World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; family status of Paraplectanoididae, Nephilidae and Phonognathidae revalidated by Kuntner et al., 2025: 17, 23, but not accepted here for reasons of stability; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimetidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 241 and Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 consider Zygiellidae as the valid name instead of Phonognathidae and accept the family status of Nephilidae; the status of the Nephilinae and Phonognathinae (= Zygiellidae) as subfamilies is accepted by majority vote of the WSC boards; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 list ten subfamilies and tribes as valid (besides Nephilidae and Zygiellidae): Araneinae, Argiopinae Simon, 1890a: 81 (sub Argiopidae), Cyrtarachninae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtarachneae), Сyrtophorinae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtophoreae), Gasteracanthinae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871e: 217 (sub Gasteracanthides), Micratheninae Simon, 1895a: 848 (sub Micratheneae), Guizygiellinae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 42, Caerostrini Simon, 1895a: 831 (sub Cerostreae), Hypognathini Simon, 1895a: 871 (sub Hypognatheae) and Poltyini Simon, 1895a: 888 (sub Poltyeae).

In synonymy:

Lariniacantha Archer, 1951 = Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388)

Parepeira Mello-Leitão, 1933 = Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388)

Pickardiana Mello-Leitão, 1943 = Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1988: 472)

Subaraneus Caporiacco, 1948 = Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388)

Subedricus Caporiacco, 1954 = Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388)

Gen. Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01436

type Alpaida conica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889; gender feminine

N.B.: removed from the synonymy of Araneus Clerck, 1757 and considered a senior synonym of Parepeira Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 41 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05287] (type Epeira albostriata Keyserling, 1865 = Alpaida leucogramma (White, 1841)) (contra Archer, 1951a: 42, who considered that name a junior synonym of Cercidia by transfer of type species), Subaraneus Caporiacco, 1948a: 661 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05289] (type Epeira veniliae Keyserling, 1865), Lariniacantha Archer, 1951a: 15 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05286] (type Epeira grayi Blackwall, 1863) and Subedricus Caporiacco, 1954: 84 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05290] (type Epeira nigropustulata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865)) by Levi, 1976: 388, and of Pickardiana Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 192 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05288] (type Epeira truncata Keyserling, 1865) by Levi, 1988: 472 (by transfer of type species, contra Archer, 1951a: 20, who considered that name a junior synonym of Verrucosa).

Transferred to other genera:

Alpaida calix (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Metazygia

Alpaida duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Spilasma

Alpaida erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) -- see Mecynogea

Alpaida mammifera (Tullgren, 1902) -- see Molinaranea

Alpaida maura (Hentz, 1847) -- see Metazygia

Alpaida montecarlo Levi, 1988 -- see Larinia

Alpaida riscoi (Archer, 1971) -- see Rubrepeira

Alpaida rubronigra (Mello-Leitão, 1939) -- see Rubrepeira

In synonymy:

Alpaida aestimabilis (Keyserling, 1892, T from Araneus) = Alpaida championi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1988: 454)

Alpaida albonotata (Mello-Leitão, 1945, T from Epeiroides) = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 472)

Alpaida albostriata (Keyserling, 1865) = Alpaida leucogramma (White, 1841) (Levi, 1988: 391)

Alpaida albostriata columbiana (Strand, 1915) = Alpaida leucogramma (White, 1841) (Levi, 1988: 391)

Alpaida albotaeniata (Mello-Leitão, 1942, T from Wixia) = Alpaida rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 395)

Alpaida borellii (Simon, 1897, T from Araneus) = Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402)

Alpaida carteri (Badcock, 1932, T from Araneus) = Alpaida alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1988: 415)

Alpaida caxias Levi, 1988 = Alpaida tijuca Levi, 1988 (Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 339)

Alpaida citrinella (Roewer, 1942, T from Metepeira) = Alpaida citrina (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 418)

Alpaida coniformis (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = Alpaida conica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1988: 462)

