World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Arcidius Simon, 1893 = Testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879 (Levi, 2005b: 188, removed from the synonym of Gnolus Simon, 1879)

Nanduti Mello-Leitão, 1945 = Testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879 (Levi, 2002: 562)

Gen. Testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01567

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Nanduti Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 241 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:1523] (type N. roseus Mello-Leitão, 1945) by Levi, 2002: 562 and of Arcidius Simon, 1893e: 327 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05998] (type A. unipunctatus Simon, 1893; removed from the synonym of Gnolus Simon, 1879) by Levi, 2005b: 188.

In synonymy:

Testudinaria soaresi (Mello-Leitão, 1945, T from Scoloderus) = Testudinaria quadripunctata Taczanowski, 1879 (Levi, 2005b: 190)

Testudinaria bonaldoi Levi, 2005 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040052

Testudinaria bonaldoi Levi, 2005b: 192, f. 27-32 (Dmf) Original description

Testudinaria charapa Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059271

Testudinaria charapa Dupérré & Tapia, 2023a: 349, f. 8A-B, 9A-B, 10A-E, 11A-C, 12A-F, 13A-D, 14A-H, 15A-B, 16A-D, 17A-B, 20A-B (Dmf) Original description

Testudinaria debsmithae Levi, 2005 | | Suriname to Peru, Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040053

Testudinaria debsmithae Levi, 2005b: 196, f. 60-69 (Df) Original description

Testudinaria debsmithae Dupérré & Tapia, 2023a: 339, f. 2A-D, 3A-E, 7A-D (mf)

Testudinaria derocheae Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059272

Testudinaria derocheae Dupérré & Tapia, 2023a: 355, f. 18A-C, 19A-D (Dm) Original description

Testudinaria elegans Taczanowski, 1879 | | Panama to Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017083

Testudinaria elegans Taczanowski, 1879: 134, pl. 2, f. 43 (Df) Original description

Testudinaria elegans Levi, 2005b: 196, f. 70-79 (f)

Testudinaria geometrica Taczanowski, 1879 | | Panama to Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017084

Testudinaria geometrica Taczanowski, 1879: 133, pl. 2, f. 42 (Df) Original description

Testudinaria geometrica Simon, 1895a: 907, f. 971 (f)

Testudinaria geometrica Levi, 2005b: 194, f. 42-50 (f, Dm)

Testudinaria geometrica Dupérré & Tapia, 2023a: 339, f. 1A-D (f)

Testudinaria gravatai Levi, 2005 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040054

Testudinaria gravatai Levi, 2005b: 193, f. 39-41 (Dm) Original description

Testudinaria gravatai Teixeira & Lise, 2010: 128, f. 1-5 (Df)

Testudinaria lemniscata (Simon, 1893) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:005723

Arcidius lemniscatus Simon, 1893e: 328, pl. 7, f. 7 (Df) Original description

Gnolus lemniscatus Simon, 1895a: 910, f. 976 (f)

Testudinaria lemniscata Levi, 2005b: 192, f. 33-38 (f, T from Gnolus)

Testudinaria lemniscata Rodrigues & Mendonça, 2011: 64, f. 9-13 (Dm)

Testudinaria quadripunctata Taczanowski, 1879 | | Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:005725

Testudinaria quadripunctata Taczanowski, 1879: 135, pl. 2, f. 44 (Df) Original description

Gnolus quadripunctatus Simon, 1895a: 912

Scoloderus soaresi Mello-Leitão, 1945c: 172, f. 2 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017032]

Testudinaria quadripunctata Levi, 2005b: 190, f. 13-20 (mf, T from Gnolus, S of Scoloderus soares)

Testudinaria quadripunctata Dupérré & Tapia, 2023a: 339, f. 5A-H, 6A-E, 7E-F, 21A-B, 22A-B (m, partly as cf.)

Testudinaria rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1945) | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016664

Ñanduti roseus Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 241, f. 18 (Dm) Original description

Testudinaria rosea Levi, 2005b: 194, f. 51-59 (m, Df)

Testudinaria unipunctata (Simon, 1893) | | Bolivia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:005727

Arcidius unipunctatus Simon, 1893e: 327, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Gnolus unipunctatus Simon, 1895a: 911, f. 977 (f)

Testudinaria unipunctata Levi, 2005b: 190, f. 21-26 (Dm, f, T from Gnolus)

Testudinaria unipunctata Dupérré & Tapia, 2023a: 339, f. 4A-E (m)