World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Atelacantha Simon, 1864 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Simon, 1895a: 845)

Bunocrania Thorell, 1878 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Levi, 1996b: 140)

Isacantha Simon, 1864 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Simon, 1895a: 845)

Paurotylus Tullgren, 1910 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Emerit, 1982c: 458)

Plectana Walckenaer, 1841 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (McCook, 1894: 211, by transfer of the type species)

Stanneoclavis Butler, 1873 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Simon, 1895a: 845)

Gen. Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01484

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Plectana Walckenaer, 1841: 150 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05440] (type Aranea cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Bonnet, 1958: 3705) by McCook, 1894: 211 (by transfer of the type species); considered a senior synonym of Atelacantha Simon, 1864: 285 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05497] (type A. malayensis Simon, 1864 = Gasteracantha mengei Keyserling, 1864) and Stanneoclavis Butler, 1873a: 173 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05498] (type Plectana pentagona Walckenaer, 1841) by Simon, 1895a: 845; considered a senior synonym of Isacantha Simon, 1864: 286 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05538] (type Aranea cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 per Bonnet, 1957: 2299, described as subgenus of Gasteracantha, preoccupied in Coleoptera by Hope, 1833) by Simon, 1895a: 845 (see also the note at Isoxya Simon, 1885); considered a senior synonym of Paurotylus Tullgren, 1910: 171 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05239] (type P. depressus Tullgren, 1910 = Gasteracantha milvoides Butler, 1873) (transferred from the Theridiidae to the Araneidae by Levi & Levi, 1962: 25) by Emerit, 1982c: 458, contra Benoit, 1964a: 47, who considered that genus a junior synonym of Aetrocantha Karsch, 1879 instead; considered a senior synonym of Bunocrania Thorell, 1878b: 24 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05238] (type B. biloba Thorell, 1878) by Levi, 1996b: 140; not a senior synonym of Aetrocantha Karsch, 1879, Isoxya Simon, 1885 or Acrosomoides Simon, 1887 (Benoit, 1962a: 14, 43, 45); not a senior synonym of Actinacantha Simon, 1864, Macracantha Simon, 1864, Augusta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877, Thelacantha van Hasselt, 1882, Afracantha Dahl, 1914, Austracantha Dahl, 1914, Hypsacantha Dahl, 1914 or Togacantha Dahl, 1914 (Emerit, 1974: 28-31, contra Benoit, 1962a: 14).

Transferred to other genera:

Gasteracantha acrosomoides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 -- see Acrosomoides

Gasteracantha arcuata (Fabricius, 1793) -- see Macracantha

Gasteracantha astrigera L. Koch, 1871 -- see Austracantha

Gasteracantha batesi Pocock, 1899 -- see Afracantha

Gasteracantha brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) -- see Thelacantha

Gasteracantha camerunensis Thorell, 1899 -- see Afracantha

Gasteracantha cicatricosa C. L. Koch, 1844 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha cowani Butler, 1882 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha crucimaculata Dahl, 1914 -- see Hypsacantha

Gasteracantha cuspidata C. L. Koch, 1837 -- see Thelacantha

Gasteracantha falkensteini (Karsch, 1879) -- see Aetrocantha

Gasteracantha formosana Saito, 1933 -- see Thelacantha

Gasteracantha galeata (Simon, 1887) -- see Aetrocantha

Gasteracantha globulata (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Actinacantha

Gasteracantha glyphica Guérin, 1839 -- see Augusta

Gasteracantha hasselti (C. L. Koch, 1837) -- see Macracantha

Gasteracantha linnaei (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Acrosomoides

Gasteracantha minax Thorell, 1859 -- see Austracantha

Gasteracantha mucronota (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha nigromutica Caporiacco, 1939 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha nordviei Strand, 1913 -- see Togacantha

Gasteracantha nossibeana Strand, 1915 -- see Madacantha

Gasteracantha penizoides (Simon, 1887) -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha reuteri Lenz, 1886 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha sagaensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 -- see Phoroncidia

Gasteracantha sola Saito, 1933 -- see Thelacantha

Gasteracantha somalica Caporiacco, 1940 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha sparsa Saito, 1933 -- see Thelacantha

Gasteracantha stuhlmanni Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha tabulata Thorell, 1859 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha testudinaria Simon, 1901 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha testudinaria benina Strand, 1913 -- see Isoxya

Gasteracantha tetraedra (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Acrosomoides

Gasteracantha tuberifera Dahl, 1914 -- see Isoxya

In synonymy:

Gasteracantha cancriformis unicolor Taczanowski, 1879 = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1978a: 438)

Gasteracantha columbiae Giebel, 1863 = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Dahl, 1914: 263)

Gasteracantha comstocki Mello-Leitão, 1917 = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1996b: 142)

Gasteracantha crucigera melanotica Kulczyński, 1911 = Gasteracantha crucigera Bradley, 1877 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 44)

Gasteracantha crucigera tenuiscapus Kulczyński, 1911 = Gasteracantha crucigera Bradley, 1877 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 44)

Gasteracantha depressa (Tullgren, 1910) = Gasteracantha milvoides Butler, 1873 (Emerit, 1982c: 458)

Gasteracantha importuna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 = Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1962a: 64)

Gasteracantha impotens Gerstaecker, 1873 (removed from S of G. versicolor) = Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1962a: 64)

Gasteracantha insulana Thorell, 1859 (removed from S of G. servillei) = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1978a: 437)

Gasteracantha kochi Butler, 1873 (removed from S of G. servillei) = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1978a: 438)

Gasteracantha macrura Pocock, 1898 (removed from S of G. sanguinolenta) = Gasteracantha milvoides Butler, 1873 (Benoit, 1962a: 59)

Gasteracantha malayensis (Simon, 1864) = Gasteracantha mengei Keyserling, 1864 (Dahl, 1914: 270)

Gasteracantha mammosa C. L. Koch, 1844 = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Benoit, 1964a: 49)

Gasteracantha mascula Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1996b: 142)

Gasteracantha nabona Chamberlin, 1924 = Gasteracantha kuhli C. L. Koch, 1837 (Fox, 1938b: 365)

Gasteracantha nigripes Simon, 1881 = Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 (Benoit, 1964a: 50)

Gasteracantha occidentalis Dahl, 1914 = Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1962a: 64)

Gasteracantha pentagona anirica Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha pentagona Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha scintillans concolor Rainbow, 1913 = Gasteracantha scintillans Butler, 1873 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 45)

Gasteracantha sepulchralis Simon, 1881 = Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 (Benoit, 1964a: 50)

Gasteracantha servillei (Guérin, 1825) = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1996b: 140)