Alpaida cylindrica (Taczanowski, 1878, T from Epeira) = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Simon, 1895a: 811, sub Araneus)

Alpaida deliciosa (Keyserling, 1893, T from Araneus) = Alpaida carminea (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 406)

Alpaida designata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, T from Araneus) = Alpaida bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 387)

Alpaida elegantissima (Taczanowski, 1878, T from Epeira) = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Simon, 1895a: 811, sub Araneus)

Alpaida ensifer (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Edricus) = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Caporiacco, 1954: 85, sub Subedricus nigropustulatus)

Alpaida fissifasciata (Mello-Leitão, 1945, T from Wixia) = Alpaida bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 387)

Alpaida goeldii (Karsch, 1886) = Alpaida alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) (Simon, 1891c: 10, sub Epeira)

Alpaida inexplicabilis (Badcock, 1932, T from Araneus) = Alpaida rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 395)

Alpaida lanei Levi, 1988 = Alpaida atomaria (Simon, 1895) (Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 335)

Alpaida multipunctata (Simon, 1895, T from Araneus) = Alpaida tabula (Simon, 1895) (Levi, 1988: 404)

Alpaida mutata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, T from Araneus) = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 472)

Alpaida nigropunctata (Mello-Leitão, 1941, T from Wixia) = Alpaida rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 395)

Alpaida nigropunctata (Taczanowski, 1878, T from Araneus) = Alpaida calotypa (Chamberlin, 1916) (Levi, 1988: 461)

Alpaida nigropunctatula (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = Alpaida calotypa (Chamberlin, 1916) (Levi, 1988: 461)

Alpaida nigropustulata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) = Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 472)

Alpaida ocellifera (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = Alpaida quadrilorata (Simon, 1897) (Levi, 1988: 467)

Alpaida octomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = Alpaida quadrilorata (Simon, 1897) (Levi, 1988: 467)

Alpaida pantherina (Taczanowski, 1873, T from Araneus) = Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402)

Alpaida rhodomelas (Taczanowski, 1878, T from Araneus) = Alpaida acuta (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 450)

Alpaida roemeri (Strand, 1908) = Alpaida navicula (L. Koch, 1871) (Framenau, Scharff & Levi, 2009: 25)

Alpaida spinigera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, T from Wixia) = Alpaida bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 387)

Alpaida taczanowskii (Simon, 1897, T from Araneus) = Alpaida delicata (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 458)

Alpaida trisignata (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = Alpaida trilineata (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 445)

Alpaida undulata (Bertkau, 1880) = Alpaida alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) (Simon, 1891c: 10, sub Epeira)

Alpaida unguiformis (Keyserling, 1893, T from Metazygia) = Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402)

Alpaida veles (Keyserling, 1879, T from Epeira) = Alpaida grayi (Blackwall, 1863) (Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295, sub Araneus)

Alpaida wiedenmeyeri (Schenkel, 1953, T from Metepeira) = Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402)

Alpaida xavantina Levi, 1988 = Alpaida moka Levi, 1988 (Poeta & Lise, 2015: 399)

Alpaida acuta (Keyserling, 1865) | | Panama to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014480

Epeira acuta Keyserling, 1865: 816, pl. 18, f. 13-14 (Df) Original description

Epeira rhodomelas Taczanowski, 1878b: 147, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062218]

Epeira acuta Keyserling, 1893: 228, pl. 11, f. 169 (f)

Araneus acutus Simon, 1897e: 2

Araneus rhodomelas Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312

Wixia acuta Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 261 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida acuta Levi, 1988: 450, f. 421-426 (Dm, f, T from Wixia, S of Araneus rhodomelas)

Alpaida acuta Levi, 2002: 545, f. 175-177 (f)

Alpaida albocincta (Mello-Leitão, 1945) | | Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014481

Epeirella albocincta Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 236 (Dj) Original description

Alpaida albocincta Levi, 1988: 466, f. 525-529 (Dmf, T from Epeirella)

