Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Stroemiellus Wunderlich, 2004 = Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004 (Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240)

Gen. Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03689
N.B.: placed in the Zygiellidae Simon, 1929 by Wunderlich, 2004f: 935 (not accepted by later authors); placed in the Phonognathidae Simon, 1894a: 746 (a senior synonym of Zygiellidae) by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563; for the current familial placement see the note at the family; considered a synonym of Stroemiellus Wunderlich, 2004f: 936 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03688] (type Zilla stroemi Thorell, 1870) by Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240.
Leviellus caspicus (Simon, 1889) | | Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017169
Zilla caspica Simon, 1889l: 382 (Dm) Original description
Zygiella caspica Levi, 1974a: 280, f. 70-75 (m, Df)
Leviellus caspica Wunderlich, 2004f: 928 (T from Zygiella)
Leviellus caspicus Mikhailov, 2013b: 110 (emended specific epithet)
Leviellus caspicus Seropian, Otto & Bulbulashvili, 2023: 154, f. 20-26, 29-35, Suppl.: 7 f. (mf)
Leviellus inconveniens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | | Lebanon, Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017172
Epeira inconveniens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 298 (Df) Original description
Zygiella inconveniens Simon, 1929: 664
Zygiella inconveniens Levi, 1974a: 283, f. 92-94 (f)
Zygiella inconveniens Levy, 1987: 247, f. 13-25 (f, Dm)
Leviellus inconveniens Wunderlich, 2004f: 928, f. 58 (m, T from Zygiella)
Leviellus kochi (Thorell, 1870) | | Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017176
Zilla kochii Thorell, 1870a: 33 (Dmf) Original description
Zilla kochi Bösenberg, 1901: 43, pl. 3, f. 32 (mf)
Zygiella kochi Simon, 1929: 663, 754, f. 1021, 1025 (mf)
Zilla kochi Wiehle, 1931: 41, f. 52-53 (mf)
Zygiella kochi Levi, 1974a: 283, f. 85-91 (mf)
Leviellus kochi Wunderlich, 2004f: 928, f. 38 (m, T from Zygiella)
Leviellus kochi Dentici, 2019: 118, f. 3 (m)
Leviellus kochi Morano, 2023: 95, f. 89-90 (mf)
Leviellus kochi Atlı, Türkeş & Seyyar, 2023b: 387, f. 2A-C (f)
Leviellus poriensis (Levy, 1987) | | Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017181
Zygiella poriensis Levy, 1987: 249, f. 26-33 (Df) Original description
Leviellus poriensis Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240 (T from Zygiella)
Leviellus stroemi (Thorell, 1870) | | Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017185
Epeira montana Westring, 1851: 35 (misidentified per Thorell, 1870a: 34 and Thorell, 1870b: 235)
Zilla montana Westring, 1861: 73 (misidentified per Thorell, 1870a: 34 and Thorell, 1870b: 235)
Zilla stroemi Thorell, 1870a: 34 (Dmf) Original description
Zilla stroemi Simon, 1874a: 144 (mf)
Zilla stroemi Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 30 (mf)
Zilla stroemi Becker, 1896: (2): 55, pl. 11, f. 2 (mf)
Zilla stroemi Bösenberg, 1901: 45, pl. 3, f. 34 (mf)
Araneus stroemi Lessert, 1910b: 343
Araneus stroemi Fedotov, 1912a: 90, f. 34 (m)
Zilla stroemi Jackson, 1914: 125, pl. 3, f. 1-2 (mf)
Zilla stroemi Simon, 1929: 664, 754, f. 1022-1023 (mf)
Zilla stroemi Wiehle, 1931: 36, f. 43-45 (mf)
Zilla stroemi Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 8 (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Locket & Millidge, 1953: 163, f. 108B, 109C (mf, removed from S of Z. x-notata sensu Thorell, 1856)
Zilla stroemi Zamaraev, 1964: 351, f. 11-13 (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Tystshenko, 1971: 191, f. 553, 556 (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Miller, 1971: 203, pl. XXXVII, f. 12-13 (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Loksa, 1972: 106, f. 96A-C (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Levi, 1974a: 286, f. 102-110 (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Palmgren, 1974a: 13, f. 5a-c (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Punda, 1975b: 45, f. 85-86 (f)
Zygiella stroemi Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99e (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 144 (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Roberts, 1995: 335, f. (mf)
Zygiella stroemi Roberts, 1998: 348, f. (mf)
Stroemiellus stroemi Wunderlich, 2004f: 936, f. 39-40 (m, T from Zygiella)
Zygiella stroemi Almquist, 2005: 180, f. 185a-e (mf)
Stroemiellus stroemi Marusik, 2009h: 14, f. 9 (f)
Zygiella stroemi Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix (T to Zilla; not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here)
Leviellus stroemi Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240 (T from Stroemiellus)
Stroemiellus stroemi Kim & Ye, 2015d: 82, f. 1-6 (f)
Leviellus stroemi Seropian, Otto & Bulbulashvili, 2023: 154, f. 27-28 (f)
Leviellus stroemi Dolejš, 2023: 18, f. 3a-b (f)
Leviellus thorelli (Ausserer, 1871) | | France, Central, Southern and South-Eastern Europe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017186
Zilla thorellii Ausserer, 1871b: 830, pl. 5, f. 10 (Df) Original description
Zilla thorelli Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 32 (f)
Zilla thorelli Bösenberg, 1901: 42, pl. 3, f. 31 (f, Dm)
Araneus thorelli Lessert, 1910b: 342
Zygiella thorelli Simon, 1929: 663, 755, f. 1019, 1024 (mf)
Zilla thorelli Wiehle, 1931: 39, f. 49-51 (mf)
Zilla thorelli Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 9 (mf)
Zygiella thorelli Loksa, 1972: 106, f. 97A-C (mf)
Zygiella thorelli Levi, 1974a: 284, f. 95-101 (mf)
Zygiella thorelli Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 145 (mf)
Leviellus thorelli Wunderlich, 2004f: 935 (T from Zygiella)
Leviellus thorelli Pfliegler, 2014: 145, f. 1i-j, 4b (m)
Leviellus thorelli Cruveillier, Guerbaa & Lecigne, 2017: 27, f. 2-6 (mf)
Leviellus thorelli Geci et al., 2022: 76, f. 3A-C (f)

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