Urozelotes rusticus L. Koch, 1872

SPECIES |   ACCEPTED   |   TYPE SPECIES

LSID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:028051

Permalink: https://wsc.psbrands-services.de/lsid/urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:028051

Described:

Distribution: Probably native to Europe/Mediterranean to temperate Asia. Introduced to both Americas, tropical Africa, Australia


Type Repository Provide information
  • Holotype: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019) Scotophaeus blepharotrichus Strand, 1915, 1 m (2890-107) -
  • Holotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA m (713) of Drassyllus blandus - (Chamberlin, 1922)
  • Holotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA f (720) of Drassyllus femoralis - (Chamberlin, 1922)
  • Holotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA m (593) of Drassyllus liopus - (Chamberlin, 1922)
  • Paratype: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019) Scotophaeus blepharotrichus Strand, 1915, 1 m (2891-107) -
  • Paratype: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019) Camillina gigas Schmidt, 1973, 1 f (25873-107) -
  • Syntype: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019) Melanophora pacifica Simon, 1899, 1 f (9904926-107) -
  • Syntype: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH), Hamburg, Germany (data base search of type material, 11.02.2019) f (A0003496) of Prosthesima pallida Keyserling, 1878 -
Taxonomic References
Melanophora rustica Canestrini & Pavesi, 1870: 27 (nomen nudum)
Prosthesima rustica L. Koch, 1872b: 309 (Df) Original description
Drassus razoumowskyi Pavesi, 1873a: 123, f. 3 (Dm)
Drassus cerdo Thorell, 1875a: 97 (Dm)
Drassus cerdo Thorell, 1875c: 90 (Dm)
Prosthesima larifuga Simon, 1878a: 90, pl. 14, f. 22 (Dm)
Prosthesima rustica Simon, 1878a: 93 (m)
Prosthesima pallida Keyserling, 1878a: 602, pl. 14, f. 22 (Df; preoccupied by O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874, see Zelotes tenuis)
Prosthesima rustica Bertkau, 1880b: 263, pl. 6, f. 3 (mf)
Drassus agelastus Keyserling, 1891: 35, pl. 1, f. 14 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056810]
Prosthesima blanda Banks, 1892a: 18, pl. 1, f. 57 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056812]
Prosthesima minima Banks, 1892a: 19, pl. 4, f. 69 (Df)
Prosthesima rustica Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 207, pl. 8, f. 4 (f)
Prosthesima completa Banks, 1898b: 219, pl. 13, f. 22 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056815]
Prosthesima lutea F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899a: 57, pl. 4, f. 16 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056820]
Melanophora pacifica Simon, 1899b: 412 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056823]
Prosthesima rustica Bösenberg, 1902: 313, pl. 29, f. 462 (mf)
Zelotes femoralis Banks, 1904b: 336, pl. 38, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056816]
Melanophora porteri Simon, 1904e: 89 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056826]
Drassodes pater Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 119, pl. 16, f. 483 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056824]
Drassodes rotundifoveatus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 120, pl. 16, f. 484 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056827]
Prosthesima rustica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1906a: 43, pl. B, f. 1 (f)
Melanophora rustica orientalis Simon, 1909e: 77 (Df)
Drassodes agelastus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 137
Zelotes blandus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 148
Zelotes completus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 148
Zelotes luteus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 150
Zelotes pallidus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 150
Zelotes porteri Petrunkevitch, 1911: 151
Zelotes razoumowskyi Simon, 1914: 156, 165, 218, f. 294, 341 (mf)
Scotophaeus blepharotrichus Strand, 1915c: 139 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056813]
Drassyllus blandus Chamberlin, 1922: 167
Drassyllus femoralis Chamberlin, 1922: 170
Drassyllus liopus Chamberlin, 1922: 170 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056819]
Camillina amnicola Tucker, 1923: 336, pl. 10, f. 56 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056811]
Haplodrassus magister Chamberlin, 1933a: 6, f. 11-12 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056821]
Drassyllus abdalbus Chamberlin, 1936b: 15, f. 31-32 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056809]
Zelotes rusticus Reimoser, 1937a: 36, f. 60, 74 (mf)
Urozelotes cardiogynus Mello-Leitão, 1938a: 111, f. 30 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056814]
Zelotes scutatus Mello-Leitão, 1939f: 529, f. 14-15 (Dm; preoccupied by O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, see Zelotes scrutatus) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056828]