Gasteracantha servillei joinvillensis Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1996b: 142)

Gasteracantha sodalis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1964a: 50)

Gasteracantha taeniata bawensis Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha taeniata jamurensis Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha taeniata maculella Strand, 1911 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha taeniata obsoletopicta Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha taeniata oinokensis Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha taeniata sentanensis Strand, 1915 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha taeniata trivittinota Strand, 1911 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 36)

Gasteracantha taeniata univittinota Strand, 1911 = Gasteracantha taeniata Walckenaer, 1841 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 36)

Gasteracantha tetracantha (Linnaeus, 1767) = Gasteracantha cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758 (Levi, 1996b: 140)

Gasteracantha theisi antemaculata Strand, 1911 = Gasteracantha theisi Guérin, 1838 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 36)

Gasteracantha theisi keyana Strand, 1911 = Gasteracantha theisi Guérin, 1838 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 36)

Gasteracantha theisi quadrisignatella Strand, 1911 = Gasteracantha theisi Guérin, 1838 (Nentwig et al., 2019: 37)

Gasteracantha versicolor nigristerna Caporiacco, 1941 = Gasteracantha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 (Benoit, 1962a: 61)

Nomina dubia:

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta rueppelli Strand, 1916: 64 (j, Egypt) -- Nentwig et al., 2019: 36

Gasteracantha trigona Giebel, 1863: 311 (f, Indonesia/Java) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1514

Nomina nuda:

Gasteracantha cancriformis alba Franganillo, 1936c: 96 (Cuba) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054318] , Franganillo, 1936c: 96 (no description)

Gasteracantha cancriformis aurata Franganillo, 1926a: 57 (Cuba) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054319] , Franganillo, 1926a : 57 (no description)

Gasteracantha cancriformis nigra Franganillo, 1926a: 57 (Cuba) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054320] , Franganillo, 1926a : 57 (no description)

Gasteracantha mindanaoensis Alviola, Mohagan & Janicki, 2021: 12, f. 1b-c, 2c-d (f, Philipines) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054309] -- Alviola, Mohagan & Janicki, 2021, description is invalid as no type is fixed and no deposition of the types is stated, see ICZN Article 16.4

Gasteracantha aciculata (Pocock, 1898) | | Papua New Guinea (New Britain) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016002

Actinacantha aciculata Pocock, 1898j: 107, pl. 10, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha aciculata Dahl, 1914: 248

Gasteracantha acutispina Dahl, 1914 | | Indonesia (Sulawesi) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016003

Gasteracantha acutispina Dahl, 1914: 246, f. 17 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha audouini Guérin, 1838 | | Indonesia (Sumatra, Timor, Ambon), Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016004

Gasteracantha audouinii Guérin, 1838b: 55 (Df) Original description

Plectana transversalis Walckenaer, 1841: 165 (Df)

Plectana bleekeri Doleschall, 1857: 423 (Df)

Gasteracantha pseudoflava Simon, 1877c: 228, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df)

Gasteracantha bleekeri Thorell, 1878b: 11

Gasteracantha bleekeri retrorsa Thorell, 1878b: 12 (Df)

Gasteracantha retrorsa Thorell, 1881: 6

Gasteracantha pseudoflava Simon, 1895a: 839, f. 888 (f)

Gasteracantha audouini Dahl, 1914: 284

Gasteracantha aureola Mi & Peng, 2013 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046546

Gasteracantha aureola Mi & Peng, 2013b: 795, f. 1-5 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha aureola Alviola, Mohagan & Janicki, 2021: 12, f. 1a, 2a-b (f)

Gasteracantha beccarii Thorell, 1877 | | Indonesia (Sulawesi) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016005

Gasteracantha beccarii Thorell, 1877b: 347 (Df) Original description

Plectana beccarii Thorell, 1890a: 68

Gasteracantha beccarii Dahl, 1914: 245

Gasteracantha biloba (Thorell, 1878) | | Indonesia (Moluccas, Ambon) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016006

Bunocrania biloba Thorell, 1878b: 25 (Dj) Original description

Bunocrania biloba Thorell, 1898: 374 (Dm)

Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) | | North America, Central America, Caribbean, South America. Introduced to Hawaii urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016007

Aranea cancriformis Linnaeus, 1758: 624 (Df) Original description

Aranea tetracantha Linnaeus, 1767: 1037 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057031]

Aranea conchata Slabber, 1769: 3 (D)

Aranea tetracantha Pallas, 1772: 49, pl. 3, f. 16-17 (f)

Aranea hexacantha Fabricius, 1787: 344 (Df)

Epeira lata Walckenaer, 1805: 66

Epeira servillei Guérin, 1825: 263 (Df)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Sundevall, 1833b: 14

Acrosoma hexacantha Hahn, 1834: 17, f. 106 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha cancriformis C. L. Koch, 1837a: 21, f. 263 (f)

Gasteracantha hexacantha C. L. Koch, 1837a: 31, f. 268 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha velitaris C. L. Koch, 1837a: 33, f. 269 (Df)

Plectana cancriformis Walckenaer, 1841: 151

Plectana velitaris Walckenaer, 1841: 152

Plectana hexacantha Walckenaer, 1841: 152

Plectana elipsoides Walckenaer, 1841: 155 (Df)

Plectana quinqueserrata Walckenaer, 1841: 157 (Df)

Plectana sexserrata Walckenaer, 1841: 157 (Df)

Plectana triserrata Walckenaer, 1841: 158 (Df)

Plectana servillei Walckenaer, 1841: 159

Plectana lata Walckenaer, 1841: 165 (Df)

Plectana atlantica Walckenaer, 1841: 167 (Df)

Gasteracantha rubiginosa C. L. Koch, 1844: 55, f. 878 (Df)

Gasteracantha picea C. L. Koch, 1844: 61, f. 882 (Df)

Gasteracantha mammosa C. L. Koch, 1844: 57, f. 879 (Df)

Gasteracantha quadridens C. L. Koch, 1844: 59, f. 880 (Df)

Gasteracantha pallida C. L. Koch, 1844: 60, f. 881 (Df)

Epeira cancer Hentz, 1850: 23, pl. 3, f. 13 (Df)

Gasteracantha moesta Thorell, 1859: 301 (Dj)

Gasteracantha insulana Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df)

Gasteracantha hilaris Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df)

Gasteracantha columbiae Giebel, 1863: 312 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055201]

Gasteracantha kochii Butler, 1873a: 169 (Df)

Dicantha lata Butler, 1873a: 175

Micrathena triserrata Butler, 1873a: 429

Gasteracantha oldendorffii Holmberg, 1876: 21 (Df)

