Phidippus audax Hentz, 1845

SPECIES |   ACCEPTED   |   TYPE SPECIES

LSID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035430

Permalink: https://wsc.psbrands-services.de/lsid/urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035430

Described:

Distribution: Canada, USA, Mexico. Introduced to Hawaii, Azores, India (Nicobar Is.)


Type Repository Provide information
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus alchymista C. L. Koch, 1846, (1638) -
  • Holotype: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, USA f of Phidippus bryantae - (Kaston, 1945a)
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus togatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1637, 1637a) -
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus electus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1647) -
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus elegans C. L. Koch, 1846, (1645) -
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus lunulatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1648) -
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus smaragdifer C. L. Koch, 1846, (1639, 1639a) -
  • Neotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA m - (Edwards, 1994)
  • Neotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA m of Salticus variegatus - (Edwards, 1994)
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus concinnatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1636, 1636a–b) -
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus mundulus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1646) -
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus dubiosus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1643, 1643a) -
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019) Phidippus personatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1644, 1644e) -
Taxonomic References
Salticus variegatus Lucas, 1833b: 478, pl. 18, f. 1 (Dm; nomen oblitum)
Attus morsitans Walckenaer, 1837: 432 (Df; nomen oblitum, considered a nomen dubium by Edwards, 2004: 72)
Attus audax Hentz, 1845: 199, pl. 17, f. 6-7 (Dm) Original description
Phidippus togatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 129, f. 1189 (Df)
Attus tripunctatus Hentz, 1846: 355, pl. 21, f. 8 (Df)
Attus fasciolatus Hentz, 1846: 356, pl. 12, f. 11 (Dm)
Phidippus variegatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 125, f. 1186 (m)
Phidippus smaragdifer C. L. Koch, 1846: 128, f. 1188 (Df)
Phidippus alchymista C. L. Koch, 1846: 131, f. 1190 (Df)
Phidippus rufimanus C. L. Koch, 1846: 132, f. 1191 (Df)
Phidippus lunulatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 133, f. 1192 (Dm)
Phidippus dubiosus C. L. Koch, 1846: 135, f. 1193 (Dj)
Phidippus mundulus C. L. Koch, 1846: 137, f. 1195-1196 (Dm)
Phidippus personatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 141, f. 1199 (Df)
Phidippus elegans C. L. Koch, 1846: 142, f. 1200 (Df)
Phidippus electus C. L. Koch, 1846: 144, f. 1201 (Df)
Phidippus concinnatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 145, f. 1202 (Dm)
Attus morsitans Walckenaer, 1847a: 417 (Dm)
Attus tripunctatus Peckham & Peckham, 1883: 33, pl. 3, f. 25 (mf)
Phidippus audax Peckham & Peckham, 1886: 298
Phidippus morsitans Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 11, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dmf)
Phidippus rauterbergii Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 22, pl. 1, f. 8, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df)
Phidippus mexicanus Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 23, pl. 2, f. 7 (Dm)
Philaeus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 26, pl. 3, f. 16 (Df)
Phidippus tripunctatus Emerton, 1891: 227, pl. 16, f. 5 (mf)
Megatimus severus Thorell, 1891: 130 (Df)
Megatimus severus Workman & Workman, 1894: 13, pl. 13 (f)
Phidippus morsitans Peckham & Peckham, 1896: 23, pl. 2, f. 4 (f)
Phidippus howardii Peckham & Peckham, 1896: 34, pl. 2, f. 7 (Dm)
Phidippus mexicanus Banks, 1898b: 280 (Df)
Phidippus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 287
Phidippus rauterbergi Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 295, pl. 24, f. 6 (f)
Phidippus morsitans Tullgren, 1901a: 25
Phidippus howardi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 285, pl. 27, f. 8 (m)
Phidippus mexicanus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 286, pl. 27, f. 10 (m)
Dendryphantes morsitans Simon, 1901a: 625
Dendryphantes severus Simon, 1901a: 625
Dendryphantes variegatus Simon, 1901a: 625
Phidippus tripunctatus Emerton, 1902: 51, f. 136 (mf)
Phidippus audax Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 389, pl. 29, f. 2 (mf)
Phidippus variegatus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 390, pl. 29, f. 1 (mf)
Phidippus howardi Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 391, pl. 29, f. 3 (m)
Phidippus rauterbergi Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 429, pl. 34, f. 7 (f)
Phidippus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 430, pl. 30, f. 5 (f)
Dendryphantes audax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 622
Dendryphantes farneus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 629
Dendryphantes howardi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 632
Dendryphantes mexicanus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 636
Dendryphantes rauterbergi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 641
Phidippus audax Comstock, 1912: 681, f. 753
Phidippus variegatus Bryant, 1942c: 694, f. 15-16 (mf)
Phidippus audax Chickering, 1944: 189, f. 92-96 (mf)
Phidippus variegatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 209, f. 29 (f)
Phidippus bryantae Kaston, 1945a: 12, f. 84-85 (Df)
Phidippus audax Kaston, 1948: 482, f. 1767-1770, 1785-1788, 2072 (mf)
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 1971e: 454 (Tmf from Dendryphantes per Roewer)
Phidippus farneus Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (Tf from Dendryphantes)
Phidippus howardi Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (Tm from Dendryphantes)
Phidippus mexicanus Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (Tmf from Dendryphantes)
Phidippus rauterbergi Prószyński, 1971e: 456 (Tmf from Dendryphantes per Roewer)
Phidippus variegatus Prószyński, 1971e: 456 (Tmf from Dendryphantes)
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 1976: 149, f. 49, 84 (mf)
Phidippus rauterbergi Prószyński, 1976: 149, f. 52 (f)
Phidippus audax Richman, 1977: 10 (S)
Phidippus audax Oehler, 1980: 6, f. 17-23 (mf)
Phidippus audax Kim, 1987: 99, f. 4-6 (f)
Phidippus audax Breene et al., 1993: 70, f. 56A-C (mf)
Phidippus audax Maddison, 1996: 332, f. 41, 67, 75 (mf)
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 2002: 239, f. 77-78 (f)
Phidippus audax Edwards, 2004: 72, f. C32-36, 237-243 (mf, S)
Phidippus audax Wunderlich, 2008f: 719, f. 60-62 (mf)
Phidippus audax Maddison et al., 2016: 8, f. 13 (m)
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 2017b: 94, f. 41O, 42S (mf)
References

