Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Cyphagogus Günther, 1862 = Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 (Simon, 1895a: 892)

Cyphonetis Thorell, 1869 = Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 (Simon, 1895a: 892, automatically with its replaced name Cyphagogus)

Gerrosoma Bradley, 1876 = Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 (Simon, 1895a: 892)

Mastigosoma Ausserer, 1871 = Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 (Simon, 1895a: 892)

Pleuromma Doleschall, 1859 = Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 (Thorell, 1878b: 28, by T of the type species)

Rhyncharachne Bradley, 1876 = Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 (Simon, 1895a: 892)

Gen. Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01546
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Pleuromma Doleschall, 1859: 44 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05549] (type P. moluccum Doleschall, 1859) by Thorell, 1878b: 28 (by T of the type species), and of Cyphagogus Günther, 1862: 299 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05552] (type Cyphagogus mouhoti Günther, 1862), Mastigosoma Ausserer, 1871b: 817 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05554] (type M. idae Ausserer, 1871), Gerrosoma Bradley, 1876b: 222 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05551] (type G. papuense Bradley, 1876) and Rhyncharachne Bradley, 1876c: 240 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05550] (type R. dromedaria Bradley, 1876) by Simon, 1895a: 892; Cyphagogus is preoccupied in Coleoptera by Parry, 1849 and was replaced by Cyphonethis Thorell, 1869: 37 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05553].

In synonymy:

Poltys bimaculatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 = Poltys furcifer Simon, 1881 (Roewer, 1942a: 905)

Poltys bimaculatus Keyserling, 1886 = Poltys laciniosus Keyserling, 1886 (Smith, 2006b: 76)

Poltys coronatus Keyserling, 1886 = Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 (Smith, 2006b: 55)

Poltys keyserlingi Keyserling, 1886 = Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 (Smith, 2006b: 55)

Poltys madagascariensis Lenz, 1886 = Poltys kochi Keyserling, 1864 (Simon, 1898c: 278)

Poltys mammeatus Keyserling, 1886 = Poltys laciniosus Keyserling, 1886 (Smith, 2006b: 76)

Poltys microtuberculatus Rainbow, 1916 = Poltys stygius Thorell, 1898 (Smith, 2006b: 59)

Poltys multituberculatus Rainbow, 1898 = Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 (Smith, 2006b: 55)

Poltys penicillatus Rainbow, 1920 = Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 (Smith, 2006b: 55)

Poltys salebrosus Rainbow, 1904 = Poltys laciniosus Keyserling, 1886 (Smith, 2006b: 76)

Poltys sigillatus Chrysanthus, 1961 = Poltys frenchi Hogg, 1899 (Smith, 2006b: 69)

Nomina dubia:

Poltys dromedarius (Bradley, 1876c: 241, pl. 2, f. 3, f, Papua New Guinea, originally in Rhyncharachne) -- Smith, 2006b: 87

Poltys moluccum (Doleschall, 1859: 45, pl. 7, f. 1, f, Indonesia/Amboin, originally in Pleuromma) -- Smith, 2006b: 87

Poltys papuensis (Bradley, 1876b: 223, pl. 2, f. 2, f, Papua New Guinea, originally in Gerrosoma) -- Smith, 2006b: 87

Nomina nuda:

Poltys godrejii Bastawade & Khandal, 2006: 175 (f, India) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041052] -- Sherwood & Caleb, 2024: 113, no type repository, unavailable name

Poltys rehmanii Bastawade & Khandal, 2006: 175 (f, India) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041053] -- Sherwood & Caleb, 2024: 113, no type repository, unavailable name