Gasteracantha insulana Butler, 1877: 76, pl. 13, f. 1 (f)

Gasteracantha raimondii Taczanowski, 1879: 106, pl. 1, f. 25-26 (Df)

Gasteracantha raimondii unicolor Taczanowski, 1879: 107 (Df)

Gasteracantha proboscidea Taczanowski, 1879: 108, pl. 1, f. 27 (Df)

Gasteracantha canestrinii O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 282, pl. 26, f. 2 (Dj)

Gasteracantha callida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 284, pl. 26, f. 7 (Df)

Gasteracantha rufospinosa Marx, 1886: 25, f. a-f (Df)

Gasteracantha hexacantha Keyserling, 1892: 1, pl. 1, f. 1 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha elliptica Gétaz, 1893: 105 (Df)

Gasteracantha maura McCook, 1894: 210, pl. 13, f. 12 (Df)

Gasteracantha cancriformis McCook, 1894: 211, pl. 14, f. 9 (f)

Gasteracantha pallida McCook, 1894: 209, pl. 14, f. 8 (f)

Gasteracantha preciosa McCook, 1894: 211, pl. 14, f. 7 (Df)

Gasteracantha cancriformis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901b: 329, pl. 7, f. 11 (f)

Gasteracantha canestrinii F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901b: 330, pl. 7, f. 10 (Df)

Gasteracantha kochii F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901b: 331, pl. 7, f. 10 (f)

Gasteracantha cancriformis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 525, pl. 51, f. 14 (f)

Gasteracantha kochii F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 525, pl. 51, f. 15 (f)

Gasteracantha biolleyi Banks, 1905b: 20, f. 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Dahl, 1914: 263 (S of Gasteracantha columbiae)

Gasteracantha servillei Dahl, 1914: 264

Gasteracantha tetracantha Dahl, 1914: 265

Gasteracantha kochi joinvillensis Strand, 1916b: 118 (Df)

Gasteracantha mascula Strand, 1916b: 119 (Dm)

Gasteracantha comstocki Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 93 (Df)

Vibradellus carolinus Chamberlin, 1925d: 214 (Dm)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 249, f. 103 (mf)

Gasteracantha tetracantha Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 253, f. 104-107 (f, Dm)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Archer, 1941b: 23, pl. IV, f. 3, 5 (mf)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Benoit, 1964a: 49 (S)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Levi, 1978a: 437, f. 69-84 (mf, S)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Levi, 1978b: 11, f. 15-17 (m)

Gasteracantha tetracantha Wunderlich, 1986: 217, f. 218 (m)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Levi, 1996b: 140, f. 292-312 (mf, S of Gasteracantha tetracantha)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Levi, 2002: 553, f. 251-252 (m)

Gasteracantha cancriformis Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 846, f. 133E, 136A (f)

Gasteracantha cancriformis gertschi Archer, 1941 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016008

Gasteracantha cancriformis gertschi Archer, 1941b: 24, pl. IV, f. 6 (Dmf; probably not valid, per Brignoli, 1983c: 245) Original description

Gasteracantha clarki Emerit, 1974 | | Seychelles urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016009

Gasteracantha clarki Emerit, 1974: 101, f. 42, 43A-B (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha clavatrix (Walckenaer, 1841) | | Indonesia (Lombok, Sulawesi, Mentawai Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016010

Plectana clavatrix Walckenaer, 1841: 186 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha clavatrix Thorell, 1877b: 349

Gasteracantha claveata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 289, pl. 27, f. 17 (Df)

Gasteracantha claveata Pocock, 1897c: 603, pl. 25, f. 5 (f)

Gasteracantha clavatrix Dahl, 1914: 244

Gasteracantha clavigera Giebel, 1863 | | Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia (Sulawesi) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016011

Gasteracantha clavigera Giebel, 1863: 307 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha nigrisparsa Butler, 1873a: 154, pl. 4, f. 11 (Df)

Gasteracantha scoparia Simon, 1877b: 68, pl. 3, f. 1 (Df)

Gasteracantha scoparia Simon, 1895a: 839, f. 889 (f)

Gasteracantha clavigera Dahl, 1914: 244

Gasteracantha crucigera Bradley, 1877 | | Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Borneo), New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016012

Gasteracantha crucigera Bradley, 1877: 138, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha crepidiphora O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 287, pl. 27, f. 14 (Df)

Gasteracantha similis Kulczyński, 1911c: 497, pl. 20, f. 65, 70 (Df)

Gasteracantha crucigera Kulczyński, 1911c: 494, pl. 20, f. 64, 69 (f, Dm)

Gasteracantha crepidiphora Kulczyński, 1911c: 496, pl. 20, f. 66, 71 (f)

Gasteracantha similis tenuiscapus Kulczyński, 1911c: 498 (Df)

Gasteracantha similis melanotica Kulczyński, 1911d: 123 (Df)

Gasteracantha crucigera Dahl, 1914: 247

Gasteracantha crucigera Chrysanthus, 1971: 44, f. 94-96 (f, S)

Gasteracantha curvispina (Guérin, 1837) | | West, Central Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016013

Epeira curvispina Guérin, 1837: 8, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df) Original description

Plectana curvispina Walckenaer, 1841: 154

Gasteracantha walckenaeri Lucas, 1858: 49, 425, pl. 12, f. 7 (Df)

Gasteracantha vaccula Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df)

Gasteracantha retracta Butler, 1873a: 157, pl. 4, f. 12 (Df)

Anchacantha curvispina Butler, 1873a: 157 (type of this new subgenus of Gasteracantha)

Gasteracantha dahomensis Karsch, 1884b: 70 (Df)

Aranoethra cambridgei Simon, 1907d: 304 (m; misidentified per Emerit, 1982c: 465)

Gasteracantha curvispina Simon, 1907d: 300 (Dm)

Gasteracantha curvispina Dahl, 1914: 266, f. 13 (f)

Gasteracantha curvispina Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 328, f. 15-16 (m)

Gasteracantha curvispina Emerit, 1982c: 458, 465, pl. 1, f. A, D, F-G (m)

Gasteracantha curvispina Heinrichs & Barrion, 2004: 207, f. 579-580 (f)

Gasteracantha curvistyla Dahl, 1914 | | Indonesia (Togian Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016014

Gasteracantha curvistyla Dahl, 1914: 245, f. 16 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha dalyi Pocock, 1900 | | Pakistan, India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016016

Gasteracantha dalyi Pocock, 1900a: 232 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha dalyi Tikader, 1982a: 67, f. 135-138 (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Thorell, 1887 | | India to Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016017

