Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family |   ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; family status of Paraplectanoididae, Nephilidae and Phonognathidae revalidated by Kuntner et al., 2025: 17, 23, but not accepted here for reasons of stability; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimetidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 241 and Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 consider Zygiellidae as the valid name instead of Phonognathidae and accept the family status of Nephilidae; the status of the Nephilinae and Phonognathinae (= Zygiellidae) as subfamilies is accepted by majority vote of the WSC boards; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 list ten subfamilies and tribes as valid (besides Nephilidae and Zygiellidae): Araneinae, Argiopinae Simon, 1890a: 81 (sub Argiopidae), Cyrtarachninae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtarachneae), Сyrtophorinae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtophoreae), Gasteracanthinae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871e: 217 (sub Gasteracanthides), Micratheninae Simon, 1895a: 848 (sub Micratheneae), Guizygiellinae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 42, Caerostrini Simon, 1895a: 831 (sub Cerostreae), Hypognathini Simon, 1895a: 871 (sub Hypognatheae) and Poltyini Simon, 1895a: 888 (sub Poltyeae).

In synonymy:

Paphlagon O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 = Pronous Keyserling, 1881 (Simon, 1895a: 863)

Zigana Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Pronous Keyserling, 1881 (Levi, 1995b: 168)

Gen. Pronous Keyserling, 1881 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01551
type Pronous tuberculifer Keyserling, 1881; gender masculine
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Paphlagon O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 117 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:06368] (type P. beatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) by Simon, 1895a: 863 and of Zigana Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 52 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05319] (type Z. wixoides Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) by Levi, 1995b: 168.

Transferred to other genera:

Pronous laevisternis Simon, 1909 -- see Hypsosinga

Pronous minutus (Saito, 1939) -- see Pronoides

Pronous taprobanicus Simon, 1895 -- see Hypsosinga

Pronous tetraspinulus Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 -- see Araneus

Pronous affinis Simon, 1901 | | Thailand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017000
Pronous affinis Simon, 1901k: 61 (Df) Original description
Pronous beatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) | | Mexico to Costa Rica urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017001
Paphlagon beatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 117, pl. 14, f. 10 (f) Original description
Pronous beatus Levi, 1995b: 172, f. 66-70 (Dmf, removed from S of Pronous tuberculifer, rejecting O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 281)
Pronous colon Levi, 1995 | | Costa Rica urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017002
Pronous colon Levi, 1995b: 177, f. 88-92 (Df) Original description
Pronous felipe Levi, 1995 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017003
Pronous felipe Levi, 1995b: 176, f. 75-78 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous felipe Levi, 2002: 553, f. 244 (m)
Pronous golfito Levi, 1995 | | Costa Rica urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017004
Pronous golfito Levi, 1995b: 177, f. 93-97 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous intus Levi, 1995 | | Costa Rica to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017005
Pronous intus Levi, 1995b: 180, f. 53-54, 56, 58-61, 64-65, 103-111 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous lancetilla Levi, 1995 | | Honduras urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017006
Pronous lancetilla Levi, 1995b: 176, f. 79-82 (Df) Original description
Pronous nigripes Caporiacco, 1947 | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017008
Pronous nigripes Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous nigripes Caporiacco, 1948a: 662, f. 71-73 (mf)
Pronous nigripes Levi, 1985a: 542 (designated f lectotype; m=Micrathena acuta)
Pronous nigripes Levi, 1995b: 184, f. 127-130 (f)
Pronous pance Levi, 1995 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017009
Pronous pance Levi, 1995b: 182, f. 122-126 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous peje Levi, 1995 | | Costa Rica, Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017010
Pronous peje Levi, 1995b: 177, f. 83-87 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous peje Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1015, f. 19G, 23A, 47A, 51A, 54A-B, 105A-B (f)
Pronous quintana Levi, 1995 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017011
Pronous tuberculifer O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 281, pl. 36, f. 13 (m, misidentified)
Pronous quintana Levi, 1995b: 174, f. 71-74 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous shanus Levi, 1995 | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017012
Pronous shanus Levi, 1995b: 181, f. 112-116 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous tetralobus Simon, 1895 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017013
Pronous tetralobus Simon, 1895a: 863 (Df) Original description
Pronous tuberculifer Keyserling, 1881 | | Colombia to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017014 TYPE SPECIES
Pronous tuberculifer Keyserling, 1881b: 548, pl. 16, f. 1 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous tuberculifer Keyserling, 1892: 35, pl. 2, f. 31 (mf)
Pronous tuberculifer Simon, 1895a: 863, f. 922-924 (mf)
Pronous tuberculifer O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 281 (S of Pronous beatus, revalidated by Levi, 1995b: 172)
Pronous tuberculifer Yaginuma, 1965a: 29, f. 1.3 (m)
Pronous tuberculifer Levi, 1995b: 184, f. 57, 62, 131-139 (mf)
Pronous valle Levi, 1995 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017015
Pronous valle Levi, 1995b: 182, f. 117-121 (Dmf) Original description
Pronous wixoides (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) | | Panama, Colombia, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017016
Zigana wixoides Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 53, pl. 16, f. 137, 139 (Df) Original description
Pronous wixoides Levi, 1995b: 178, f. 55, 98-102 (f, Dm)

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