Poltys acuminatus Thorell, 1898 | j | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016940
Poltys acuminatus Thorell, 1898: 346 (Dj) Original description
Poltys apiculatus Thorell, 1893 | j | Singapore urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016941
Poltys apiculatus Thorell, 1893: 228 (Dj) Original description
Poltys baculiger Simon, 1907 | | Gabon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016942
Poltys baculiger Simon, 1907d: 306 (Df) Original description
Poltys bhabanii (Tikader, 1970) | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016943
Caerostris bhabanii Tikader, 1970: 34, f. 21a-c (Df) Original description
Poltys bhabanii Tikader, 1982a: 167, f. 316-320 (Tf from Caerostris)
Poltys bhavnagarensis Patel, 1988 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016944
Poltys bhavnagarensis Patel, 1988b: 1192, f. 1a-e (Df) Original description
Poltys caelatus Simon, 1907 | | Sierra Leone, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016946
Poltys caelatus Simon, 1907d: 306 (Df) Original description
Poltys columnaris Thorell, 1890 | | India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Sumatra), Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016947
Poltys columnaris Thorell, 1890a: 87 (Df) Original description
Poltys columnaris Smith, 2006b: 88, f. 223-225 (f)
Poltys columnaris Tanikawa, 2007c: 91, f. 289-294, 754-756 (f, Dm)
Poltys columnaris Tanikawa, 2009: 461, f. 325-327 (mf)
Poltys columnaris Kulkarni & Smith, 2013: 4524, f. 1-3, images 1-3 (f)
Poltys corticosus Pocock, 1898 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016949
Poltys corticosus Pocock, 1898g: 513, pl. 42, f. 12 (Df) Original description
Poltys dubius (Walckenaer, 1841) | | Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016951
Plectana dubia Walckenaer, 1841: 198 (Df) Original description
Poltys dubius Simon, 1886a: 152
Poltys elevatus Thorell, 1890 | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016952
Poltys elevatus Thorell, 1890a: 82 (Df) Original description
Poltys elevatus Smith, 2006b: 89, f. 240-243 (f)
Poltys ellipticus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 | | China (Hainan) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043856
Poltys ellipticus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010a: 51, f. 1-5 (Dm) Original description
Poltys fornicatus Simon, 1907 | | São Tomé and Príncipe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016953
Poltys fornicatus Simon, 1907d: 305 (Df) Original description
Poltys frenchi Hogg, 1899 | | New Guinea, indonesia (Moluccas), Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016954
Poltys frenchi Hogg, 1899: 143, pl. 13, f. 2 (Df) Original description
Poltys sigillatus Chrysanthus, 1961b: 211, f. 74-77 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016977]
Poltys frenchi Smith, 2006b: 69, f. 29-30, 125-135, 138-143, 148-154 (Dm, f, S of Poltys sigillatus)
Poltys furcifer Simon, 1881 | | Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016955
Poltys furcifer Simon, 1881e: 4 (Df) Original description
Poltys bimaculatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899b: 521, pl. 29, f. 4 (Df; preoccupied by Keyserling, 1886, see Poltys laciniosus) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054704]
Poltys furcifer Roewer, 1942a: 905 (S of Poltys bimaculatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899)
Poltys furcifer Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 39, p. 38: 2 f., p. 39: 3 f. (f habitus)
Poltys grayi Smith, 2006 | | Australia (Lord Howe Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040046
Poltys grayi Smith, 2006b: 80, f. 164, 167-168, 172, 175, 178-179, 189-192, 203-207, 211-213, 222 (Dmf) Original description
Poltys hainanensis Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 | | China (Hainan) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043857
Poltys hainanensis Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010a: 53, f. 6-10 (Dm) Original description
