World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

Gen. Verrucosa McCook, 1888 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01574

N.B.: not a senior synonym of Pickardiana Mello-Leitão, 1943 (Levi, 1988: 472, contra Archer, 1951a: 20); not a senior synonym of Paraverrucosa Mello-Leitão, 1939 (Levi, 1991b: 370, contra Archer, 1951a: 20).

Transferred to other genera:

Verrucosa alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Alpaida

Verrucosa audax (Blackwall, 1863) -- see Parawixia

Verrucosa dimastophora Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see Wagneriana

Verrucosa furcifera (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Carepalxis

Verrucosa longicauda Mello-Leitão, 1947 -- see Paraverrucosa

Verrucosa rubronigra Mello-Leitão, 1939 -- see Rubrepeira

Verrucosa undulata (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia

In synonymy:

Verrucosa aequiangulus (Franganillo, 1930, T from Araneus) = Verrucosa arenata Walckenaer, 1841 (Levi, 1976: 359)

Verrucosa aequiangulus ochraceus (Franganillo, 1930, T from Araneus) = Verrucosa arenata Walckenaer, 1841 (Levi, 1976: 359)

Verrucosa mexicana (Lucas, 1833) = Verrucosa arenata Walckenaer, 1841 (Levi, 1976: 358)

Verrucosa alvarengai Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047468

Verrucosa alvarengai Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 90, f. 379-385 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa apuela Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047469

Verrucosa apuela Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 91, f. 386-393 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa arenata (Walckenaer, 1841) | | USA to Panama, Greater Antilles urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017098

Epeira mexicana Lucas, 1833c: 1, pl. 3 (Df; suppressed as a nomen oblitum by Levi, 1976: 358)

Epeira arenata Walckenaer, 1841: 133 (Dmf) Original description

Epeira verrucosa Hentz, 1850: 19, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df)

Acanthepeira verrucosa Marx, 1883: 22

Verrucosa arenata McCook, 1888a: 78

Mahadeva verrucosa Keyserling, 1892: 72, pl. 3, f. 56 (mf)

Verrucosa arenata McCook, 1894: 200, pl. 12, f. 6-7 (mf)

Araneus mexicanus Simon, 1895a: 809

Epeira verrucosa Emerton, 1902: 181, f. 421-423 (mf)

Verrucosa arenata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 482, pl. 45, f. 23-24 (mf)

Araneus arenatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 279

Araneus aequiangulus Franganillo, 1930: 26, f. 9 (Dmf)

Araneus aequiangulus ochraceus Franganillo, 1930: 28 (Df)

Verrucosa arenata Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 329, f. 211-212 (f)

Verrucosa arenata Levi, 1976: 358, f. 1-11 (mf, S of Verrucosa mexicana)

Verrucosa arenata Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 64 (m)

Verrucosa arenata Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 372, f. 10, 24 (mf)

Verrucosa arenata Levi, 2002: 540, f. 89-90, 257-259 (mf)

Verrucosa arenata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 11, f. 8-38 (mf)

Verrucosa arenata Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1015, f. 19F, 21A, 26G, 34, 40E-F, 46A, 47B, 51B, 54C, 58A, 60A, 62A, 64A, 72A-F, 102A, 106A-E (mf)

Verrucosa avilesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Ecuador, Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047466

Verrucosa avilesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 85, f. 365-371 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa bartica Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047470

Verrucosa bartica Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 93, f. 397-407 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa benavidesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia, Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047447

Verrucosa benavidesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 55, f. 229-235 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa brachiscapa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047454

Verrucosa brachiscapa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 65, f. 279-285 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa cachimbo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047440

Verrucosa cachimbo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 36, f. 139-157 (Dmf) Original description

Verrucosa cajamarca Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047471

Verrucosa cajamarca Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 93, f. 408-418 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa caninde Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047463

Verrucosa caninde Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 81, f. 344-350 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa canje Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047472

Verrucosa canje Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 96, f. 419-429 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa carara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Costa Rica urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047443

Verrucosa carara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 48, f. 201-207 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa chanchamayo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047452

Verrucosa chanchamayo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 63, f. 265-271 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa coroico Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047460

Verrucosa coroico Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 76, f. 321-327 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa cuyabenoensis Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Ecuador, Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047473

Verrucosa cuyabenoensis Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 96, f. 430-440 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa cuyuni Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047446