Latonigena agelasta Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 216 (T from Drassodes)
Zelotes razoumovskyi Denis, 1947a: 60, pl. 3, f. 7 (f)
Drassyllus femoralis Kaston, 1948: 360, f. 1220-1222 (f, Dm)
Zelotes keyserlingi Roewer, 1951: 444 (replacement name for Prosthesima pallida Keyserling, 1878) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056818]
Zelotes paulistus Roewer, 1951: 444 (replacement name for Zelotes scutatus Mello-Leitão, 1939) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056825]
Zelotes rusticus Locket & Millidge, 1951: 112, f. 57A-B, E (mf)
Zelotes razoumovskyi Denis, 1952f: 121, f. 16-18 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Millidge & Locket, 1955: 171 (S of Drassyllus femoralis)
Gnaphosa scutata Roewer, 1955c: 369 (lapsus for Zelotes scutatus)
Drassodes agelasius Roewer, 1955c: 396 (lapsus)
Zelotes rusticus Buchar, 1961: 90, f. 1C (f)
Zelotes rusticus Oltean, 1962: 576, f. 1 (f)
Zelotes rusticus Jézéquel, 1962b: 603, f. 25 (f)
Drassodes malodes Tikader, 1962e: 572, f. 2a-c (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056822]
Zelotes rusticus Brændegaard, 1966: 113, f. 96 (f)
Zelotes rusticus Tystshenko, 1971: 101, f. 213 (f)
Camillina gigas Schmidt, 1973: 362, f. 3 (Df; not m, f. 4a-b = Setaphis gomerae) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056817]
Zelotes rusticus Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 8 (S of Drassyllus abdalbus, D. blandus, D. liopus and Haplodrassus magister)
Zelotes rusticus Shinkai & Hara, 1975: 17, f. 1 (f)
Zelotes scutatus Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 5 (T from Gnaphosa)
Zelotes rusticus Shinkai, 1977: 333, f. 15 (f)
Zelotes rusticus Shinkai, 1978: 103, f. 43-44 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Paik, 1978e: 425, f. 192.1-3 (f)
Drassodes malodes Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 66, f. 112-114 (f)
Drassodes malodes Tikader, 1982b: 397, f. 230-232 (f)
Zelotes rusticus Hayashi, 1983a: 13, f. 16-23 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Platnick & Murphy, 1984: 24, f. 55-58 (mf, T from Zelotes, S of Camillina amnicola, C. gigas, Latonigena agelasta, Drassodes malodes, Urozelotes cardiogynus, Zelotes completus, Z. keyserlingi, Z. luteusZ. pacificus, Z. paulistus, Z. porteri and Z. scutatus)
Zelotes rusticus Grimm, 1985: 221, f. 217b, 218b, 244, 272-273 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Roberts, 1985: 72, f. 26d (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Heiss & Allen, 1986: 52, f. 85-86 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Platnick & Song, 1986: 20, f. 75-78 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Yaginuma, 1986a: 191, f. 106.5 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Paik, 1986d: 36, f. 53-63 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Zhang, 1987: 188, f. 160 (f)
Zelotes rusticus Chikuni, 1989b: 120, f. 12 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 446, f. 1184 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 138, f. 216-219 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Noordam, 1992: 9 (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Roberts, 1995: 112, f. (mf)
Zelotes rusticus Roberts, 1998: 116, f. (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Kamura, 1998: 169 (S of Drassodes pater and D. rotundifoveatus)
Zelotes rusticus Levy, 1998c: 143, f. 108-111 (mf, S of Scotophaeus blepharotrichus)
Urozelotes rusticus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 456, f. 265H, R (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 359, f. 234A-D (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Namkung, 2002: 485, f. 37.26a-b (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Namkung, 2003: 488, f. 37.26a-b (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 240, f. 140A-D (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Trotta, 2005: 166, f. 291-292 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Jung et al., 2005: 197, f. 39-40, 77, 138-139 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Murphy, 2007: 37, f. 192-193 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Kamura, 2009: 493, f. 156-158 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Crespo et al., 2009b: 344, f. 3a-c (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Wunderlich, 2011: 37, 404, f. 20-22, 11-12 (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Yin et al., 2012: 1206, f. 643a-f (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Kim & Lee, 2013: 135, f. 94A-E (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 672, f. 9E, 13D, 17A, 22A, 27A (m)
Urozelotes rusticus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021D: 30, 6 f. (mf)
Urozelotes rusticus Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 246, f. 181A-G (mf)
References

