World Spider Catalog

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on relationships, see Michalik & Hormiga, 2010: 7; re-synonymization of Pimoidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; Sinopimoidae Li & Wunderlich, 2008 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0112] synonymyized with Linyphiidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 245; resurrection of Sinopimoidae by Wunderlich, 2020b: 20 is not accepted here, because Dimitrov et al., 2017 was not taken into account; re-elevation of Sinopimoidae to family level by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 343 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); the current status of Sinopimoidae is also maintained for reasons of stability and we wait for a probable confirmation or rejection of this resurrection; Tian et al., 2022 show five subfamilies: Linyphiinae (incl. Mynogleninae Lehtinen, 1967: 250 and Dubiaraneinae Millidge, 1993c: 145), Erigoninae Emerton, 1882: 7, Micronetinae Hull, 1920a: 8, Ipainae Saaristo, 2007b: 34 and Stemonyphantinae Wunderlich, 1986: 120; da Silva-Moreira, Kulkarni & Hormiga, 2025: 60-62 list resp. newly circumscribe six subfamilies: Erigoninae, Lepthyphantinae Simon, 1929: 562, Linyphiinae (syn. nov.: Dubiaraneinae), Mynogleninae, Pocobletinae Silva-Moreira & Hormiga, 2025: 61 (new subfamily) and Stemonyphantinae, state Ipainae and Micronetinae to be polyphyletic, leave several linyphiid clades unranked and also several genera as incertae sedis.

In synonymy:

Hormathion Crosby & Bishop, 1933 = Thyreosthenius Simon, 1884 (Hackman, 1952b: 73)

Gen. Thyreosthenius Simon, 1884 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01306

type Erigone biovata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875; gender masculine

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Hormathion Crosby & Bishop, 1933b: 161 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05353] (type H. limnatum Crosby & Bishop, 1933 = Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851)) by Hackman, 1952b: 73.

Transferred to other genera:

Thyreosthenius asiaticus Andreeva & Tystshenko, 1970 -- see Styloctetor

In synonymy:

Thyreosthenius becki (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) = Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851) (Holm, 1945b: 20)

Thyreosthenius buddebergi (Bösenberg, 1899, T from Diplocephalus) = Thyreosthenius biovatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) (Wunderlich, 1974b: 165)

Thyreosthenius limnatus (Crosby & Bishop, 1933, T from Hormathion) = Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851) (Hackman, 1952b: 73)

Thyreosthenius sulcatus (Simon, 1926, T from Troxochrus) = Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851) (Millidge, 1977: 56)

Thyreosthenius synophrys (Thorell, 1870, T from Erigone) = Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851) (Simon, 1926: 499, sub Thyreosthenius becki)

Thyreosthenius biovatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) | | Europe, Russia (Europe to Far North East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:012918 TYPE SPECIES

Erigone biovata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875b: 215, pl. 29, f. 22 (Dm) Original description

Peponocranium biovatum Simon, 1884a: 686, 876, f. 542-544 (m, Df)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Simon, 1894a: 660, f. 693-695 (m)

Tapinocyba buddebergii Bösenberg, 1899: 116, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064887]

Thyreosthenius biovatus Smith, 1901a: 359, f. 2m (m)

Tapinocyba buddebergii Bösenberg, 1902: 208, pl. 18, f. 291 (f)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Bösenberg, 1902: 214, pl. 19, f. 301 (mf)

Diplocephalus buddebergi Reimoser, 1919: 59

Thyreosthenius biovatus Simon, 1926: 393, 499, f. 694 (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Bristowe, 1939: 163, f. 11 (f)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 273, f. 164G-H, 165C, E, G (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Wiehle, 1960a: 424, f. 776-784 (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Merrett, 1963b: 403, f. 69A-C (m)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Roșca, 1968: 82, f. 2a-d (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Miller, 1971: 273, pl. LVII, f. 18-19 (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Wunderlich, 1974b: 165 (S of Diplocephalus buddebergi)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Palmgren, 1976: 103, f. 18.30-33 (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Millidge, 1977: 17, f. 52 (m)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Roberts, 1987: 76, f. 32e, 38b (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 256, f. 682 (mf)

Thyreosthenius biovatus Castellucci et al., 2023: 28, f. 1a-b, 2 (f)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851) | | North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:012919

Erigone parasitica Westring, 1851: 45 (Df) Original description

Erigone synophrys Thorell, 1871a: 139 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064891]

Walckenaera beckii O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871a: 460, pl. 57, f. 44 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064890]

Porrhomma parasiticum Simon, 1884a: 372

Plaesiocraerus becki Simon, 1884a: 764, f. 663-666 (m, Df)

Diciphus becki Dahl, 1886: 87

Tapinocyba beckii Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 130, pl. 5, f. 9 (mf)

Plaesiocraerus becki Becker, 1896: 145, pl. 12, f. 2 (mf)

Diplocephalus beckii Smith, 1901a: 360, p. 359: f. 2l (m)

Tapinocyba beckii Smith, 1901b: 9, f. 2i (f)

Tapinocyba beckii Bösenberg, 1902: 205, pl. 18, f. 285 (mf)

Diplocephalus becki Lessert, 1910b: 154

Thyreosthenius becki Simon, 1926: 393, 499, f. 695-698 (mf, S of Erigone synophrys)

Troxochrus sulcatus Simon, 1926: 369, 492 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064889]

Monocephalus turgidus Hull, 1933: 108 (misidentified per Holm, 1945b: 21)

Hormathion limnatum Crosby & Bishop, 1933b: 161, pl. 8, f. 205-210 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064888]

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Holm, 1945b: 20 (T from Porrhomma, S of Lophocarenum becki [removed from S of Monocephalus turgidus, rejecting Hull, 1920b: 31 and Hull, 1933: 108])

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Hackman, 1952b: 73, f. 15a-c (mf, S of Hormathion limnatum)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 271, f. 164E-F, 165A-B, D, F (mf)

Monocephalus parasiticus Tullgren, 1955: 375, f. 76a-f (mf, T from Thyreosthenius)

Hormathium limnatum Bonnet, 1957: 2236 (unjustified emendation)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Brændegaard, 1958: 50, f. 47 (f, T from Monocephalus)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Wiehle, 1960a: 420, f. 767-775 (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Miller, 1971: 272, pl. LVII, f. 16-17 (m)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Palmgren, 1976: 103, f. 18.25-29 (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Millidge, 1977: 56 (S of Troxochrus sulcatus)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Millidge, 1984b: 250, f. 104 (f)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Roberts, 1987: 76, f. 32d, 38a (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Polenec, 1987: 83, f. 5-6 (f)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Tanasevitch, 1990: 104, f. 23.24, 24.13-14, 28.15 (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 256, f. 683 (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Agnarsson, 1996: 95, f. 91A-C (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Paquin & Dupérré, 2006: 18, f. 37-40 (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Ono, Matsuda & Saito, 2009: 261, f. 26-27 (mf)

Thyreosthenius parasiticus Lecigne, 2016d: 27, f. 13C (f)