Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.

In synonymy:

Xizangia Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 = Xizangiana Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022 (Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022: 64, preoccupied, replacement name)

Homonym replaced:

Xizangia Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 -- see Xizangiana Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022 - in Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022

Gen. Xizangiana Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05213
N.B.: replacement name for Xizangia Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 243, 336 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03732], proccupied in fossil Foraminifera by Zhang, 1982 and in Coleoptera by Zhang, 1988; may be a junior synonym of Cladothela Kishida, 1928 per Murphy, 2007: 46 (sub Xizangia).

In synonymy:

Xizangiana himalayaensis (Hu, 2001, T from Scotophaeus) = Xizangiana linzhiensis Hu, 2001 (Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 244, sub Xizangia)

Xizangiana benae Liu & Zhang, 2023 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059198
Xizangiana benae Liu & Zhang in Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 461, f. 1C-D, 2I-J, 3G, 18A-D, 19A-D, 20C-D (mf) Original description
Xizangiana linzhiensis (Hu, 2001) | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038044
Callilepis linzhiensis Hu, 2001: 229, f. 123.1-4 (Df) Original description
Scotophaeus himalayaensis Hu, 2001: 271, f. 155.1-5 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054221]
Xizangia linzhiensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 244, 337f. 142A-I (mf, T from Callilepis, S of Scotophaeus himalayaensis)
Xizangiana linzhiensis Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022: 64 (T from Xizangia)
Xizangiana linzhiensis Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 446, f. 2A-B, 3A, 4A-H, 5A-F, 6A-B (mf)
Xizangiana longlin Liu & Zhang, 2023 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059197
Xizangiana longlin Liu & Zhang in Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 458, f. 2M-O, 3E, 15A-D, 16A-E, 17A-B (Dmf) Original description
Xizangiana namchabarwa Liu & Zhang, 2023 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059195
Xizangiana namchabarwa Liu & Zhang in Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 451, f. 2C-D, 3C, 6C-D, 7A-C, 8A-F (Dmf) Original description
Xizangiana pawani (Gajbe, 1993) | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027975
Sosticus pawani Gajbe, 1993b: 181, f. 1-5 (Df) Original description
Urozelotes pawani Sankaran & Caleb, 2021: 551, f. 52-55, 57-58 (f, T from Sosticus)
Xizangiana pawani Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 465 (T from Urozelotes)
Xizangiana plankton Liu & Zhang, 2024 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059770
Xizangiana plankton Liu & Zhang, 2024b: 2, f. 1A-B, 2A-C, 3A-D, 4A-B, 5A-C (Dmf) Original description
Xizangiana rigaze (Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004) | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040631
Xizangia rigaze Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 246, f. 143A-H (Dm) Original description
Xizangiana rigaze Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022: 64 (T from Xizangia)
Xizangiana rigaze Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 457, f. 2E, 3F, 13A-D, 14A-C (m)
Xizangiana sedula (Simon, 1897) | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027759
Callilepis sedula Simon, 1897g: 255 (Df; spelling per p. 252, C. seduba in heading) Original description
Poecilochroa sedula Dalmas, 1921: 326
Poecilochroa sedula Tikader, 1982b: 453, f. 359-362 (f)
Xizangiana sedula Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 465 (T from Poecilochroa)
Xizangiana shenxian Liu & Zhang, 2023 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059199
Xizangiana shenxian Liu & Zhang in Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 462, f. 2F-H, 3D, 20A-B, 21A-D, 22A-F (Dmf) Original description
Xizangiana xiangbi Liu & Zhang, 2023 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059196
Xizangiana xiangbi Liu & Zhang in Liu, Wang & Zhang, 2023: 454, f. 2K-L, 3B, 9A-D, 10A-F, 11A-B, 12A-B (Dmf) Original description

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