Banks, N. (1892a). The spider fauna of the Upper Cayuga Lake Basin. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 44: 11-81, pl. 1-5. -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1898b). Arachnida from Baja California and other parts of Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (3) 1(7): 205-309. -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1904b). Some Arachnida from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (3) 3: 331-376. -- Show included taxa

Bertkau, P. (1880b). Verzeichniss der bisher bei Bonn beobachteten Spinnen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 37: 215-343, pl. 6, Correspondenzblatt 154-161, Sitzungsberichte 282-285. -- Show included taxa

Bösenberg, W. (1902). Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14(2-4): 97-384, pl. 9-36. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.6508 -- Show included taxa

Bösenberg, W. & Strand, E. (1906). Japanische Spinnen. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 30: 93-422. -- Show included taxa

Brændegaard, J. (1966). Edderkopper eller spindlere I. Danmarks Fauna 72: 1-224. -- Show included taxa

Buchar, J. (1961). Revision des vorkommens von seltenen Spinnenarten auf dem Gebiete von Böhmen. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica 1961: 87-101. -- Show included taxa

Canestrini, G. & Pavesi, P. (1870). Catalogo sistematico degli Araneidi italiano. Archivi per la Zoologia Anatomia e Fisiologia Bologna (2) 2: 60-64 (separate, pp. 1-44, pl. 3-4). -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. (1922). The North American spiders of the family Gnaphosidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35: 145-171. -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. (1933a). Four new spiders of the family Gnaphosidae. American Museum Novitates 631: 1-7. -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. (1936b). Further records and descriptions of North American Gnaphosidae. American Museum Novitates 853: 1-25. -- Show included taxa

Chikuni, Y. (1989b). Pictorial encyclopedia of spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publishing Co. Tokyo, 310 pp. -- Show included taxa

Chyzer, C. & Kulczyński, W. (1897). Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. Academia Scientarum Hungaricae Budapest, pp. 147-366, Pl. VI-X. -- Show included taxa

Crespo, L., Cardoso, P., Silva, I. & Menezes, D. (2009b). Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the Selvagens Islands (Portugal): additions to the current knowledge. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 45: 343-348. -- Show included taxa

Denis, J. (1947a). Results of the Armstrong College expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan desert), 1935. Spiders [Araneae]. Bulletin de la Société Fouad 1er d'Entomologie 31: 17-103, pl. 1-6. -- Show included taxa

Denis, J. (1952f). Notes d'aranéologie marocaine. I. Les Zelotes du Maroc. Revue Française d'Entomologie 19: 113-126. -- Show included taxa

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021D). The Gnaphosidae of South Africa. Part 3 (T-X). Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 65 pp. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7197741 -- Show included taxa

Grimm, U. (1985). Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida, Araneae). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 26: 1-318. -- Show included taxa

Hayashi, T. (1983a). Three spiders of genus Zelotes from Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Atypus 82: 9-18. -- Show included taxa

Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. (1991). Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. -- Show included taxa

Heiss, J. S. & Allen, R. T. (1986). The Gnaphosidae of Arkansas. Bulletin, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas 885: 1-67. -- Show included taxa

Jézéquel, J. F. (1962b). Contribution à l'étude des Zelotes femelles (Araneidea [sic], Labidognatha, Gnaphosidae) de la fauna française (2e note). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (2) 33: 594-610. -- Show included taxa

Jung, B. G., Kim, J. P., Song, R. J., Jung, J. W. & Park, Y. C. (2005). A revision of family Gnaphosidae Pocock, 1898 from Korea. Korean Arachnology 21: 163-233. -- Show included taxa

Kamura, T. (1998). Taxonomic notes on Gnaphosidae (Araneae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 47(2): 169-171. doi: 10.2476/asjaa.47.169 -- Show included taxa

Kamura, T. (2009). Trochanteriidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae, Corinnidae. In: Ono, H. (ed.) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 482-500, 551-557. -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. -- Show included taxa

Keyserling, E. (1878a). Spinnen aus Uruguay und einigen anderen Gegenden Amerikas. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 27: 571-624, pl. 14. -- Show included taxa

