World Spider Catalog

Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on the monophyly and relationships of many genera see Huber, 1998d and Huber, 2000; the division of Pholcidae into five subfamilies, Ninetinae Simon, 1890, Arteminae Simon, 1893, Modisiminae Simon, 1893, Smeringopinae Simon, 1893 and Pholcinae, is confirmed by Huber, Eberle & Dimitrov, 2018; two additional subfamilies are described by Meng et al., 2026: 99, 113 (Caipirinae Meng, Carvalho, Podsiadlowski & Huber, 2026 and Physocyclinae Meng, Carvalho, Podsiadlowski & Huber, 2026).

In synonymy:

Ceratopholcus Spassky, 1934 = Crossopriza Simon, 1893 (Huber, Colmenares & Ramírez, 2014: 420)

Tibiosa González-Sponga, 2006 = Crossopriza Simon, 1893 (Huber, 2009a: 65)

Gen. Crossopriza Simon, 1893 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00382

type Artema pristina Simon, 1890; gender feminine

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Tibiosa González-Sponga, 2006: 10 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03802] (type T. caracensis González-Sponga, 2006) by Huber, 2009a: 65 and of Ceratopholcus Spassky, 1934a: 361 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00378] (type C. maculipes Spassky, 1934) by Huber, Colmenares & Ramírez, 2014: 420.

Transferred to other genera:

Crossopriza cylindrogaster Simon, 1907 -- see Smeringopus

Crossopriza saltensis Mello-Leitão, 1941 -- see Priscula

Crossopriza sexsignata Franganillo, 1926 -- see Artema

In synonymy:

Crossopriza brasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, Deeleman-Reinhold & Pérez, 1999: 2)

Crossopriza caracensis (González-Sponga, 2006, T from Tibiosa) = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, 2009a: 65)

Crossopriza casanaimensis (González-Sponga, 2006, T from Tibiosa) = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, 2009a: 65)

Crossopriza coreana (González-Sponga, 2006, T from Tibiosa) = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, 2009a: 65)

Crossopriza francoisi Millot, 1946 = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, Deeleman-Reinhold & Pérez, 1999: 2)

Crossopriza guayanesa (González-Sponga, 2006, T from Tibiosa) = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, 2009a: 65)

Crossopriza moraensis (González-Sponga, 2006, T from Tibiosa) = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, 2009a: 65)

Crossopriza mucronata Mello-Leitão, 1942 = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, Deeleman-Reinhold & Pérez, 1999: 2)

Crossopriza nigrescens Millot, 1946 = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, 2022: 193)

Crossopriza stridulans Millot, 1946 = Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) (Huber, Deeleman-Reinhold & Pérez, 1999: 2)

Crossopriza dhofar Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053790

Crossopriza dhofar Huber, 2022: 122, f. 396-398, 450-474 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza ghul Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053793

Crossopriza ghul Huber, 2022: 137, f. 481-482, 526-537 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza ibnsinai Huber, 2022 | | Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053794

Crossopriza ibnsinai Huber, 2022: 139, f. 538-554 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza illizi Huber, 2022 | | Algeria urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053787

Crossopriza illizi Huber, 2022: 107, f. 373-390 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza johncloudsleyi Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001 | | Yemen, Kenya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:037485

Crossopriza johncloudsleyi Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001: 197, f. 11-16 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza johncloudsleyi Huber & Warui, 2012: 18, f. 28-31, 62-63, 70-74 (mf)

Crossopriza kandahar Huber, 2022 | | Afghanistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053798

Crossopriza kandahar Huber, 2022: 168, f. 664-680 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza khayyami Huber, 2022 | | Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053795

Crossopriza khayyami Huber, 2022: 144, f. 555-573 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza kittan Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053792

Crossopriza kittan Huber, 2022: 133, f. 479-480, 509-525 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) | | Probably native to Africa and/or Asia. Introduced to the Americas, Belgium, Germany, Australia, Micronesia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003389

Pholcus lyoni Blackwall, 1867a: 392 (Dmf) Original description

Smeringopus lyoni Thorell, 1895b: 70

Crossopriza lyoni Pocock, 1900a: 240

Crossopriza lyoni Dyal, 1935: 168, pl. 15, f. 90-96 (mf)

Crossopriza brasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1935a: 94, f. 13 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064780]

Crossopriza mucronata Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 389, f. 1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064787]

Crossopriza francoisi Millot, 1946a: 154, f. 29, 30B (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064784]

Crossopriza stridulans Millot, 1946a: 156, f. 31A-B (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064788]

Crossopriza nigrescens Millot, 1946a: 155, f. 30A (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003390]

Crossopriza lyoni Zhu & Wang, 1963a: 462, f. 4, 7-8 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Chrysanthus, 1967b: 96, f. 20-24 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 18, f. 13-15 (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Yaginuma, 1986a: 31, f. 17.5 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Kim, 1988: 35, f. 1-6 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Chikuni, 1989b: 29, f. 7 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Chen & Zhang, 1991: 72, f. 62.1-3 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Huber, Deeleman-Reinhold & Pérez, 1999: 2, f. 1-12 (mf, S of Crossopriza brasiliensis, C. francoisi, C. mucronata and C. stridulans)

Crossopriza lyoni Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 52, f. 22H-O (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Huber, 2000: 30, f. 98

Crossopriza lyoni Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001: 195, f. 5-6 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Irie, 2001: 7, f. 1-8 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Van Keer & Van Keer, 2001: 83, f. 2.1-8 (mf)