Poltys horridus Locket, 1980 | | Comoros, Seychelles urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016956
Poltys horridus Locket, 1980: 123, f. 32-36 (Df) Original description
Poltys horridus Saaristo, 2010: 47, f. 4.3-5 (f)
Poltys idae (Ausserer, 1871) | | China, Borneo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016957
Mastigosoma idae Ausserer, 1871b: 817, pl. 5, f. 1-3 (Df) Original description
Poltys ideae Simon, 1895a: 889, f. 955-957 (f, Dm)
Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 | | Thailand to Australia (mainland, Lord Howe Is., Norfolk Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016958
Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843: 97, f. 821 (Df) Original description
Poltys coronatus Keyserling, 1886a: 128, pl. 10, f. 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016948]
Poltys keyserlingi Keyserling, 1886a: 129, pl. 10, f. 3 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016959]
Poltys illepidus Simon, 1895a: 892
Poltys multituberculatus Rainbow, 1898b: 82, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016967]
Poltys illepidus Pocock, 1900a: 236
Poltys multituberculatus Rainbow, 1916a: 118, pl. 22, f. 43 (f)
Poltys penicillatus Rainbow, 1920b: 249, pl. 29, f. 57 (Df; N.B.: spelled pencillatus in heading, correctly in figure legend) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016972]
Poltys illepidus Chrysanthus, 1961b: 211, f. 70-73 (f)
Poltys illepidus Davies, 1988b: 316, f. 34 (f, Dm)
Poltys illepidus Chikuni, 1989b: 81, f. 55 (mf) [probably misidentified per Smith, 2006b: 55]
Poltys illepidus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 579, f. 359a-h, 360a-f (f)
Poltys illepidus Smith, 2005: 469, f. 1-2, 7-12 (f, figured m)
Poltys illepidus Smith, 2006b: 55, f. 16-17, 25-26, 33-41, 46-51, 56-63, 67-69 (Dm, f, S of Poltys coronatus, P. keyserlingi, P. microtuberculatus and P. penicillatus)
Poltys illepidus Tanikawa, 2007c: 92, f. 295-298, 757-759 (mf) [probably misidentified per Zamani et al., 2019: 8]
Poltys illepidus Tanikawa, 2009: 463, f. 328-330 (mf) [probably misidentified per Zamani et al., 2019: 8]
Poltys illepidus Hawes, 2020: 272, f. 1A-N (f)
Poltys jujorum Smith, 2006 | | Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040047
Poltys jujorum Smith, 2006b: 63, f. 73-79, 84-88, 95-99, 104-109, 117-118, 121-124 (Dmf) Original description
Poltys kochi Keyserling, 1864 | | Mauritius, Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016960
Poltys kochi Keyserling, 1864: 84, pl. 3, f. 1-5 (Df) Original description
Poltys madagascariensis Lenz, 1886: 387 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054705]
Poltys kochi Simon, 1889b: 225
Poltys kochi Simon, 1898c: 278 (S of Poltys madagascariensis)
Poltys laciniosus Keyserling, 1886 | | Australia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016961
Poltys laciniosus Keyserling, 1886a: 123, pl. 9, f. 7 (Df) Original description
Poltys mammeatus Keyserling, 1886a: 125, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016963]
Poltys bimaculatus Keyserling, 1886a: 131, pl. 10, f. 4 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016945]
Poltys salebrosus Rainbow, 1904a: 104, f. 28-29 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016976]
Poltys laciniosus Smith, 2006b: 76, f. 18, 22-24, 31-32, 159-163, 169-171, 174, 176-177, 182-188, 198-201, 208-210, 218-219 (Dm, f, S of Poltys bimaculatus, P. mammeatus and P. salebrosus)
Poltys longitergus Hogg, 1919 | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016962
Poltys longiterga Hogg, 1919: 95, pl. 10, f. 7 (Df) Original description
Poltys milledgei Smith, 2006 | | Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory), Indonesia (Bali, Sumbawa) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040048
Poltys milledgei Smith, 2006b: 64, f. 19-21, 27-28, 80-83, 89-94, 100-103, 110-115, 119-120 (Dmf) Original description
Poltys monstrosus Simon, 1897 | | Sierra Leone urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016965
