Phrurolithidae Banks, 1892

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: elevated to family status and relimited by Ramírez, 2014: 342; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 521, f. 19.

In synonymy:

Phruronellus Chamberlin, 1921 = Scotinella Banks, 1911 (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305)

Gen. Scotinella Banks, 1911 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02206
N.B.: transferred from the Liocranidae to the Corinnidae by Bosselaers & Jocqué, 2002: 265, to the Phrurolithidae by Ramírez, 2014: 343; considered a senior synonym of Phruronellus Chamberlin, 1921a: 69 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02201] (type Phrurolithus formica Banks, 1895) by Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305 (confirming Levi, 1951: 27 and Roth, 1985: 10); not a junior synonym of Phrurolithus C. L. Koch, 1839 (Kaston, 1972a, and more recent authors, contra Lehtinen, 1967: 263), see note under Phrurolithus.

Transferred to other genera:

Scotinella tinikitkita Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 -- see Koppe

In synonymy:

Scotinella absurda (Gertsch, 1941, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella floridae Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930 (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305)

Scotinella affinis (Banks, 1896, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella pugnata Emerton, 1890 (Chamberlin, 1921a: 70, sub Phruronellus)

Scotinella concisa (Gertsch, 1941, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella alata Ivie & Barrows, 1935 (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 307)

Scotinella delicatula (Gertsch, 1935) = Scotinella similis Banks, 1895 (Gertsch, 1941b: 1, sub Phrurolithus)

Scotinella pipensis (Muma, 1945, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella banksi Gertsch, 1941 (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 320)

