World Spider Catalog

Dipluridae Simon, 1889

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: possibly paraphyletic per Goloboff, 1993: 30; delimited to Diplurinae (genera Diplura, Harmonicon, Linothele, Trechona and Troglodiplura) and Masteriinae Simon, 1889 (genera Masteria, Siremata and Striamea) by Opatova et al., 2020: 696, elevation of the former subfamilies Ischnothelinae and Euagrinae and of the genus Microhexura to family level by Opatova et al., 2020: 697, 698.

In synonymy:

Achetopus Tullgren, 1905 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)

Euharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1920 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)

Evagrella Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)

Melodeus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Simon, 1903a: 963, sub Thalerothele)

Parathalerothele Canals, 1931 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 185, sub Achetopus)

Prosharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1938 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Bücherl, 1962a: 261, sub Harmonicon)

Pseudhermachura Mello-Leitão, 1927 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Bücherl, 1962a: 261, sub Harmonicon)

Taunayella Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)

Thalerothele Bertkau, 1880 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 159)

Gen. Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00031

type Mygale macrura C. L. Koch, 1841; gender feminine

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Thalerothele Bertkau, 1880a: 23 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05070] (type T. fasciata Bertkau, 1880 = Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857)), Harmonicon F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 [but see below] (and thereby of Pseudohermachura Mello-Leitão, 1927c: 402 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05068] (type P. catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1927) and Prosharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1938b: 313 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05067] (type P. maculatum Mello-Leitão, 1938 = Diplura catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1927)) per Bücherl, 1962a: 261, contra Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 231, who considered the latter name a junior synonym of Parathalerothele Canals, 1931), Achetopus Tullgren, 1905: 14 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05060] (type A. erlandi Tullgren, 1905), Euharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1920b: 60 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05063] (type E. studiosum Mello-Leitão, 1920), Evagrella Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 87 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05064] (type E. garbei Mello-Leitão, 1923) and Taunayella Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 97 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05069] (type T. taunayi Mello-Leitão, 1923) by Raven, 1985a: 74, but all species previously assigned to Diplura itself, except for the type species, D. macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841), and two others transferred to Rachias, were transferred by Raven (mostly without individual citations) to Linothele Karsch, 1879; Achetopus considered a senior synonym of Parathalerothele Canals, 1931b: 358 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05066] (type C. argentina Canals, 1931) by Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 185; Thalerothele considered a senior synonym of Melodeus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 758 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05653] (type M. sanguineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896, per Bonnet, 1957: 2764) by Simon, 1903a: 963; not a senior synonym of Harmonicon F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 (Maréchal & Marty, 1998, contra Raven, 1985a), see note under Harmonicon.

Transferred to other genera:

Diplura annectens (Bertkau, 1880) -- see Harpathele

Diplura gymnognatha Bertkau, 1880 -- see Harpathele

Diplura longipalpis Karsch, 1879 -- see Heterothele

In synonymy:

Diplura aurantiaca (Mello-Leitão, 1943) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 128, sub Thalerothele uniformis)

Diplura bicolor (Simon, 1889, T from Linothele) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 3)

Diplura fasciata (Bertkau, 1880) = Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 11)

Diplura maculata (Mello-Leitão, 1938, T from Prosharmonicon) = Diplura catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1927) (Bücherl, 1962a: 261, sub Harmonicon)

Diplura minensis (Mello-Leitão, 1926) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 128, sub Thalerothele uniformis)

Diplura nigridorsi (Mello-Leitão, 1924) = Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 11)

Diplura uniformis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 3)

Diplura argentina (Canals, 1931) | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000263

Parathalerothele argentina Canals, 1931b: 358, f. 1-5 (Dm) Original description

Achetopus argentinus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 187, f. 9-13 (m)

Diplura catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1927) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000264

Pseudhermachura catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1927c: 402 (Df) Original description

Prosharmonicon maculatum Mello-Leitão, 1938b: 313 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000271]

Pseudohermachura catharinensis Roewer, 1942a: 184 (lapsus)

Prosharmonicum maculatum Bonnet, 1958: 3780 (unjustified emendation)

Harmonicon catharinensis Bücherl, 1962a: 261 (S of Prosharmonicon maculatum)

Diplura catharinensis Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 69 (S of Prosharmonicon maculatum confirmed)

Diplura erlandi (Tullgren, 1905) | | Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000265

Achetopus erlandi Tullgren, 1905: 14, pl. 1, f. 3 (Dmf) Original description

Achetopus erlandi Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 185, f. 1-5 (m)

Diplura erlandi Bäckstam, 2015: 255, f. 1-14 (m)

Diplura garbei (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000267

Evagrella garbei Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 88, f. 35-36 (Df) Original description

Diplura garleppi (Simon, 1892) | | Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000268

