, 1980: 129, f. 68a-h (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Yaginuma in Brignoli, 1983c: 220 (S of Glenognatha nipponica)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Hu, 1984: 135, f. 136.1-4 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Guo, 1985: 78, f. 2-28.1-7 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Yaginuma, 1986a: 136, f. 72.2 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Zhang, 1987: 91, f. 74.1-6 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Chikuni, 1989b: 90, f. 2 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Feng, 1990: 103, f. 78.1-6 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Chen & Gao, 1990: 75, f. 94a-e (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Chen & Zhang, 1991: 121, f. 116.1-12 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Okuma, 1991a: 15, f. 3B (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Zhao, 1993: 263, f. 124a-c (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Barrion & Litsinger, 1994: 322, f. 1693-1694 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Zhao, 1995: 981, f. 463a-c (mf)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 43, f. 1. 26 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 213, f. 120A-B, G (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Namkung, 2002: 235, f. 18.21a-b (mf)

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 101, f. 46A-K, 47A-F (mf, T from Dyschiriognatha)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Namkung, 2003: 237, f. 18.21a-b (mf)

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata Tanikawa, 2007c: 103, f. 366-367, 815-817 (m)

Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Kim, Kim & Lee, 2008: 34, f. 1, 33, 33.1 (mf)

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata Tanikawa, 2009: 412, f. 52-54 (m)

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 169, f. 114A-K, 115A-F (mf)

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata Yin et al., 2012: 449, f. 203a-g (mf)

Pachygnatha quadrimaculata Kim & Lee, 2013: 51, f. 32A-D (mf)

Pachygnatha rotunda Saito, 1939 | | Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014046

Pachygnatha rotunda Saito, 1939: 61, f. 4(7), pl. 1, f. 12 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha ruanda Strand, 1913 | | Rwanda urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014047

Pachygnatha ruanda Strand, 1913a: 356 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha ruanda Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 326, f. 7-11 (f)

Pachygnatha shengtangensis Huang, Wu, Yin, Xu & Chen, 2024 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:063393

Pachygnatha shengtangensis Huang et al., 2024: 388, f. 1A-C, 2A-F, 3A-F, 4A-C, 5A-E, 6A-D, 13A-B, 14A, 15A-B (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha simoni Senglet, 1973 | | Spain urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014048

Pachygnatha simoni Senglet, 1973a: 301, f. 1-5, 15-16 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha simoni Morano, 2020: 108, f. 34-38 (mf)

Pachygnatha sundevalli Senglet, 1973 | | Portugal, Spain urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014049

Pachygnatha sundevalli Senglet, 1973a: 304, f. 9-11, 19-20 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha sundevalli Morano, 2020: 108, f. 39-40 (m)

Pachygnatha tenera Karsch, 1879 | | Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013634

Pachygnatha tenera Karsch, 1879g: 64 (Dj) Original description

Dyschiriognatha tenera Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 174, pl. 15, f. 432 (Dmf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Yin, 1976: 126, pl. XIV.1-12 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Paik & Namkung, 1979: 50, f. 33 (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Song, 1980: 130, f. 69a-g (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Hu, 1984: 135, f. 137.1-5 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Guo, 1985: 77, f. 2-29.1-8 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Yaginuma, 1986a: 136, f. 72.3 (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Zhang, 1987: 92, f. 75.1-6 (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Chikuni, 1989b: 90, f. 1 (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Chen & Gao, 1990: 76, f. 95a-e (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Okuma, 1991a: 15, f. 3C (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Zhao, 1993: 265, f. 125a-b (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Barrion & Litsinger, 1994: 322, f. 1695-1696 (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Zhao, 1995: 982, f. 464a-b (mf)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 44, f. 2, 27 (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 213, f. 120C-D, H-I (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Namkung, 2002: 236, f. 18.22a-b (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 104, f. 48A-G, 49A-F (mf, T from Dyschiriognatha)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Namkung, 2003: 238, f. 18.22a-b (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Tanikawa, 2007c: 104, f. 368-369, 818-820 (m)