Gasteracantha diadesmia Thorell, 1887: 225 (Df; cited under G. panisicea in Roewer) Original description

Gasteracantha diadesmia Tikader, 1970: 40, f. 23c (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Tikader, 1982a: 61, f. 123-126 (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 557, f. 343a-f, 344a-i (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Yin et al., 1997d: 95, f. 24a-c (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 168C-D, P (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Sen et al., 2015: 107, f. 612-616, pl. 21 (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Roy, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017: 6, f. 1-6, 166 (f)

Gasteracantha diadesmia Macharoenboon, Siriwut & Jeratthitikul, 2021: 31, f. 5A-D, 11A-C (f)

Gasteracantha diardi (Lucas, 1835) | | India, China, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016018

Epeira diardi Lucas, 1835: 70, pl. 149, f. 4 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha fornicata C. L. Koch, 1837a: 18, f. 261 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha obliqua C. L. Koch, 1844: 64, f. 884 (Df)

Plectana acuminata Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 12, f. 1 (Df)

Gasteracantha varia Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df)

Gasteracantha unguicornis Butler, 1873a: 159, pl. 4, f. 13 (Df)

Gasteracantha consanguinea Butler, 1873a: 159 (Df)

Gasteracantha dicallina Butler, 1873a: 160, pl. 4, f. 1 (Df)

Gasteracantha sumatrana Butler, 1873a: 162, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha pavesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 282, pl. 26, f. 4 (Df)

Gasteracantha fornicata bubula Thorell, 1890a: 49 (Df)

Gasteracantha montana Thorell, 1890a: 53 (Df)

Gasteracantha fornicata jalorensis Simon, 1901k: 60 (Df)

Gasteracantha bouchardi Simon, 1903h: 302 (Df)

Gasteracantha marsdeni Simon, 1903h: 302 (Df)

Gasteracantha marsdeni punctisternis Strand, 1906d: 264 (Df)

Gasteracantha fornicata olivacea Strand, 1907m: 424 (Df)

Gasteracantha diardi Dahl, 1914: 285

Gasteracantha diardi Kolosváry, 1931: 1057, pl. 30, f. 1 (f)

Gasteracantha diardi Tan et al., 2019a: 43, f. 1B-D, 6A-F (f)

Gasteracantha diardi Macharoenboon, Siriwut & Jeratthitikul, 2021: 33, f. 2, 6A-E, 11D-F (f)

Gasteracantha doriae Simon, 1877 | | Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016019

Gasteracantha doriae Simon, 1877c: 232, pl. 3, f. 3 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha harpax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 284, pl. 26, f. 9 (Df)

Gasteracantha doriae Workman & Workman, 1892: 7, pl. 7 (f)

Gasteracantha kulczynskii Strand, 1906d: 266 (Df)

Gasteracantha fornicata hundeshageni Strand, 1907k: 195 (Df)

Gasteracantha doriae Dahl, 1914: 277

Gasteracantha doriae Macharoenboon, Siriwut & Jeratthitikul, 2021: 35, f. 7A-C, 11G-I (f)

Gasteracantha falcicornis Butler, 1873 | | Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016020

Gasteracantha toxotes Gerstaecker, 1873: 489 (Df)

Gasteracantha resupinata Gerstaecker, 1873: 490, pl. 18, f. 8 (Df)

Gasteracantha falcicornis Butler, 1873a: 158, pl. 4, f. 10 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha petersii Karsch, 1878a: 322, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df)

Gasteracantha falciformis Simon, 1895a: 840 (lapsus)

Gasteracantha falcicornis Dahl, 1914: 276

Gasteracantha falcicornis Emerit, 1974: 107, f. 46D-F (f)

Gasteracantha falcicornis Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e: 6, 4 f. (f habitus)

Gasteracantha fasciata Guérin, 1838 | | New Guinea, Guam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016021

Gasteracantha fasciata Guérin, 1838b: 53 (Df) Original description

Plectana variegata Walckenaer, 1841: 160 (Df)

Gasteracantha variegata L. Koch, 1871: 2

Gasteracantha fasciata Dahl, 1914: 282

Gasteracantha fasciata Chrysanthus, 1971: 49, f. 112-113 (f)

Gasteracantha flava Nicolet, 1849 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016022

Gasteracantha flava Nicolet, 1849: 476 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha fornicata (Fabricius, 1775) | | Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016023

Aranea fornicata Fabricius, 1775: 435 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha vittata L. Koch, 1871: 2, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df)

Gasteracantha bradleyi Thorell, 1881: 12 (Df)

Gasteracantha fornicata Dahl, 1914: 280

Gasteracantha frontata Blackwall, 1864 | | India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia (Flores, Borneo) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016024

Gasteracantha frontata Blackwall, 1864b: 40 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha frontata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 283, pl. 26, f. 5 (f)

Gasteracantha flebilis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 284, pl. 26, f. 8 (Df)

Gasteracantha frontata Dahl, 1914: 283

Gasteracantha gambeyi Simon, 1877 | | New Caledonia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016025

Gasteracantha gambeyi Simon, 1877c: 236, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha geminata (Fabricius, 1798) | | India, Sri Lanka urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016026

Aranea geminata Fabricius, 1798: 292 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha geminata C. L. Koch, 1837a: 16, f. 260 (f)

Plectana geminata Walckenaer, 1841: 158

Gasteracantha connata Butler, 1873a: 168 (Df)

Gasteracantha rimata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 282, pl. 26, f. 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha geminata Simon, 1895a: 836, f. 883-887 (f, Dm)

Gasteracantha geminata Pocock, 1900a: 233, f. 79 (f)

Gasteracantha geminata Dahl, 1914: 267, f. 11 (f)

Gasteracantha geminata Tikader, 1982a: 53, f. 107-110 (f)

Gasteracantha geminata Kim et al., 2013b: 175, f. 1-8 (f)

Gasteracantha geminata Sankaran, Jobi & Sebastian, 2015: 147, f. 1A-F, 2A-F (mf)

Gasteracantha geminata Caleb, 2020b: 15717, f. 3D, 24N (f)

Gasteracantha hecata (Walckenaer, 1841) | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016028

Plectana hecata Walckenaer, 1841: 168 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha falcifera C. L. Koch, 1844: 62, f. 883 (Df)

Gasteracantha hecata Dahl, 1914: 270

Gasteracantha interrupta Dahl, 1914 | | Indonesia (Lombok, Sulawesi) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016029

Gasteracantha interrupta Dahl, 1914: 262, f. 15 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha irradiata (Walckenaer, 1841) | | Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:036933