Scotinella adjacens (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024288
Phrurolithus adjacens Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 18, f. 22-23 (Dm) Original description
Scotinella adjacens Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella alata (Ivie & Barrows, 1935) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024290
Phrurolithus alatus Ivie & Barrows, 1935: 20, pl. 8, f. 59-62 (Dmf) Original description
Phrurolithus concisus Gertsch, 1941b: 15, f. 31 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024300]
Scotinella alata Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 307, f. 6-10, 30-33 (mf, T from Phrurolithus, S of Phrurolithus concisus)
Scotinella apachea (Gertsch, 1941) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024291
Phrurolithus apacheus Gertsch, 1941b: 14, f. 17 (Df) Original description
Scotinella apachea Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 341, f. 141-144, 158-162 (Dm, f, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella approximata (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024293
Phrurolithus approximatus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 16, f. 29-30 (Dm) Original description
Scotinella approximatus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella banksi (Gertsch, 1941) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024294
Phrurolithus banksi Gertsch, 1941b: 4, f. 13-14 (Dm) Original description
Phrurolithus pipensis Muma, 1945: 100, pl. 10, f. 17 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024340]
Scotinella banksi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 320, f. 56-60, 81-84 (mf, T from Phrurolithus, S of Phrurolithus pipensis)
Scotinella bennetti Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060376
Scotinella bennetti Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 325, f. 66-67, 89-90 (Df) Original description
Scotinella britcheri (Petrunkevitch, 1910) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024398
Phrurolithus britcheri Petrunkevitch, 1910: 217, pl. 22, f. 23 (Df) Original description
Phrurolithus britcheri Kaston, 1948: 392, f. 1396 (f)
Phrurolithus britcheri Penniman, 1978: 125, f. 13 (f; other figs. see Scotinella pallida)
Scotinella britcheri Dondale & Redner, 1982: 154, f. 289, 292 (Dm, T from Phrurolithus; f see Scotinella pallida)
Scotinella brittoni (Gertsch, 1941) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024399
Phrurolithus formica Emerton, 1911: 403, pl. 6, f. 1a, c (mf; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 14)
Phrurolithus britcheri Gertsch, 1935b: 4, f. 7-8 (m; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 14)
Phrurolithus brittoni Gertsch, 1941b: 14, f. 34-36 (Dmf) Original description
Phrurolithus brittoni Kaston, 1948: 391, f. 1394-1395 (mf)
Scotinella brittoni Dondale & Redner, 1982: 159, f. 293-296 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella brittoni Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1679-1681 (mf)
Scotinella californica (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024360
Phruronellus californicus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 139, f. 11 (Df) Original description
Scotinella californica Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 306 (T from Phruronellus, by S of the genus)
Scotinella coahuilana (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024299
Phrurolithus coahuilanus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 16, f. 33-35 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella coahuilanus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella coylei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060379
Scotinella coylei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 343, f. 145-148, 163-167 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella custeri Levi, 1951 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024400
Scotinella custeri Levi & Levi, 1951: 229, f. 28 (Df) Original description
Scotinella debilis (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024305
Phrurolithus debilis Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 17, f. 26 (Df) Original description
Scotinella debilis Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella deleta (Gertsch, 1941) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024401
Phrurolithus deletus Gertsch, 1941b: 10, f. 28-29 (Dm) Original description
Scotinella deleta Dondale & Redner, 1982: 160, f. 301-302 (m, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella diversa (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024307
Phrurolithus diversus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 19, f. 20 (Df) Original description
Scotinella diversus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella divesta (Gertsch, 1941) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024402
Phrurolithus divestus Gertsch, 1941b: 6, f. 19-21 (Dmf) Original description
Phrurolithus divestus Kaston, 1948: 393, f. 1399-1400 (mf)
Scotinella divesta Dondale & Redner, 1982: 145, f. 266-268, 270 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella divesta Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1682-1684 (mf)
Scotinella divinula (Gertsch, 1941) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024403
Phrurolithus divinulus Gertsch, 1941b: 6, f. 7-9 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella divinula Dondale & Redner, 1982: 161, f. 303-306 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella divinula Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 326, f. 68-72, 91-94 (mf)
Scotinella dixiana Roddy, 1957 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024404
Scotinella dixiana Roddy, 1957: 288, f. 1, 3-4 (Dmf) Original description
Phrurolithus dixianus Brignoli, 1983c: 583 (T from Scotinella)
Scotinella dixiana Platnick, 1993c: 605 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella dixiana Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 330, f. 101-104, 120-124 (mf)
Scotinella elpotosi Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053730
Scotinella elpotosi Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288, f. 1-21 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella floridae (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024361
Phruronellus floridae Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 139, f. 12 (Df) Original description
Phrurolithus absurdus Gertsch, 1941b: 16, f. 32-33 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024287]
Scotinella floridae Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305, f. 1-5, 26-29 (mf, T from Phruronellus, S of Phrurolithus absurdus)
Scotinella formica (Banks, 1895) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024362
Phrurolithus formica Banks, 1895d: 81 (Dm) Original description
Phrurolithus formica Emerton, 1911: 403, pl. 6, f. 1, 1b, 1d-e (m, Df; f. 1a, c see Scotinella brittoni)
Phruronellus formica Chamberlin, 1921a: 69
Phruronellus formica Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 137, f. 1 (m)
Phruronellus formica Kaston, 1948: 391, f. 1391-1393 (mf)
Scotinella formica Kaston, 1977: 48
Scotinella formica Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 311, f. 16-20, 38-41 (mf, T from Phruronellus)
Scotinella formidabilis (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024363
Phruronellus formidabilis Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 137, f. 4-5 (Dm) Original description
Phrurolithus formidabilis Chickering, 1939: 80, f. 83-86 (m, Df)
Scotinella formidabilis Levi, 1951: 30
Scotinella formidabilis Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305 (T from Phruronellus, by S of the genus)
Scotinella fratrella (Gertsch, 1935) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024405
Phrurolithus fratrellus Gertsch, 1935b: 6, f. 21 (Df) Original description
Phrurolithus fratrellus Barrows & Ivie, 1942: 20, pl. 1, f. 6-7 (Dm)