Verrucosa cuyuni Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 53, f. 222-228 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa cylicophora (Badcock, 1932) | | Brazil, Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047477

Araneus cylicophorus Badcock, 1932: 26, f. 18 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa cylicophora Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 17, f. 39-45 (f, removed from S of V. meridionalis, contra Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 41)

Verrucosa excavata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047449

Verrucosa excavata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 58, f. 243-249 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa florezi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047461

Verrucosa florezi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 78, f. 328-336 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa galianoae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047458

Verrucosa galianoae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 73, f. 307-313 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa guatopo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047445

Verrucosa guatopo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 51, f. 215-221 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa hoferi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047462

Verrucosa hoferi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 80, f. 337-343 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa lampra (Soares & Camargo, 1948) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017101

Epeiroides lamprus Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 370, f. 23-24 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa lampra Levi, 1989: 77 (Tf from Epeiroides)

Verrucosa lampra Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 18, f. 46-52, 85 (f)

Verrucosa lata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047457

Verrucosa lata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 71, f. 300-306 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa latigastra Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Guyana, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047444

Verrucosa latigastra Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 50, f. 208-214 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa levii Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047451

Verrucosa levii Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 62, f. 257-264 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa macarena Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047455

Verrucosa macarena Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 68, f. 286-292 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa manauara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047453

Verrucosa manauara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 65, f. 272-278 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa meridionalis (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017102

Mahadeva meridionalis Keyserling, 1892: 74, pl. 3, f. 57 (Df) Original description

Araneus meridionalis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 302

Aranea meridionalis Strand, 1916b: 113

Verrucosa meridionalis Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 41 (S, rejected)

Verrucosa meridionalis Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 20, f. 1, 53-84 (f, Dm)

Verrucosa meta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047450

Verrucosa meta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 60, f. 250-256 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa opon Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047464

Verrucosa opon Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 83, f. 351-357 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa pedrera Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047456

Verrucosa pedrera Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 70, f. 293-299 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa rancho Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047448

Verrucosa rancho Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 57, f. 236-242 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa reticulata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Panama, Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047478

Mahadiva reticulata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 54, pl. 3, f. 10 (Dm) Original description

Mahadeva reticulata Keyserling, 1892: 71, pl. 3, f. 55 (m)

Verrucosa reticulata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 26, f. 86-93 (m, removed from S of V. arenata)

Verrucosa rhea Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047476

Verrucosa rhea Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 102, f. 463-474 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa scapofracta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047442

Verrucosa scapofracta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 42, f. 2, 175-200 (Dmf) Original description

Verrucosa septemmammata Caporiacco, 1954 | | French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017103

Verrucosa septemmammata Caporiacco, 1954: 100, f. 22 (Df; misplaced per Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 104) Original description

Verrucosa sergipana Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047474

Verrucosa sergipana Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 99, f. 441-451 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa silvae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia, Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047465

Verrucosa silvae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 85, f. 358-364 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa simla Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Trinidad urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047475

Verrucosa simla Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 99, f. 452-462 (Dm) Original description

Verrucosa suaita Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047459

Verrucosa suaita Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 75, f. 314-320 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa tarapoa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047441

Verrucosa tarapoa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 39, f. 158-174 (Dmf) [and Erratum: p. 600] Original description

Verrucosa tuberculata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 | | Costa Rica, Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047467

Verrucosa tuberculata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 88, f. 372-378 (Df) Original description

Verrucosa undecimvariolata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Mexico to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042112

Mahadiva undecim-variolata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 53, pl. 3, f. 8-9 (Dmf) Original description

Mahadeva undecimvariolata Keyserling, 1892: 69, pl. 3, f. 54 (mf)

Verrucosa undecimvariolata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 483, pl. 45, f. 25-26 (mf)

Verrucosa undecimvariolata Levi, 1976: 360 (removed mf from S of V. arenata, contra Simon, 1895a: 809, sub V. mexicana)

Verrucosa undecimvariolata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 28, f. 94-120 (mf)

Verrucosa zebra (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017104

Mahadeva zebra Keyserling, 1892: 68, pl. 3, f. 53 (Df) Original description

Araneus zebra Simon, 1895a: 810, f. 864-865 (Dm)

Verrucosa zebra Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tmf from Araneus)

Verrucosa zebra Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015: 33, f. 121-138 (mf)