Plectana irradiata Walckenaer, 1841: 170 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha vittata Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df)

Gasteracantha minahassae Merian, 1911: 235, pl. 9, f. 5 (Df)

Gasteracantha irradiata Dahl, 1914: 284

Gasteracantha janopol Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016030

Gasteracantha janopol Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 553, f. 340a-i (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha kuhli C. L. Koch, 1837 | | India to Japan, Philippines and Indonesia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016031

Gasteracantha kuhlii C. L. Koch, 1837a: 20, f. 262 (Df) Original description

Plectana acuminata Walckenaer, 1841: 159 (Df)

Gasteracantha annulipes C. L. Koch, 1844: 52, f. 876 (Df)

Plectana leucomelas Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 11, f. 8 (Df)

Gasteracantha annamita Simon, 1886a: 148 (Df)

Gasteracantha leucomelaena Thorell, 1887: 231 (Df)

Gasteracantha leucomelas Simon, 1904b: 282, pl. 16, f. 3 (f)

Gasteracantha leucomelas Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 239, pl. 3, f. 18, pl. 15, f. 395 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Dahl, 1914: 262

Gasteracantha nabona Chamberlin, 1924a: 22 (Df)

Gasteracantha leucomelas Sherriffs, 1934: 87, f. 2 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Fox, 1938b: 365 (S)

Gasteracantha leucomelaena Saito, 1939: 10, f. 2(4) (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Nakatsudi, 1943a: 162, f. 11 (f)

Gasteracantha leucomelaena Saito, 1959: 112, f. 137a-d (f)

Gasteracantha leucomelaena Tikader, 1970: 40, f. 23a (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 34, f. 50-52 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Tikader, 1982a: 59, g. 119-122 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Hu, 1984: 114, f. 112.1-2 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Yaginuma, 1986a: 111, f. 58.4 (m)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Chikuni, 1989b: 83, f. 64 (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Feng, 1990: 83, f. 58.1-6 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Chen & Gao, 1990: 62, f. 75 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Chen & Zhang, 1991: 101, f. 95.1-4 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Zhao, 1993: 238, f. 111 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 559, f. 345a-f (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Zhao, 1995: 956, f. 450 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Yin et al., 1997d: 97, f. 26a-f (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 168G-H, M, S-T (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 204, f. 122A-F (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Namkung, 2002: 289, f. 19.50a-b (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Kim & Kim, 2002: 207, f. 46, 127, 240-241 (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Kim & Cho, 2002: 267, f. 655-660 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Namkung, 2003: 291, f. 19.50a-b (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Kim & Park, 2007: 119, f. 1a-d (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Shin, 2007: 160, f. 10A-I (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Tanikawa, 2007c: 52, f. 61-63, 471-472 (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Tanikawa, 2009: 429, f. 55-56 (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 225, f. 161A-F (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Yin et al., 2012: 582, f. 280a-f (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhli Sato, 2012: 68, unnumbered f. (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Kim & Lee, 2012b: 74, f. 53A-D, pl. 13 (mf)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Sen et al., 2015: 108, f. 622-626, pl. 21 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhlii Roy, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017: 6, f. 7-12, 167 (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Tan et al., 2019a: 46, f. 1E, 8A-E (f)

Gasteracantha kuhli Macharoenboon, Siriwut & Jeratthitikul, 2021: 38, f. 8A-D, 11J-L (f)

Gasteracantha lepelletieri (Guérin, 1825) | | Indonesia (Sumatra) to Philippines, New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016032

Epeira lepeletieri Guérin, 1825: 763 (Df, patronym for Lepelletier) Original description

Gasteracantha lepelletieri Guérin, 1838b: 52

Plectana lepelletieri Walckenaer, 1841: 156

Plectana praetextata Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 8, f. 4, pl. 11, f. 6 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha doleschalli Simon, 1877c: 227 (Df)

Actinacantha lepelletieri Simon, 1885a: 37

Gasteracantha praetextata helva Merian, 1911: 235 (Df)

Gasteracantha lepelletieri Dahl, 1914: 250

Gasteracantha lunata Guérin, 1838 | | Timor, Indonesia (Moluccas), New Caledonia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016033

Gasteracantha lunata Guérin, 1838b: 55 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha ternatensis Thorell, 1881: 18 (Df)

Gasteracantha bruijnii Thorell, 1881: 21 (Df)

Gasteracantha bruijnii laeviuscula Thorell, 1881: 21 (Df)

Gasteracantha fragispina Keyserling, 1886a: 92, pl. 7, f. 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha laeviuscula Strand, 1907k: 197 (elevated from subspecies of Gasteracantha bruijni)

Gasteracantha lunata Dahl, 1914: 285 (S of Gasteracantha bruijnii, G. fragispina, G. laeviuscula and G. ternatensis)

Gasteracantha martensi Dahl, 1914 | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016034

Gasteracantha martensi Dahl, 1914: 249, f. 18 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha mediofusca (Doleschall, 1859) | | Indonesia (Java), New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016035

Plectana mediofusca Doleschall, 1859: 44, pl. 13, f. 9 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha mediofusca Merian, 1911: 237

Gasteracantha mediofusca Chrysanthus, 1971: 47, f. 105-106 (removed f from S of G. mammosa per Roewer)

Gasteracantha mengei Keyserling, 1864 | | Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016036

Gasteracantha mengei Keyserling, 1864: 67, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Atelacantha malayensis Simon, 1864: 285 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054568]

Gasteracantha malayensis van Hasselt, 1882: 13 (Df)

Gasteracantha mengei Dahl, 1914: 270, f. 10 (f, S of Gasteracantha malayensis)

Gasteracantha mengei Tan et al., 2019a: 46, f. 1I, 9A-F, 10A-B (f)

Gasteracantha metallica (Pocock, 1898) | | Solomon Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016037

Actinacantha metallica Pocock, 1898b: 465, pl. 19, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha metallica Kulczyński, 1910: 398

Gasteracantha milvoides Butler, 1873 | | Central African Rep., Kenya, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016038

Gasteracantha milvoides Butler, 1873a: 159, pl. 4, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha macrura Pocock, 1898e: 438, pl. 13, f. 3 (Df)

Paurotylus depressus Tullgren, 1910: 171, pl. 4, f. 125 (Dm)

Gasteracantha milvoides Benoit, 1962a: 59 (removed f from S of G. versicolor, S)

Paurotylus depressus Benoit, 1962d: 371, f. 1-3 (m)

Aetrocantha galatea Benoit, 1964a: 47 (S, rejected)

Gasteracantha milvoides Emerit, 1973: 685, f. 5B, pl. IIc (m)