Tibiosa caracensis González-Sponga, 2006: 11, pl. 1, f. 1-10 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041418]

Tibiosa casanaimensis González-Sponga, 2006: 14, pl. 2, f. 1-9 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041419]

Tibiosa coreana González-Sponga, 2006: 17, pl. 3, f. 1-7 (Dm; f f. 8-9 see Artema atlanta) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041420]

Tibiosa guayanesa González-Sponga, 2006: 20, pl. 4, f. 1-9 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041421]

Tibiosa moraensis González-Sponga, 2006: 23, pl. 5, f. 1-9 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041422]

Crossopriza lyoni Beatty, Berry & Huber, 2008: 9, f. 17-18, 47-48 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Colmenares-García, 2008: 88, f. 2A-C (m)

Crossopriza lyoni Irie, 2009: 106, f. 3-5 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Huber, 2009a: 65 (S of Tibiosa caracensis, T. casanaimensis, T. coreana, T. guayanesa and T. moraensis)

Crossopriza lyoni Yin et al., 2012: 163, f. 30a-h (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Sen et al., 2015: 88, f. 514-518, pl. 19 (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Bauer et al., 2016: 4, f. 1-7 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Biswas, 2017b: 61, f. 1a-g (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Huber, 2022: 193, f. 702-705, 783-805 (mf, S of Crossopriza nigrescens)

Crossopriza lyoni Bourque et al., 2022: 28, f. 1-11 (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Suzuki, 2022b: 193, f. 16-17 (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Suzuki & Tsuji, 2023: 65, f. 2A-D (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Alcántar-Valenzuela et al., 2024: 12, f. 13-15 (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Okumura, 2024: 4, f. 8-9 (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Murcia-Moreno & Gálvez, 2025: 3, f. 2A-E (mf)

Crossopriza lyoni Ichikawa, 2025c: 42, f. 1-4 (f)

Crossopriza lyoni Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2026c: 26, f. 1-10 (mf)

Crossopriza maculipes (Spassky, 1934) | | Iraq, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003356

Ceratopholcus maculipes Spassky, 1934a: 361, f. 1-3 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza maculipes Huber, Colmenares & Ramírez, 2014: 420 (T from Ceratopholcus)

Crossopriza maculipes Ali, Zahid & Butt, 2016: 250, f. 3A-C (m)

Crossopriza maculipes Najim & Al-Khazali, 2019: 549, f. 2A-I, 3A-D (mf)

Crossopriza maculipes Huber, 2022: 208, f. 823-840, 854-865 (mf)

Crossopriza malegaon Huber, 2022 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053799

Crossopriza malegaon Huber, 2022: 172, f. 681-697 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza manakhah Huber, 2022 | | Yemen urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053796

Crossopriza manakhah Huber, 2022: 160, f. 625-642 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza miskin Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053800

Crossopriza miskin Huber, 2022: 175, f. 698-701, 706-725 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza moqal Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053791

Crossopriza moqal Huber, 2022: 127, f. 475-478, 483-508 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza parsa Huber, 2022 | | Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053801

Crossopriza parsa Huber, 2022: 180, f. 726-744 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza pristina (Simon, 1890) | | Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003391 TYPE SPECIES

Artema pristina Simon, 1890a: 93 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza pristina Simon, 1893a: 476, f. 465 (f)

Crossopriza pristina Wiehle, 1933: 242, f. 3a (m)

Crossopriza pristina Timm, 1976: 70, f. 5-6 (m; misidentified per Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001: 195)

Crossopriza pristina Siyam, Dunlop & El-Hennawy, 2015: 265, f. 2-6 (mf)

Crossopriza pristina Huber, 2022: 155, f. 608-624 (mf)

Crossopriza sahtan Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053788

Crossopriza sahtan Huber, 2022: 110, f. 391-392, 399-432 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza sanaa Huber, 2022 | | Yemen urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053797

Crossopriza pristina Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001: 195, f. 1-4, 7-10 (mf; misidentified per Huber, 2022: 164)

Crossopriza sanaa Huber, 2022: 164, f. 643-663 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza semicaudata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) | | Egypt, Chad, Sudan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003392

Pholcus semicaudatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 565 (Dmf) Original description

Holocnemus semicaudatus Simon, 1907e: 5

Crossopriza semicaudata Wiehle, 1933: 242, f. 3b (m)

Crossopriza semicaudata Denis, 1945b: 48, f. 9 (m)

Crossopriza semicaudata Huber, 2022: 149, f. 574-607 (mf)

Crossopriza sengleti Huber, 2022 | | Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053803

Crossopriza sengleti Huber, 2022: 189, f. 765-782 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza soudanensis Millot, 1941 | | Mali, Burkina Faso urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003393

Crossopriza soudanensis Millot, 1941: 28, f. 11A-L (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza soudanensis Huber, 2022: 103, f. 354-372 (mf)

Crossopriza srinagar Huber, 2022 | | Pakistan, India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053802

Crossopriza srinagar Huber, 2022: 185, f. 745-764 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza surobi Huber, 2022 | | Afghanistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053804

Crossopriza surobi Huber, 2022: 204, f. 806-822, 841-853 (Dmf) Original description

Crossopriza tiwi Huber, 2022 | | Oman urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053789

Crossopriza tiwi Huber, 2022: 118, f. 393-395, 433-449 (Dmf) Original description