Poltys monstrosus Simon, 1897b: 480 (Df) Original description
Poltys mouhoti (Günther, 1862) | | Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016966
Cyphagogus mouhotii Günther, 1862: 299, pl. 8, f. A (Df) Original description
Cyphonethis mouhoti Thorell, 1869: 37 (generic replacement name)
Poltys mouhoti Simon, 1895a: 892
Poltys nagpurensis Tikader, 1982 | | Iran, India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016968
Poltys nagpurensis Tikader, 1982a: 169, f. 321-325 (Df) Original description
Poltys illepidus Keswani, 2015b: 8, f. 1-4 (f) [misidentified per Zamani et al., 2019: 8]
Poltys illepidus Rajoria, 2015c: 6, f. 1-7 (mf) [misidentified per Zamani et al., 2019: 8]
Poltys nagpurensis Zamani et al., 2019a: 4, f. 1a-f, 2a-g, 3a-h (f)
Poltys nagpurensis Caleb, 2020b: 15719, f. 3M-Q, 25E (f)
Poltys nigrinus Saito, 1933 | | Taiwan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016969
Poltys nigrinus Saitō, 1933b: 49, pl. 3, f. 29 (Df) Original description
Poltys nigrinus Saito, 1959: 102, f. 123a-e (f)
Poltys nigrinus Lee, 1966: 54, f. 18h-l (f)
Poltys nigrinus Yin et al., 1997d: 389, f. 281a-e (f)
Poltys nigrinus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 182L-P (f)
Poltys noblei Smith, 2006 | | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040049
Poltys noblei Smith, 2006b: 82, f. 165-166, 173, 180-181, 193-197, 202, 214-216, 220-221 (Dmf) Original description
Poltys pannuceus Thorell, 1895 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016970
Poltys pannuceus Thorell, 1895b: 167 (Df) Original description
Poltys pannuceus Smith, 2006b: 89, f. 247 (f)
Poltys pogonias Thorell, 1891 | j | India (Nicobar Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016973
Poltys pogonias Thorell, 1891: 54 (Dj) Original description
Poltys pygmaeus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 | | China (Hainan) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043858
Poltys pygmaeus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010a: 55, f. 11-15 (Dm) Original description
Poltys raphanus Thorell, 1898 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016974
Poltys raphanus Thorell, 1898: 348 (Df) Original description
Poltys raphanus Smith, 2006b: 88, f. 235-237 (f)
Poltys reuteri Lenz, 1886 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016975
Poltys reuteri Lenz, 1886: 386 (Df) Original description
Poltys squarrosus Thorell, 1898 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016978
Poltys squarrosus Thorell, 1898: 350 (Df) Original description
Poltys squarrosus Smith, 2006b: 88, f. 226-228 (f)
Poltys stygius Thorell, 1898 | | Myanmar to Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016979
Poltys stygius Thorell, 1898: 344 (Df) Original description
Poltys microtuberculatus Rainbow, 1916a: 118, pl. 22, f. 44 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016964]
Poltys stygius Smith, 2006b: 59, f. 42-45, 52-55, 64-66, 70 (Dm, f, S of Poltys microtuberculatus)
Poltys timmeh Smith, 2006 | | New Caledonia, Loyalty Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040050
Poltys timmeh Smith, 2006b: 72, f. 136-137, 144-147, 155-157 (Dmf) Original description
Poltys turriger Simon, 1897 | | Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016980
Poltys turriger Simon, 1897b: 480 (Df) Original description
Poltys turriger Simon, 1904b: 282, pl. 16, f. 6 (f)
Poltys turriger Smith, 2006b: 88, f. 229-231 (f)
Poltys turriger Ono, Thinh & Sac, 2012: 20, f. 3-5 (f)
Poltys turritus Thorell, 1898 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016981
Poltys turritus Thorell, 1898: 347 (Df) Original description
Poltys turritus Smith, 2006b: 88, f. 232-234 (f)
Poltys unguifer Simon, 1909 | j | Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016982
Poltys unguifer Simon, 1909e: 117 (Dj) Original description
Poltys vesicularis Simon, 1889 | j | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016983
Poltys vesicularis Simon, 1889b: 225 (Dj) Original description

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