Gasteracantha milvoides Emerit, 1974: 107, f. 46A-C (f)

Gasteracantha milvoides Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 328, f. 13-14 (m)

Gasteracantha milvoides Emerit, 1982c: 458, pl. 1, f. C, E (m, S)

Gasteracantha milvoides Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e: 7, p. 5: 1 f., p. 7: 5 f. (f habitus)

Gasteracantha notata Kulczyński, 1910 | | Papua New Guinea (New Britain) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016039

Gasteracantha notata Kulczyński, 1910: 398, pl. 17, f. 10 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha panisicca Butler, 1873 | | Myanmar to Philippines, Indonesia (Java) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016040

Gasteracantha panisicca Butler, 1873a: 162, pl. 4, f. 14 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha panisicca Dahl, 1914: 287

Gasteracantha panisicea Kolosváry, 1931: 1063, pl. 30, f. 2 (f)

Gasteracantha parangdiadesmia Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016041

Gasteracantha parangdiadesmia Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 555, f. 342a-e (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha pentagona (Walckenaer, 1841) | | Papua New Guinea (New Ireland, New Britain, Bismarck Arch.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016042

Plectana pentagona Walckenaer, 1841: 168 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha pentagona L. Koch, 1871: 9, pl. 1, f. 6 (f)

Gasteracantha (Stanneoclavis) pentagona Butler, 1873a: 173

Stanneoclavis studeri Karsch, 1878c: 799 (Df)

Gasteracantha strasseni Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df)

Gasteracantha mahurica Strand, 1913d: 118 (Df)

Gasteracantha pentagona Dahl, 1914: 248

Gasteracantha strasseni Strand, 1915d: 229, pl. 14, f. 25-26, pl. 17, f. 72 (f)

Gasteracantha strasseni anirica Strand, 1915d: 230 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016043]

Gasteracantha pentagona Chrysanthus, 1971: 45, f. 97-100 (mf)

Gasteracantha pentagona Nentwig et al., 2019: 37 (S of Gasteracantha pentagona anirica)

Gasteracantha picta (Thorell, 1893) | j | Singapore urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016044

Bunocrania picta Thorell, 1893: 251 (Dj) Original description

Gasteracantha quadrispinosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 | | New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016045

Gasteracantha quadrispinosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 281, pl. 26, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha papuana Thorell, 1881: 15 (Df)

Gasteracantha quadrispina Lamb, 1911: 171, f. 2 (Df)

Gasteracantha wolfi Strand, 1911b: 205 (Df)

Gasteracantha quadrispinosa Dahl, 1914: 270

Gasteracantha quadrispinosa Chrysanthus, 1971: 48, f. 107-108 (f)

Gasteracantha recurva Simon, 1877 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016046

Gasteracantha recurva Simon, 1877b: 70, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha recurva Simon, 1895a: 839, f. 890 (f)

Gasteracantha regalis Butler, 1873 | | Vanuatu urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016047

Gasteracantha regalis Butler, 1873a: 156, pl. 4, f. 7 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha remifera Butler, 1873 | | India, Sri Lanka urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016048

Gasteracantha remifera Butler, 1873a: 154, pl. 4, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Plectana clavatrix Karsch, 1892: 277 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha remifera Pocock, 1900a: 233, f. 78 (f)

Gasteracantha remifera Dahl, 1914: 244

Gasteracantha remifera Tikader, 1982a: 65, f. 131-134 (f)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea Guérin, 1838 | | Mauritius urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016049

Gasteracantha rhomboidea Guérin, 1838b: 54 (Df) Original description

Plectana mauricia Walckenaer, 1841: 155 (Df)

Gasteracantha mauritia Vinson, 1863: 239, 315

Gasteracantha peccans O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 293, pl. 26, f. 6 (Df)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea Dahl, 1914: 287

Gasteracantha rhomboidea Emerit, 1974: 97, f. 27D, 39, 40A-C (f)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea comorensis Strand, 1916 | | Comoros, Mayotte urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016050

Gasteracantha comorensis Strand, 1916d: 117 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha rhomboidea comorensis Emerit, 1974: 95, f. 38A-B (f, reduced to subspecies)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea comorensis Nentwig et al., 2019: 37 (subspecies inquirenda)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016051

Gasteracantha madagascariensis Vinson, 1863: 242, 315, pl. 9, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha madagascariensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 285, pl. 26, f. 10 (f)

Gasteracantha sepulchralis Simon, 1881e: 2 (Df)

Gasteracantha nigripes Simon, 1881e: 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Benoit, 1964a: 50 (removed f from S of G. sanguinolenta, placed as subspecies, S G. comorensis, rejected)

Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Emerit, 1974: 91, f. 27C, 28C, 36, 37A-E (f, Dm)

Gasteracantha rubrospinis Guérin, 1838 | | Thailand, Indonesia (Lombok, Sulawesi, Moluccas), New Caledonia, Guam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016052

Gasteracantha rubrospinis Guérin, 1838b: 53 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha butleri Thorell, 1877b: 350 (Df)

Gasteracantha circumnotata Simon, 1877c: 229 (Df)

Gasteracantha simoni Keyserling, 1886a: 90, pl. 7, f. 2 (Df)

Gasteracantha eurygaster Thorell, 1890a: 25 (Df)

Gasteracantha circumnotata Pocock, 1897c: 603, pl. 25, f. 2 (f)

Gasteracantha butleri elberti Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df)

Gasteracantha rubrospinis Dahl, 1914: 282 (S all names above)

Gasteracantha butleri elberti Strand, 1915d: 230, pl. 17, f. 73 (f)

Gasteracantha rufithorax Simon, 1881 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016053

Gasteracantha rufithorax Simon, 1881e: 2 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Benoit, 1964a: 50 (S, rejected)

Gasteracantha rufithorax Emerit, 1974: 97, f. 38B, 41B (f, removed from S)

Gasteracantha sacerdotalis L. Koch, 1872 | | New Guinea, Australia (Queensland), New Caledonia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016054

Gasteracantha sacerdotalis L. Koch, 1872a: 198, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sylvestris Simon, 1877c: 234, pl. 3, f. 6 (Df)

Gasteracantha sacerdotalis Thorell, 1881: 28

Gasteracantha sanguinea Dahl, 1914 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016055

Gasteracantha sanguinea Dahl, 1914: 245, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 | | Africa, Seychelles, Yemen (mainland, Socotra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016056

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844: 51, f. 875 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha ensifera Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df)

Gasteracantha ornata Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df)

Gasteracantha lepida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871c: 821, pl. 50, f. 2 (Df)

Gasteracantha radiata Gerstaecker, 1873: 488 (Df)