Banks, N. (1898b). Arachnida from Baja California and other parts of Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (3) 1(7): 205-309. -- Show included taxa

Breene, R. G., Dean, D. A., Nyffeler, M. & Edwards, G. B. (1993). Biology, Predation Ecology, and Significance of Spiders in Texas Cotton Ecosystems with a Key to Species. Texas Agriculture Experiment Station College Station, 115 pp. -- Show included taxa

Bryant, E. B. (1942c). Descriptions of certain North American Phidippus. American Midland Naturalist 28: 693-707. -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W. (1944). Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah 35(9): 1-267. -- Show included taxa

Chickering, A. M. (1944). The Salticidae of Michigan. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 29: 139-222. -- Show included taxa

Comstock, J. H. (1912). The spider book; a manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits. Garden City New York, pp. 1-721. -- Show included taxa

Edwards, G. B. (2004). Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: 1-156. -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1891). New England spiders of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 8: 220-252, pl. 16-21. -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.5617 -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1845). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5(2): 189-202, pl. 16-17. -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1846). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5: 352-370, pl. 21-22. -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1945a). New spiders in the group Dionycha with notes on other species. American Museum Novitates 1290: 1-25. -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. -- Show included taxa

Kim, J. P. (1987). Notes on the three species of American spiders (Araneae: Agelenidae, Salticidae). Korean Arachnology 3: 97-102. -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1846). Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg, Dreizehnter Band, pp. 1-234, pl. 433-468 (f. 1078-1271); Vierzehnter Band, pp. 1-88, pl. 467-480 (f. 1272-1342). doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.43744 [[for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b]] -- Show included taxa

