World Spider Catalog

Toxopidae Hickman, 1940

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: separation of Toxopidae from Desidae (genera Gasparia, Gohia, Hapona, Hulua, Laestrygones, Lamina, Myro, Neomyro, Ommatauxesis, Otagoa and Toxops) by Wheeler et al., 2017: 608-609; for former comments on the status of Toxops and related taxa see Jocqué, 1994b: 283; Toxopidae is divided in two subfamilies (Wheeler et al., 2017: 609): Toxopinae (Hapona, Jamara, Laestrygones, Lamina, Midgee, Toxops and Toxopsoides) and Myroinae (Gasparia, Gohia, Hulua, Neomyro, Myro, Ommatauxesis and Otagoa); Midgeeinae Davies, 1995 (Midgee and Jamara) are transferred from the Amaurobiidae and synonymized with Toxopinae; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 515

In synonymy:

Stiphidiellum Dalmas, 1917 = Laestrygones Urquhart, 1894 (Forster, 1955c: 186)

Gen. Laestrygones Urquhart, 1894 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01868

N.B.: the generic name appears grammatically to be a plural noun, but in the interests of stability it should be regarded as an arbitary combination of letters and as masculine singular; transferred from the Oxyopidae to the Toxopidae by Forster, 1964a: 147, to the Desidae by Forster, 1970b: 121; transfer to the Cycloctenidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; transferred from the Desidae to the Toxopidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 609; considered a senior synonym of Stiphidiellum Dalmas, 1917a: 325 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05042] (type Stiphidion minutissimum Hogg, 1909) (transferred from the Psechridae) by Forster, 1955c: 186.

In synonymy:

Laestrygones urquharti Bryant, 1933 = Laestrygones albiceris Urquhart, 1894 (Forster, 1964b: 87)

Laestrygones albiceris Urquhart, 1894 | | New Zealand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:021561

Lycosa proxima Urquhart, 1886: 201, pl. 8, f. 7 (Dmf, preoccupied)

Laestrygones albiceres Urquhart, 1894: 217 (Df) Original description

Laestrygones urquhartii Bryant, 1933b: 7, pl. 2, f. 18, pl. 4, f. 32, 38 (mf, replacement name for Lycosa proxima)

Laestrygones albiceres Bryant, 1933b: 7, pl. 3, f. 25, pl. 4, f. 43 (f)

Laestrygones albiceres Forster, 1964b: 87, f. 93-98 (f, S; S of L. minutissimus rejected)

Laestrygones albiceris Forster, 1970b: 122, f. 11, 339-341 (f)

Laestrygones albiceris Paquin, Vink & Dupérré, 2010: 83, f. 50.17-20 (mf)

Laestrygones chathamensis Forster, 1970 | | New Zealand (Chatham Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:021562

Laestrygones chathamensis Forster, 1970b: 124, f. 346-348 (Dm) Original description

Laestrygones minutissimus (Hogg, 1909) | | New Zealand (Auckland Is., Campbell Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:021563

Stiphidion minutissimum Hogg, 1909: 157, pl. 7, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Stiphidiellum minutissimum Dalmas, 1917a: 325

Laestrygones minutissimum Forster, 1955c: 186, f. 29-34 (f)

Laestrygones albiceres Forster, 1964b: 87 (S, rejected)

Laestrygones minutissimus Forster, 1970b: 124, f. 342-343, 353 (f, removed from S)

Laestrygones otagoensis Forster, 1970 | | New Zealand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:021564

Laestrygones otagoensis Forster, 1970b: 127, f. 334-338, 351-352 (Dmf) Original description

Laestrygones setosus Hickman, 1969 | | Australia (Tasmania) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:021565

Laestrygones setosus Hickman, 1969: 1, f. 1-9 (Dmf) Original description

Laestrygones westlandicus Forster, 1970 | | New Zealand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:021566

Laestrygones westlandicus Forster, 1970b: 126, f. 27, 344-345, 354 (Df) Original description