Gasteracantha impotens Gerstaecker, 1873: 491 (Df)

Gasteracantha nana Butler, 1873a: 168, pl. 4, f. 4 (Df)

Gasteracantha vittata Keyserling, 1877b: 85, pl. 3, f. 1 (Df)

Gasteracantha molesta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 286, pl. 27, f. 13 (Df)

Gasteracantha importuna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 286, pl. 26, f. 12 (Df)

Gasteracantha formosa confluxa Karsch, 1884a: 68 (Df)

Gasteracantha schweinfurthi Simon, 1890a: 100 (Df)

Gasteracantha sodalis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898b: 388, pl. 31, f. 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha spenceri Pocock, 1900e: 324 (Df)

Gasteracantha abyssinica Strand, 1907a: 537 (Dj)

Gasteracantha abyssinica Strand, 1907n: 644 (Df)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Dahl, 1914: 278

Gasteracantha occidentalis Dahl, 1914: 283, f. 20 (Df)

Gasteracantha occidentalis Archer, 1951d: 2, f. 2 (f)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Benoit, 1962a: 63, f. 42 (S)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Benoit, 1964a: 50 (S)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Wiehle, 1967b: 193, f. 36 (f)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Emerit, 1974: 77, f. 27B, 30A-C (f)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 329, f. 9-10 (Dm)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e: 8, 4 f. (f habitus)

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta andrefanae Emerit, 1974 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016057

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta andrefanae Emerit, 1974: 83, f. 33A-C (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta bigoti Emerit, 1974 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016058

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta bigoti Emerit, 1974: 84, f. 28E, 34, 35A-C (Dmf) Original description

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta emeriti Roberts, 1983 | | Seychelles (Aldabra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016059

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta emeriti Roberts, 1983: 286, f. 225-234 (Dmf) Original description

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta insulicola Emerit, 1974 | | Seychelles urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016060

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta insulicola Emerit, 1974: 81, f. 32C (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta legendrei Emerit, 1974 | | Europa Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016061

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta legendrei Emerit, 1974: 89, f. 32B (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta mangrovae Emerit, 1974 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016062

Gasteracantha sanguinolenta mangrovae Emerit, 1974: 87, f. 28D, 32A (Dmf) Original description

Gasteracantha sapperi Dahl, 1914 | | New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016064

Gasteracantha sapperi Dahl, 1914: 249, f. 3 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sauteri Dahl, 1914 | | China, Taiwan, Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016065

Gasteracantha sauteri Dahl, 1914: 281, f. 14 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sauteri Kayashima, 1943b: 4, pl. 4 (f)

Gasteracantha fornicata Saito, 1959: 112, f. 138 (S, rejected)

Gasteracantha sauteri Feng, 1990: 85, f. 60.1-5 (f)

Gasteracantha sauteri Yin et al., 1997d: 100, f. 28a-c (f)

Gasteracantha sauteri Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 168I-J, N, 169A (f)

Gasteracantha scintillans Butler, 1873 | | Solomon Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016066

Gasteracantha scintillans Butler, 1873a: 156, pl. 4, f. 9 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha scintillans concolor Rainbow, 1913: 12 (Df)

Gasteracantha scintillans Chrysanthus, 1971: 45, f. 101-103 (f, S)

Gasteracantha signifera Pocock, 1898 | | Solomon Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016067

Gasteracantha mollusca Keyserling, 1886a: 88, pl. 7, f. 1 (f, misidentified)

Gasteracantha signifer Pocock, 1898b: 465, pl. 19, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha signifera Dahl, 1914: 281

Gasteracantha signifera Chrysanthus, 1971: 49, f. 109-111 (f)

Gasteracantha signifera bistrigella Strand, 1911 | | Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016068

Gasteracantha signifera bistrigella Strand, 1911b: 206 (D) Original description

Gasteracantha signifera bistrigella Strand, 1915d: 236, pl. 20, f. 80 (f)

Gasteracantha signifera bistrigella Nentwig et al., 2019: 37 (subspecies inquirenda)

Gasteracantha signifera heterospina Strand, 1915 | | Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016069

Gasteracantha signifera heterospina Strand, 1915d: 236 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha signifera heterospina Nentwig et al., 2019: 37 (subspecies inquirenda)

Gasteracantha signifera pustulinota Strand, 1911 | | Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016070

Gasteracantha signifera pustulinota Strand, 1911b: 206 (D) Original description

Gasteracantha signifera pustulinota Strand, 1915d: 236, pl. 20, f. 84 (f)

Gasteracantha signifera pustulinota Nentwig et al., 2019: 37 (subspecies inquirenda)

Gasteracantha simoni O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 | | Central Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016071

Gasteracantha simoni O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 289, pl. 27, f. 18 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha connata Simon, 1895a: 843

Gasteracantha sororna Butler, 1873 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016072

Gasteracantha sororna Butler, 1873a: 155, pl. 4, f. 15 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha sturi (Doleschall, 1857) | | Laos, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Moluccas urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016073

Plectana sturii Doleschall, 1857: 424 (Df) Original description

Plectana centrum Doleschall, 1857: 425 (Df)

Plectana sturi Doleschall, 1859: pl. 8, f. 1 (f)

Gasteracantha sturi Thorell, 1878b: 9, 294

Gasteracantha nigristernis Simon, 1899a: 92 (Df)

Gasteracantha sturi Dahl, 1914: 284

Gasteracantha sturi Kolosváry, 1931: 1068, pl. 30, f. 3 (f)

Gasteracantha subaequispina Dahl, 1914 | | Borneo, New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016074

Gasteracantha subaequispina Dahl, 1914: 278, f. 19 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha taeniata (Walckenaer, 1841) | | India to Polynesia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016075

Plectana taeniata Walckenaer, 1841: 169 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha violenta L. Koch, 1871: 5, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df)

Gasteracantha taeniata L. Koch, 1871: 10

Gasteracantha hebridisia Butler, 1873a: 165 (Df)

Gasteracantha albiventer Butler, 1873a: 166, pl. 4, f. 6 (Df)

Gasteracantha relegata Simon, 1877c: 235 (Df)

Gasteracantha albertisii Thorell, 1881: 2 (Df)

Gasteracantha wallacei Thorell, 1881: 13 (Df)

Gasteracantha karschii Thorell, 1887: 230 (Df)

Gasteracantha bradleyi trivittinota Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016086]

Gasteracantha bradleyi univittinota Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016087]

Gasteracantha taeniata maculella Strand, 1911d: 154 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016081]