Keyserling, E. (1891). Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg 3, 1-278. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.64832 -- Show included taxa

Kim, S. T. & Lee, S. Y. (2013). Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Mimetidae, Uloboridae, Theridiosomatidae, Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae, Pisauridae, Gnaphosidae. Spiders. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea 21(23): 1-183. -- Show included taxa

Koch, L. (1872b). Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachnidenfauna Tirols. Zweite Abhandlung. Zeitschrift des Ferdinandeums für Tirol und Vorarlberg (3) 17: 239-328. -- Show included taxa

Levy, G. (1998c). The ground-spider genera Setaphis, Trachyzelotes, Zelotes, and Drassyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 44: 93-158. -- Show included taxa

Locket, G. H. & Millidge, A. F. (1951). British spiders. Vol. I. Ray Society, London, 310 pp. -- Show included taxa

Mello-Leitão, C. F. de (1938a). Algunas arañas nuevas de la Argentina. Revista del Museo de La Plata (N.S) 1: 89-118. -- Show included taxa

Mello-Leitão, C. F. de (1939f). Algumas aranhas de S.-Paulo e Santa Catarina. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 12: 523-531. -- Show included taxa

Mello-Leitão, C. F. de (1943a). Catálogo das aranhas do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 37: 147-245, 24 pls. -- Show included taxa

Millidge, A. F. & Locket, G. H. (1955). New and rare British spiders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 8(87): 161-173. doi: 10.1080/00222935508655626 -- Show included taxa

Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society St Neots, Cambridgeshire 1, i-xii, 1-92; 2, i-ii, 93-605. -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (2002). The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co. Seoul, 648 pp. [[2001 in the book, but publ. in 2002 per Platnick]] -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (2003). The Spiders of Korea, 2nd. ed. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co. Seoul, 648 pp. -- Show included taxa

Noordam, A. (1992). Gnaphosidae (Araneae) of the Netherlands, drawings, some notes, and some thoughts about ant-mimicry. Published by the author Leiden, Netherlands, viii & 16 pp. -- Show included taxa

Oltean, C. (1962). Contribution à la connaissance de la répartition des aranéides dans les régions de Bucarest et de Dobrogea. Studii şi Cercetăride Biologie, Seria Biologie Animală 4: 575-584. -- Show included taxa

Paik, K. Y. (1978e). Araneae. Illustrated Fauna and Flora of Korea 21: 1-548. -- Show included taxa

Paik, K. Y. (1986d). Korean spiders of the genera Zelotes, Trachyzelotes and Urozelotes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Korean Arachnology 2(2): 23-46. -- Show included taxa

Pavesi, P. (1873a). Catalogo sistematico dei ragni del cantone ticino con la loro distribuzione orizzontale e verticale e cenni sulla araneologia elvetica. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 4: 5-215. -- Show included taxa

Petrunkevitch, A. (1911). A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1899a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London 2, 41-88, pl. 2-6. [[for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011]] -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1906a). On new and rare British Arachnida. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club 26(1905): 40-74. [[published on May 6, 1906, after Sykes, 1941]] -- Show included taxa

Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1975a). A revision of the spider genus Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 155: 1-66. -- Show included taxa

Platnick, N. I. & Murphy, J. A. (1984). A revision of the spider genera Trachyzelotes and Urozelotes (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates 2792: 1-30. -- Show included taxa

Platnick, N. I. & Song, D. X. (1986). A review of the zelotine spiders (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) of China. American Museum Novitates 2848: 1-22. -- Show included taxa

Platnick, N. I. & Dondale, C. D. (1992). The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 19. The ground spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication 1875: 1-297. -- Show included taxa

Reimoser, E. (1937a). Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. 16. Familie: Gnaphosidae oder Plattbauchspinnen. 17. Familie: Anyphaenidae oder Zartspinnen. 18. Familie: Clubionidae oder Röhrenspinnen. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 1-99. -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1985). The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books Colchester, England, 229 pp. -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1995). Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins London, 383 pp. -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1998). Spinnengids. Tirion Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp. -- Show included taxa

Rodrigues, B. V. B. & Rheims, C. A. (2020b). Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Prodidominae (Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190(2): 654-708. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa013 -- Show included taxa

Roewer, C. F. (1951). Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 32: 437-456. -- Show included taxa

Roewer, C. F. (1955c). Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex). Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1751 pp. -- Show included taxa