Phrurolithus fratrellus Penniman, 1978: 125, f. 1-4, 9-12, 15-16 (mf)
Scotinella fratrella Dondale & Redner, 1982: 153, f. 285-288 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella fratella Rivera-Quiroz et al., 2020: 5, f. 3b (f, lapsus; = Dondale & Redner, 1982:  f. 288)
Scotinella fratrella Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 339, f. 137-140, 153-157 (mf)
Scotinella garman Chamé-Vázquez & Guzmán-García, 2023 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059224
Scotinella garman Chamé-Vázquez & Guzmán-García in Chamé-Vázquez, Guzmán-García & Maldonado-Carrizales, 2023: 454, f. 1-40, 59-60 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella gertschi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060375
Scotinella gertschi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 318, f. 51-55, 77-80 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella goodnighti (Muma, 1945) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024316
Phrurolithus goodnighti Gertsch, 1941b: 1, f. 4-5 (m; misidentified per Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 313)
Phrurolithus goodnighti Muma, 1945: 99, pl. 10, f. 14-16 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella goodnighti Levi, 1951: 28
Scotinella iviei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060374
Scotinella iviei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 316, f. 46-50, 73-76 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella madisonia Levi, 1951 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024406
Scotinella madisonia Levi, 1951: 27, f. 23, 27 (Df) Original description
Scotinella madisonia Levi & Field, 1954: 459, f. 79 (f)
Scotinella madisonia Dondale & Redner, 1982: 151, f. 281-284 (mf)
Scotinella manitou Levi, 1951 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024407
Scotinella manitou Levi, 1951: 28, f. 24-26, 28 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella manitou Levi & Field, 1954: 459, f. 81, 85 (mf)
Scotinella minnetonka (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024408
Phruronellus minnetonka Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 139, f. 13-15 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella minnetonka Levi, 1951: 28
Scotinella minnetonka Levi & Field, 1954: 459, f. 80, 88 (mf)
Scotinella minnetonka Dondale & Redner, 1982: 156, f. 297-300 (mf, T from Phruronellus)
Scotinella minnetonka Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1685-1687 (mf)
Scotinella pallida Banks, 1911 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024409
Scotinella pallida Banks, 1911: 442, pl. 34, f. 7 (Df) Original description
Phrurolithus britcheri Penniman, 1978: 125, f. 7-8, 14 (f; misidentified per Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 337)
Scotinella britcheri Dondale & Redner, 1982: 154, f. 290-291 (f; misidentified per Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 337)
Scotinella pallida Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 337, f. 135-136, 149-152 (f)
Scotinella pelvicolens (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024410
Phruronellus pelvicolens Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 138, f. 6-8 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella pelvicolens Levi & Levi, 1951: 229
Scotinella pelvicolens Kaston, 1961: 183, f. 11-12 (mf, T from Phruronellus)
Scotinella pennimani Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060377
Scotinella pennimani Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 328, f. 95-98, 113-117 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella picta (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024364
Phruronellus pictus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 138, f. 9-10 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella picta Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305 (T from Phruronellus, by S of the genus)
Scotinella pintura (Ivie & Barrows, 1935) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024339
Phrurolithus pinturus Ivie & Barrows, 1935: 22, pl. 8, f. 63-65 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella pintura Barnes, 1953: 17
Scotinella pintura Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 309, f. 11-15, 34-37 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella poncei Chamé-Vázquez & Maldonado-Carrizales, 2023 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059225
Scotinella poncei Chamé-Vázquez & Maldonado-Carrizales in Chamé-Vázquez, Guzmán-García & Maldonado-Carrizales, 2023: 459, f. 41-58, 61-62 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella pugnata (Emerton, 1890) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024411
Phrurolithus pugnatus Emerton, 1890: 188, pl. 6, f. 6 (Dmf) Original description
Phrurolithus affinis Banks, 1896e: 65 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060365]
Phruronellus pugnatus Chamberlin, 1921a: 69 (S of Phrurolithus affinis)
Phrurolithus pugnatus Gertsch, 1941b: 4, f. 22-24 (mf)
Phrurolithus pugnatus Kaston, 1948: 390, f. 1357-1359, 1390 (mf)
Scotinella pugnata Dondale & Redner, 1982: 147, f. 12, 258-265 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella pugnata Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1688-1690 (mf)
Scotinella redempta (Gertsch, 1941) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024412
Phruronellus similis Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: pl. 2, f. 2-3 (mf; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 2)
Phrurolithus redemptus Gertsch, 1941b: 2, f. 15-16, 18 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella redemptus Roddy, 1957: 288
Scotinella redempta Dondale & Redner, 1982: 150, f. 275-280 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella redempta Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 322, 61-65, 85-88 (mf)
Scotinella sculleni (Gertsch, 1941) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024413
Phrurolithus sculleni Gertsch, 1941b: 8, f. 25-27 (Dmf) Original description
Scotinella sculleni Dondale & Redner, 1982: 149, f. 269, 271-274 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella similis (Banks, 1895) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024346
Phrurolithus similis Banks, 1895d: 81 (Dm) Original description
Phrurolithus delicatulus Gertsch, 1935b: 2, f. 4-5 (Dm, f see Scotinella singula) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060366]
Phrurolithus similis Gertsch, 1941b: 1, f. 1-3 (m, Df, S of Phrurolithus delicatulus)
Phrurolithus similis Kaston, 1948: 392, f. 1397-1398 (mf)
Scotinella similis Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 335, f. 109-112, 130-134 (mf, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella singula (Gertsch, 1941) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024347
Phrurolithus delicatulus Gertsch, 1935b: 3, f. 6 (f; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 1)
Phrurolithus singulus Gertsch, 1941b: 1, f. 6 (Df, m see Scotinella goodnighti) Original description
Scotinella singula Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 313, f. 21-25, 42-45 (Dm, f, T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella tamaulipana (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024354
Phrurolithus tamaulipanus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 19, f. 32 (Dm) Original description
Scotinella tamaulipanus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella tepejicana (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024355
Phrurolithus tepejicanus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 18, f. 18-19 (Dm) Original description
Scotinella tepejicanus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus)
Scotinella thurstoni Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060378
Scotinella thurstoni Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 330, f. 99-100, 118-119 (Df) Original description

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