Alpaida almada Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014482

Alpaida almada Levi, 1988: 482, f. 635-639 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida almada Levi, 2002: 547, f. 189-190 (m)

Alpaida alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) | | Brazil, Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014483

Epeira alticeps Keyserling, 1879: 311, pl. 4, f. 13 (Df) Original description

Epeira undulata Bertkau, 1880a: 89, pl. 2, f. 32 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062224]

Epeira göldii Karsch, 1886b: 92, pl. 3, f. 9 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062225]

Epeira alticeps Simon, 1891c: 10 (S of Epeira goeldii and E. undulata)

Epeira alticeps Keyserling, 1892: 203, pl. 9, f. 150 (f)

Araneus alticeps Petrunkevitch, 1911: 278

Araneus carteri Badcock, 1932: 25, f. 17 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062202]

Verrucosa alticeps Roewer, 1942a: 879

Alpaida alticeps Levi, 1976: 358 (T from Verrucosa)

Alpaida alticeps Levi, 1988: 415, f. 182-187 (mf, S of Araneus carteri)

Alpaida alto Levi, 1988 | | Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014484

Alpaida alto Levi, 1988: 434, f. 320-323 (Df) Original description

Alpaida alvarengai Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014485

Alpaida alvarengai Levi, 1988: 407, f. 128-133 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida amambay Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014486

Alpaida amambay Levi, 1988: 429, f. 274-277 (Df) Original description

Alpaida anchicaya Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014487

Alpaida anchicaya Levi, 1988: 474, f. 587-592 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida angra Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014488

Alpaida angra Levi, 1988: 468, f. 537-540 (Df) Original description

Alpaida antonio Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014489

Alpaida antonio Levi, 1988: 446, f. 392-395 (Df; m f. 396-397 see Alpaida pretiosa) Original description

Alpaida antonio Dierkens, 2014b: 15, f. 1, 38 (f)

Alpaida arvoredo Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:044647

Alpaida hoffmanni Levi, 1988: 400, f. 95-96 (m; misidentified per Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011: 263)

Alpaida arvoredo Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011: 263, f. 3-7 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida atomaria (Simon, 1895) | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014490

Salassina atomaria Simon, 1895a: 781 (Df) Original description

Edricus atomarius Petrunkevitch, 1911: 337

Alpaida atomaria Levi, 1988: 458, f. 479-482 (f, T from Edricus)

Alpaida lanei Levi, 1988: 412, f. 170-171 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014542]

Alpaida atomaria Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 335, f. 9A-H, 10A-E (mf, S of Alpaida lanei)

Alpaida audiberti Dierkens, 2014 | | French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046664

Alpaida monzon audiberti Dierkens, 2014b: 17, f. 11-12, 43 (Df) Original description

Alpaida audiberti Sherwood, 2024b: 218 (elevated from subspecies of Alpaida monzon)

Alpaida banos Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014491

Alpaida banos Levi, 1988: 428, f. 261-266 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida banos Dierkens, 2014b: 15, f. 2, 27 (m)

Alpaida batman Baptista, Castanheira & Schinelli, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064342

Alpaida batman Baptista, Castanheira & Schinelli in Baptista et al., 2025: 81, f. 1A-E, 2A-D (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida biasii Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014492

Alpaida biasii Levi, 1988: 422, f. 231-233 (Df) Original description

Alpaida bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) | | Costa Rica to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014493

Epeira bicornuta Taczanowski, 1878b: 168, pl. 2, f. 18 (Dmf) Original description

Epeira spinigera O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 43, pl. 5, f. 9-10 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062219]

Epeira spinigera Keyserling, 1892: 131, pl. 7, f. 97 (f)

Epeira spinigera McCook, 1894: 191, pl. 14, f. 3-4 (f)

Araneus bicornutus Simon, 1895a: 818

Aranea spinigera F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 515, pl. 49, f. 16 (f)