Schmidt, G. (1973). Zur Spinnenfauna von Gran Canaria. Zoologische Beiträge (N.F.) 19: 347-391. -- Show included taxa

Shinkai, E. & Hara, K. (1975). Spiders from the Chichibu district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Atypus 65: 7-18. -- Show included taxa

Shinkai, E. (1977). Spiders of Tokyo III. Acta Arachnologica 27(Spec. No.): 321-336. doi: 10.2476/asjaa.27.Specialnumber_321 -- Show included taxa

Shinkai, E. (1978). Spiders of Hachioji City, Tokyo 1. List and distribution. Memoirs of the Education Institute for Private Schools in Japan, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 56: 79-109. -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1878a). Les arachnides de France. Tome quatrième, contenant la famille des Drassidae. Roret, Paris, 334 pp., pl. 14-16. -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1899b). Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). Arachnoideen. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 12(4): 411-437. -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1904e). Etude sur les arachnides du Chili recueillis en 1900, 1901 et 1902, par MM. C. Porter, Dr Delfin, Barcey Wilson et Edwards. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 48: 83-114. -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1909e). Etude sur les arachnides du Tonkin (1re partie). Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 42: 69-147. -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1914). Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 1re partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 1-308. -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999). The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House Shijiazhuang, 640 pp. -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (2001). The Fauna of Hebei, China: Araneae. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House Shijiazhuang, 510 pp. -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Zhang, F. (2004). Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 39: Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae. Science Press, Beijing, 362 pp. -- Show included taxa

Strand, E. (1915c). Dritte Mitteilung über Spinnen aus Palästina, gesammelt von Herrn Dr J. Aharoni. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 81(A2): 134-171. -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1875a). Diagnoses Aranearum Europaearum aliquot novarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 18: 81-108. -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1875c). Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 13(5): 1-204. -- Show included taxa

Tikader, B. K. (1962e). On two new species of spiders of the genera Scotophaeus and Drassodes (family Gnaphosidae) from West Bengal. Proceedings of the First All-India Congress of Zoology 1959 1: 570-573. -- Show included taxa

Tikader, B. K. & Biswas, B. (1981). Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity: Part-I. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 30: 1-149. -- Show included taxa

Tikader, B. K. (1982b). Part 2. Family Gnaphosidae. In: The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 295-536. -- Show included taxa

Trotta, A. (2005). Introduzione al ragni italiani (Arachnida Araneae). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 83: 3-178. doi: 10.4081/memorieSEI.2004.3 -- Show included taxa

Tucker, R. W. E. (1923). The Drassidae of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 19(2): 251-437, pl. 8-11. -- Show included taxa

Tystshenko, V. P. (1971). Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj chasti SSSR. Leningrad, 281 pp. -- Show included taxa

Ubick, D. & Roth, V. D. (1973a). Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states. American Arachnology 9(suppl. 2): 1-12. -- Show included taxa

Wunderlich, J. (2011). Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 6: 1-640. -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1986a). Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.). Hoikusha Publishing Co. Osaka, 305 pp., 64 pls. -- Show included taxa

Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012). Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press Changsha, 1590 pp. -- Show included taxa

Zhang, W. S. (ed.) (1987). [Farm spiders from Hebei Province]. Hebei University of Science and Technology Press, 299 pp. -- Show included taxa

Zhang, F., Peng, J. Y. & Zhang, B. S. (2022). Spiders of Mt. Xiaowutai. Science Press, Beijing, 387 pp. [[pdf in three parts]] -- Show included taxa

External Resource References

* Disclaimer
As External Resources, the World Spider Catalog links here to species pages of other databases. They may contain further information for the given species. The databases, listed as External Resources, however, are not managed by World Spider Catalog and the information given there is not necessarily in agreement with the World Spider Catalog. All responsibility for such data is with the external database.

Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C.: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.nmbe.ch. Version 05.2018. doi: 10.24436/1

GBIF.org (2019). GBIF Home Page (via GBIF API). Available from: https://www.gbif.org [1 September 2019]

Edit History
Date Type Reference Old value Comment
2023-02-27 New taxonomic reference entry Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021D
2022-11-18 New taxonomic reference entry Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022
2020-10-03 New taxonomic reference entry Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b
2017-07-01 New taxonomic reference entry Crespo et al., 2009b
2015-02-11 New taxonomic reference entry Kim & Lee, 2013

Sponsors