Lucas, H. (1833b). Mémoire sur plusieurs Arachnides nouvelles appartenant au genre Atte de M. de Walckenaer. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 2: 476-482, pl. 18. -- Show included taxa

Maddison, W. P. (1996). Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 154: 215-368. -- Show included taxa

Maddison, W. P., Maddison, D. R., Zhang, J. X. & Szűts, T. (2016). Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 549: 1-12. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.549.6171 -- Show included taxa

Oehler, C. M. (1980). Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in the Cincinnati region of Ohio, including Butler, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties. Ohio Biological Survey Notes 13: 1-36. -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1883). Descriptions of new or little known spiders of the family Attidae from various parts of the United States of North America. Milwaukee, 35 pp., 3 pls. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.136491 -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1886). Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 6: 255-342, tab. 1-4. -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1888). Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 7: 1-104, pl. 1-6. -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1896). Spiders of the family Attidae from Central America and Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 3: 1-101, pl. 1-7. -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1901a). Spiders of the Phidippus group of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 13: 282-358. -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1909). Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 16(1, 5): 355-646, pl. 29-51. -- Show included taxa

Petrunkevitch, A. (1911). A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1901a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London, 2, pp. 193-312, pl. 15-30. [[for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011]] -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (1971e). Catalogue of Salticidae (Aranei) specimens kept in major collections of the world. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 28: 367-519. -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (1976). Studium systematyczno-zoogeograflczne nad rodziną Salticidae (Aranei) Regionów Palearktycznego i Nearktycznego. Wyższa Szkola Pedagogiczna Siedlcach 6: 1-260. [[pdf is made from a reprint from 1979]] -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (2002). Remarks on Salticidae (Aranei) from Hawaii, with description of Havaika gen.n. Arthropoda Selecta 10: 225-241. -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133. doi: 10.37828/em.2017.12.1 -- Show included taxa

Richman, D. B. (1977). [Review of] Studium systematyczno-zoogeograficzne nad rodzina Salticidae (Aranei) regionow Palearktycznego i Neartycznego, by J. Prószyński. Peckhamia 1: 9-11. -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1901a). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 381-668. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.51973 [[second pdf with detailed publication dates of the single parts]] -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1891). Spindlar från Nikobarerna och andra delar af södra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 24(2): 1-149. -- Show included taxa

Tullgren, A. (1901a). On the spiders collected in Florida by Dr. Einar Lönnberg 1892–93. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27(IV, 1): 1-29, 1 pl. -- Show included taxa

Walckenaer, C. A. (1837). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 682 pp., pl. 1-15. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.61095 [[plates in second pdf]] -- Show included taxa

Walckenaer, C. A. (1847a). Dernier Supplément. In: Walckenaer, C. A. & Gervais, P. (eds.) Histoire naturelles des Insects. Aptères. Tome quatrième. Roret, Paris, pp. 365-596 [Araneae: -564]. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.61095 -- Show included taxa

Workman, T. & Workman, M. E. (1894). Malaysian spiders. Belfast, pp. 9-24. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.101972 -- Show included taxa

Wunderlich, J. (2008f). Identification key to the European genera of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 5: 698-719, 868. -- Show included taxa

External Resource References

* Disclaimer
As External Resources, the World Spider Catalog links here to species pages of other databases. They may contain further information for the given species. The databases, listed as External Resources, however, are not managed by World Spider Catalog and the information given there is not necessarily in agreement with the World Spider Catalog. All responsibility for such data is with the external database.

Prószyński, J. (2016). Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2015. Part II. Global Species Database of Salticidae (Araneae). Version October 30th, 2016, online at http://www.salticidae.pl. download pdf

Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C.: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.nmbe.ch. Version 05.2018. doi: 10.24436/1

GBIF.org (2019). GBIF Home Page (via GBIF API). Available from: https://www.gbif.org [1 September 2019]

Edit History
Date Type Reference Old value Comment
2020-02-15 Species distribution update Old value
2020-02-15 Species distribution update Wunderlich, 2008f Old value
2017-09-20 New taxonomic reference entry Prószyński, 2017b
2016-01-27 New taxonomic reference entry Maddison et al., 2016

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