Araneus spiniger Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317

Araneus designatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 51, pl. 14, f. 126-127 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062206]

Wixia fissifasciata Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 244, f. 27 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062208]

Wixia spinigera Caporiacco, 1948a: 654 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida bicornuta Levi, 1988: 387, f. 9, 11-18 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus designatus, Wixia fissifasciata and W. spinigera)

Alpaida bicornuta Dierkens, 2014b: 16, f. 3-4, 28, 39 (mf)

Alpaida bischoffi Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014494

Alpaida bischoffi Levi, 1988: 424, f. 234-238 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida boa Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014495

Alpaida boa Levi, 1988: 447, f. 408-409 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida boa Dierkens, 2014b: 16, f. 5, 29 (m)

Alpaida boraceia Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014496

Alpaida boraceia Levi, 1988: 436, f. 328-329 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida cachimbo Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014497

Alpaida cachimbo Levi, 1988: 400, f. 90-91 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida cali Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014498

Alpaida cali Levi, 1988: 477, f. 611-616 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida calotypa (Chamberlin, 1916) | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014499

Epeira nigropunctata Taczanowski, 1878b: 167, pl. 2, f. 17 (Dmf; preoccupied by L. Koch, 1871, see Araneus nigropunctatus) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062226]

Araneus nigropunctatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306

Araneus calotypa Chamberlin, 1916: 256, pl. 19, f. 4 (Dmf) Original description

Aranea nigropunctatula Roewer, 1942a: 848 (replacement name) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062213]

Alpaida calotypa Levi, 1988: 461, f. 501-505 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus nigropunctatulus and A. nigropunctatus)

Alpaida canela Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014500

Alpaida canela Levi, 1988: 421, f. 216-218 (Df) Original description

Alpaida canoa Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014501

Alpaida canoa Levi, 1988: 439, f. 348-353 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida capixaba Baptista, Castanheira & Schinelli, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064343

Alpaida capixaba Baptista, Castanheira & Schinelli in Baptista et al., 2025: 83, f. 3A-E, 4A-E (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida caramba Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:044648

Alpaida caramba Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011: 263, f. 8-12 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida carminea (Taczanowski, 1878) | | Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014502

Epeira carminea Taczanowski, 1878b: 163, pl. 2, f. 14 (Df) Original description

Epeira deliciosa Keyserling, 1893: 234, pl. 11, f. 274 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062205]

Araneus deliciosus Simon, 1897e: 2

Araneus carmineus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 284

Parepeira carminea Mello-Leitão, 1942a: 429, f. 1 (f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida carminea Levi, 1988: 406, f. 122-127 (mf, S of Araneus deliciosus)

Alpaida carminea Luna-Sarmiento & Sabogal-González, 2023: 140, f. 4E-F (f)

Alpaida chaco Levi, 1988 | | Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014504

Alpaida chaco Levi, 1988: 408, f. 140-142 (Df) Original description

Alpaida championi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014505

Epeira championi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 42, pl. 5, f. 12-13 (Dmf) Original description

Epeira aestimabilis Keyserling, 1892: 181, pl. 9, f. 133 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062196]

Aranea championi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 517, pl. 50, f. 1-2 (mf)

Araneus aestimabilis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277

Araneus championi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285

Alpaida championi Levi, 1988: 454, f. 446-451 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus aestimabilis)

Alpaida championi Levi, 2002: 545, f. 182-184 (f)

Alpaida chapada Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014506

Alpaida chapada Levi, 1988: 402, f. 97-100 (Df) Original description

Alpaida chickeringi Levi, 1988 | | Panama to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014507

Alpaida chickeringi Levi, 1988: 480, f. 628-634 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida cisneros Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014508

Alpaida cisneros Levi, 1988: 476, f. 599-602 (Df) Original description

Alpaida cisneros Poeta & Lise, 2015: 398, f. 5-6 (Dm)