Dyschiriognatha tenera Kim, Kim & Lee, 2008: 34, f. 2, 34, 34.1 (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Tanikawa, 2009: 412, f. 55-57 (m)

Pachygnatha tenera Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 171, f. 116A-G, 117A-F (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Yin et al., 2012: 450, f. 204a-i (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Kim & Lee, 2013: 53, f. 33A-D (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 89, f. 60A-G (mf)

Pachygnatha tenera Hino, 2024: 55, f. 2C-D (m)

Pachygnatha terilis Thaler, 1991 | | Switzerland, Austria, Italy urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014050

Pachygnatha terilis Thaler, 1991b: 48, f. 1-3, 7-9, 12-14 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha tristriata C. L. Koch, 1845 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014051

Pachygnatha tristriata C. L. Koch, 1845: 145, f. 1066 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha tristriata Keyserling, 1884b: 656, pl. 11, f. 3 (mf)

Pachygnatha tristriata McCook, 1894: 270, pl. 26, f. 6, pl. 28, f. 1 (mf)

Pachygnatha tristriata Emerton, 1909: 202, pl. 5, f. 6 (mf)

Pachygnatha tristriata Muma, 1943: 99, pl. XIV, f. 6 (m)

Pachygnatha tristriata Kaston, 1948: 266, f. 838-839, 847-848 (m)

Pachygnatha tristriata Levi, 1980a: 60, f. 238-250 (mf)

Pachygnatha tristriata Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 207, f. 2307-2310 (mf)

Pachygnatha tristriata Dondale et al., 2003: 98, f. 195-204 (mf)

Pachygnatha tullgreni Senglet, 1973 | | Portugal, Spain urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014052

Pachygnatha tullgreni Senglet, 1973a: 305, f. 12-14, 21-22 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha tullgreni Morano, 2020: 109, f. 41-44 (mf)

Pachygnatha unciniformis Huang, Wu, Yin, Xu & Chen, 2024 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:063394

Pachygnatha unciniformis Huang et al., 2024: 394, f. 7A-C, 8A-F, 9A-F, 10A-C, 11A-E, 12A-D, 13C-D, 14B, 15C-D (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha ventricosa Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 | | Burundi urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047188

Pachygnatha ventricosa Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014b: 9, f. 1J-O, 4A-H, 5B (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha vorax Thorell, 1895 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014053

Pachygnatha vorax Thorell, 1895b: 137 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha xanthostoma C. L. Koch, 1845 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014054

Pachygnatha xanthostoma C. L. Koch, 1845: 148, f. 1066 (Df) Original description

Pachygnatha xanthostoma Keyserling, 1884b: 659, pl. 21, f. 9 (Dm)

Pachygnatha xanthostoma McCook, 1894: 269, pl. 26, f. 7-8 (mf)

Pachygnatha mccooki Banks, 1916: 79 (new name for Pachygnatha xanthostoma sensu McCook, 1894) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062144]

Pachygnatha dorothea Bryant, 1933a: 176, pl. 4, f. 37, 41 (m; misidentified per Levi, 1980a: 58)

Pachygnatha xanthostoma Gertsch in Kaston, 1977: 35 (S of Pachygnatha brevis; revalidated by Levi, 1980a: 54)

Pachygnatha xanthostoma Levi, 1980a: 58, f. 160-161, 214-225 (mf, S of Pachygnatha mccooki; not explicitely but P. xanthostoma sensu McCook is included)

Pachygnatha xanthostoma Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 207, f. 2311-2314 (mf)

Pachygnatha xanthostoma Dondale et al., 2003: 92, f. 166-174 (mf)

Pachygnatha zappa Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 | | Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014055

Pachygnatha zappa Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 332, f. 66-81 (Dmf) Original description

Pachygnatha zappa Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020t: 29, 6 f. (m)

Pachygnatha zappa Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2023a: 32, f. 1-4 (m)

Pachygnatha zhui Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038601

Pachygnatha zhui Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 106, f. 50A-E, 51A-F, pl. VIA-D (Dmf) Original description