Gasteracantha taeniata Dahl, 1914: 287

Gasteracantha taeniata bawensis Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016078]

Gasteracantha taeniata jamurensis Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016079]

Gasteracantha taeniata obsoletopicta Strand, 1915d: 235, pl. 18, f. 75 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016083]

Gasteracantha taeniata oinokensis Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016084]

Gasteracantha taeniata sentanensis Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016085]

Gasteracantha bradleyi trivittinota Strand, 1915d: 234, pl. 17, f. 74, pl. 18, f. 83 (f)

Gasteracantha taeniata Chrysanthus, 1959: 202, f. 5, 14, 27 (f)

Gasteracantha taeniata Chrysanthus, 1960: 23, f. 7-8 (Dm)

Gasteracantha taeniata Nentwig et al., 2019: 36, 37 (S of Gasteracantha taeniata bawensis, G. taeniata jamurensis, G. taeniata maculella, G. taeniata obsoletopicta, G. taeniata oinokensis, G. taeniata sentanensis, G. taeniata trivittinota and G. taeniata univittinota)

Gasteracantha taeniata analispina Strand, 1911 | | New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016076

Gasteracantha analispina Strand, 1911b: 205 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha analispina Strand, 1915d: 232, pl. 18, f. 81 (f)

Gasteracantha taeniata analispina Nentwig et al., 2019: 35 (subspecies inquirenda)

Gasteracantha taeniata anirensis Strand, 1911 | | Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016077

Gasteracantha analispina anirensis Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha analispina anirensis Strand, 1915d: 233, pl. 18, f. 78 (f)

Gasteracantha taeniata anirensis Nentwig et al., 2019: 35 (subspecies inquirenda)

Gasteracantha taeniata lugubris Simon, 1898 | | Solomon Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016080

Gasteracantha hebridisia lugubris Simon, 1898b: 274 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha taeniata novahannoveriana Dahl, 1914 | | Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016082

Gasteracantha taeniata nova-hannoveriana Dahl, 1914: 288, f. 21 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha theisi Guérin, 1838 | | Indonesia, New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016088

Gasteracantha theisii Guérin, 1838b: 54 (Df) Original description

Plectana praetextata Walckenaer, 1841: 166 (Df)

Gasteracantha aruana Thorell, 1881: 40 (Df)

Gasteracantha theisi quadrisignatella Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016091]

Gasteracantha aruana antemaculata Strand, 1911d: 154 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016089]

Gasteracantha aruana keyana Strand, 1911d: 154 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016090]

Gasteracantha theisi Dahl, 1914: 249

Gasteracantha theisi Strand, 1915d: 228, pl. 18, f. 77 (f)

Gasteracantha theisi Chrysanthus, 1959: 203, f. 12, 15-18, 20-23 (mf)

Gasteracantha theisi Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 17 (m)

Gasteracantha theisi Nentwig et al., 2019: 36, 37 (S of Gasteracantha theisi antemaculata, G. theisi keyana and G. theisi quadrisignatella)

Gasteracantha thomasinsulae Archer, 1951 | | São Tomé and Príncipe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016092

Gasteracantha thomasinsulae Archer, 1951d: 1, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha thorelli Keyserling, 1864 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016093

Gasteracantha thorellii Keyserling, 1864: 67, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha formosa thorelli Strand, 1907n: 642

Gasteracantha thorelli Dahl, 1914: 276

Gasteracantha thorelli Emerit, 1974: 111, f. 28B, 48C, 50, 51A-C (f, Dm)

Gasteracantha tondanae Pocock, 1897 | | Indonesia (Sulawesi) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016094

Gasteracantha tondanae Pocock, 1897c: 604, pl. 25, f. 3 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha transversa C. L. Koch, 1837 | | Indonesia (Sumatra, Java) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016095

Gasteracantha transversa C. L. Koch, 1837a: 14, f. 259 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha nebulosa Butler, 1873a: 164 (Df)

Gasteracantha vittata longicornis Strand, 1907m: 422 (Df)

Gasteracantha transversa Dahl, 1914: 280

Gasteracantha unguifera Simon, 1889 | | India, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016096

Gasteracantha unguifera Simon, 1889i: 336 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha unguifera Tikader, 1970: 38, f. 23e-f (f)

Gasteracantha unguifera Tikader, 1982a: 57, f. 115-118 (f)

Gasteracantha unguifera Mi & Peng, 2013b: 797, f. 6-15 (f, Dm)

Gasteracantha versicolor (Walckenaer, 1841) | | Central, East, Southern Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016097

Plectana versicolor Walckenaer, 1841: 161 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha scapha Gerstaecker, 1873: 487 (Df)

Gasteracantha versicolor Dahl, 1914: 279

Gasteracantha versicolor nigristerna Caporiacco, 1941b: 88 (Df)

Gasteracantha versicolor Benoit, 1962a: 61, f. 40 (S)

Gasteracantha versicolor Emerit, 1968: 898, f. 1-3 (mf)

Gasteracantha versicolor Emerit, 1973: 686, f. 5A. pl. IIA-B (Dm)

Gasteracantha versicolor Emerit, 1974: 103, f. 28F, 47A-B (mf)

Gasteracantha versicolor Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 330, f. 11-12 (m)

Gasteracantha versicolor Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e: 9, p. 5: 1 f., p. 9: 5 f., p. 10: 2 f. (f habitus)

Gasteracantha versicolor avaratrae Emerit, 1974 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016098

Gasteracantha versicolor avaratrae Emerit, 1974: 109, f. 48A, 49A-C (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha versicolor formosa Vinson, 1863 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016099

Gasteracantha formosa Vinson, 1863: 244, 315, pl. 9, f. 7 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha formosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879c: 285, pl. 26, f. 11 (f)

Gasteracantha versicolor formosa Emerit, 1974: 109, f. 2A-C, 27A, 28A, 29, 45A-E, 48B (f, placed as subspecies, Dm)

Gasteracantha westringi Keyserling, 1864 | | Australia, Admiralty Is., New Caledonia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016100

Gasteracantha westringii Keyserling, 1864: 66, pl. 1, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha laeta Fauvel, 1865: 68, pl. 1, f. 18 (Df)

Gasteracantha westringi L. Koch, 1871: 7, pl. 1, f. 4 (f)

Gasteracantha mollusca L. Koch, 1871: 7, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df)

Gasteracantha ocillatum Urquhart, 1889b: 152, pl. 7, f. 1-3 (Df)

Gasteracantha wogeonis Strand, 1911b: 205 (Df)

Gasteracantha westringi Dahl, 1914: 281

Gasteracantha wogeonis Strand, 1915d: 231, pl. 18, f. 82 (f)