Alpaida citrina (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014509

Epeira citrina Keyserling, 1892: 88, pl. 4, f. 66 (Df; not preoccupied in Araneus by Fourcroy, 1785, see Misumena vatia) Original description

Araneus citrinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285

Aranea citrinella Roewer, 1942a: 839 (superfluous replacement name) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062203]

Metepeira citrina Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida citrina Levi, 1988: 418, f. 204-206 (f, T from Metepeira, S of Metepeira citrinella)

Alpaida citrina Rodrigues & Mendonça, 2011: 61, f. 1-4 (Dm)

Alpaida clarindoi Nogueira & Dias, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048410

Alpaida clarindoi Nogueira & Dias, 2015: 416, f. 1-9 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida coati Baptista, Castanheira, do Prado & Assunção-Oliveira, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064344

Alpaida coati Baptista, Castanheira, Prado & Assunção-Oliveira in Baptista et al., 2025: 85, f. 5A-E, 6A-D (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida conica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014510 TYPE SPECIES

Alpaida conica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 53, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df; would be preoccupied in Araneus by Pallas, 1772, see Cyclosa conica) Original description

Alpaida conica Keyserling, 1893: 281, pl. 14, f. 207 (f)

Aranea conica F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 519

Araneus conicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 286

Aranea coniformis Roewer, 1942a: 839 (superfluous replacement name) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062204]

Alpaida conica Levi, 1988: 462, f. 506-511 (Dm, f, T from Araneus, S of Araneus coniformis)

Alpaida constant Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014511

Alpaida constant Levi, 1988: 402, f. 101-102 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida coroico Levi, 1988 | | Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014512

Alpaida coroico Levi, 1988: 392, f. 39-43 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida costai Levi, 1988 | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014513

Alpaida costai Levi, 1988: 464, f. 515-518 (Df) Original description

Alpaida cuiaba Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014514

Alpaida cuiaba Levi, 1988: 399, f. 86-89 (Df) Original description

Alpaida cuyabeno Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014515

Alpaida cuyabeno Levi, 1988: 428, f. 267-270 (Df) Original description

Alpaida darlingtoni Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014516

Alpaida darlingtoni Levi, 1988: 468, f. 541-546 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida deborae Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Suriname, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014517

Alpaida deborae Levi, 1988: 442, f. 364-366 (Df) Original description

Alpaida deborae Dierkens, 2014b: 16, f. 6, 40 (f)

Alpaida delicata (Keyserling, 1892) | | Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014518

Epeira delicata Keyserling, 1892: 183, pl. 9, f. 135 (Dmf) Original description

Araneus taczanowskii Simon, 1897b: 473 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062220]

Araneus delicatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 288

Alpaida delicata Levi, 1988: 458, f. 472-478 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus taczanowskii)

Alpaida delicata Dierkens, 2014b: 17, f. 7-8, 30, 41 (mf)

Alpaida delicata Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015: 244, f. 10-13 (m)

Alpaida delicata Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1014, f. 18G-H, 22G, 26B, 30B, 32A, 33A, 44A-B, 46F, 49F, 52G, 56F, 61B, 63B, 65D, 82A-D, 103A, 116A-F (mf)

Alpaida dominica Levi, 1988 | | Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014519

Alpaida dominica Levi, 1988: 410, f. 147-153 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida dominica Sherwood et al., 2026c: 4, f. 1E (f)

Alpaida eberhardi Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014520

Alpaida eberhardi Levi, 1988: 470, f. 555-558 (Df) Original description

Alpaida elegantula (Archer, 1965) | | Martinique urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014521

Lariniacantha elegantula Archer, 1965b: 132, f. 8-9 (Df) Original description

Alpaida elegantula Brignoli, 1983c: 256

Alpaida elegantula Levi, 1988: 410, f. 143-146 (f)

Alpaida elegantula Sánchez-Ruiz & Maréchal, 2020: 48, f. 1-9 (Dm, f)