Hapalothele garleppi Simon, 1892d: 284 (Df) Original description

Fufius garleppi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 753

Diplura garleppi Raven, 1985a: 135 (Tf from Fufius)

Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000269

Mygale lineata Lucas, 1857c: 14, f. 1a-c (Dm) Original description

Thalerothele fasciata Bertkau, 1880a: 24, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000266]

Diplura fasciata Simon, 1889m: 183

Thalerothele fasciata Simon, 1903a: 963

Thalerothele fasciata Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 101, f. 10 (f)

Harmonicon nigridorsi Mello-Leitão, 1924b: 186 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000273]

Thalerothele lineata Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 309

Harmonicon nigridorsi Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 315, f. 4 (f)

Paraharmonicon nigridorsi Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 316 (tentative generic name only)

Mygale lineata Roewer, 1955c: 1596 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium)

Harmonicum nigridorsum Bonnet, 1957: 1200 (unjustified emendation)

Harmonicon nigridorsi Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 122, f. 15-16 (Dm)

Diplura lineata Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 11, f. 14-25 (mf, S of Diplura fasciata and D. nigridorsi)

Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000270 TYPE SPECIES

Mygale macrura C. L. Koch, 1841b: 38, pl. 300, f. 715 (Dm) Original description

Diplura macrura C. L. Koch, 1850: 75

Diplura bicolor Simon, 1889m: 215 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000329]

Thalerothele uniformis Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 105, f. 4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000281]

Thalerothele minensis Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 314, f. 1-3 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055389]

Diplura bicolor Mello-Leitão, 1937a: 3, f. 3 (Dm)

Thalerothele aurantiaca Mello-Leitão, 1943b: 255 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055388]

Diplura bicolor Bücherl, 1957: 385, f. 12-12a (m)

Thalerothele uniformis Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 128, f. 12-14 (mf, S of Thalerothele aurantiaca and T. minensis)

Diplura macrura Raven, 1985a: 74, f. 18-23 (m)

Diplura macrura Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 3, f. 2-13 (mf, S of Linothele bicolor and Diplura uniformis)

Diplura mapinguari Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050385

Diplura mapinguari Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 59, f. 1-10, 28 (Dmf) Original description

Diplura nigra (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000272

Melodeus niger F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 759, pl. 33, f. 2, 5 (Df) Original description

Thalerothele nigra Petrunkevitch, 1911: 91

Thalerothele nigra Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 102, f. 12 (f)

Diplura nigra Brescovit, Sherwood & Lucas, 2021: 684, f. 2A-E, 3B-D, 9A-G, 10A-D, 11A-F, 12A-D (Dm, f)

Diplura paraguayensis (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1940) | | Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000274

Parathalerothele paraguayensis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1940: 105, pl. IX (Dm) Original description

Achetopus paraguayensis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 189, f. 6-8, 14-15 (m)

Achetopus paraguayensis Goloboff, 1982b: 103, f. 1 (Df)

Diplura paraguayensis Grismado & Goloboff, 2014a: 99, f. 11 (m)

Diplura parallela (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000275

Achetopus parallelus Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 99, f. 7-9 (Df) Original description

Diplura petrunkevitchi (Caporiacco, 1955) | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000276

Harmonicum petrunkevitchi Caporiacco, 1955: 269 (Df) Original description

Diplura riveti (Simon, 1903) | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000277

Harmonicon riveti Simon, 1903j: 314 (Dm) Original description

Harmonicon riveti Berland, 1913b: 83, pl. 7, f. 5-6 (m)

Diplura riveti Dupérré & Tapia, 2021: 266, f. 7A-B, 8A-D (m, misplaced in Diplura)

Diplura rodrigoi Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050386

Diplura rodrigoi Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 62, f. 11-20, 25 (Dmf) Original description

Diplura sanguinea (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000278

Melodeus sanguineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 758, pl. 33, f. 1, 4, 7, pl. 35, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Thalerothele sanguinea Simon, 1903a: 963

Thalerothele sanguinea Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 104, f. 11 (f)

Diplura sanguinea Brescovit, Sherwood & Lucas, 2021: 682, f. 1A-E, 3A, 4A-G, 5A-D, 6A-F, 7A-D, 8A-D (Dm, f)

Diplura sanguinea Sherwood et al., 2023h: 4, f. 2A-D (f)

Diplura studiosa (Mello-Leitão, 1920) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000279

Euharmonicon studiosum Mello-Leitão, 1920b: 60 (Dm) Original description

Euharmonicon studiosum Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 94, f. 19-22, 32-34 (m)

Euharmonicum studiosum Bonnet, 1956: 1811 (unjustified emendation)

Diplura taunayi (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000280

Taunayella taunayi Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 97, f. 13-16, 23 (Dmf) Original description