Alpaida ericae Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014522

Alpaida ericae Levi, 1988: 460, f. 486-490 (Df) Original description

Alpaida erythrothorax (Taczanowski, 1873) | | French Guiana, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014523

Singa erythrothorax Taczanowski, 1873: 126 (Df; m see Alpaida leucogramma) Original description

Araneus erythrothorax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291

Alpaida erythrothorax Levi, 1972a: 231 (T from Singa)

Alpaida erythrothorax Levi, 1988: 444, f. 376-378 (f)

Alpaida gallardoi Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014524

Alpaida gallardoi Levi, 1988: 432, f. 300-305 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida gracia Levi, 1988 | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014525

Alpaida gracia Levi, 1988: 464, f. 512-514 (Df) Original description

Alpaida graphica (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Mexico to Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014526

Epeira graphica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 22, pl. 7, f. 16 (Dm) Original description

Epeira graphica Keyserling, 1892: 121, pl. 6, f. 89 (m)

Aranea graphica F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 518, pl. 51, f. 2 (m)

Araneus graphicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294

Metazygia graphica Caporiacco, 1948a: 661 (Df, T from Araneus)

Alpaida graphica Levi, 1988: 453, f. 435-439 (mf, T from Metazygia)

Alpaida grayi (Blackwall, 1863) | | Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014527

Epeira grayii Blackwall, 1863a: 34 (Dmf) Original description

Epeira veles Keyserling, 1879: 310, pl. 4, f. 12 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062229]

Araneus grayi Simon, 1897e: 1

Araneus grayii Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295 (S of Epeira veles)

Wixia grayi Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 251 (T from Araneus)

Lariniacantha grayi Archer, 1951a: 15, f. 38-40 (mf, T from Wixia)

Alpaida grayi Levi, 1976: 388

Alpaida grayi Levi, 1988: 394, f. 10, 44-49 (mf)

Alpaida grayi Levi, 2002: 557, f. 291-292 (m)

Alpaida guimaraes Levi, 1988 | | Guyana, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014528

Alpaida guimaraes Levi, 1988: 390, f. 19-22 (Df; m f. 23-24 see Alpaida tupinamba) Original description

Alpaida guimaraes Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025: 65, f. 1A-D, 2A-D, 3A-C (Dm, f)

Alpaida gurupi Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014529

Alpaida gurupi Levi, 1988: 429, f. 278-279 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida gurupi Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015: 248, f. 22-24 (Df)

Alpaida guto Abrahim & Bonaldo, 2008 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042274

Alpaida guto Abrahim & Bonaldo, 2008: 398, f. 1-4 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida haligera (Archer, 1971) | | Peru, Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014530

Lariniacantha haligera Archer, 1971: 159, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Alpaida haligera Brignoli, 1983c: 256

Alpaida haligera Levi, 1988: 426, f. 257-260 (f)

Alpaida hartliebi Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014531

Alpaida hartliebi Levi, 1988: 430, f. 294-297 (Df) Original description

Alpaida hoffmanni Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014532

Alpaida hoffmanni Levi, 1988: 400, f. 92-94 (Df; m f. 95-96 see Alpaida arvoredo) Original description

Alpaida hoffmanni Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011: 262, f. 1-2 (Dm)

Alpaida holmbergi Levi, 1988 | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014533

Alpaida holmbergi Levi, 1988: 408, f. 134-137 (Df) Original description

Alpaida iguazu Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014534

Alpaida iguazu Levi, 1988: 436, f. 330-335 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida imperatrix Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050249

Alpaida tijuca Levi, 1988: 438, f. 340-341 (m; misidentified per Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 323)

Alpaida imperatrix Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 323, f. 1A-E, 2A-D (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida imperialis Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050250

Alpaida imperialis Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 326, f. 3A-E, 4A-E (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida iquitos Levi, 1988 | | Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014535

Alpaida iquitos Levi, 1988: 416, f. 194-197 (Df) Original description

Alpaida iquitos Dierkens, 2014b: 17, f. 9, 42 (f)

Alpaida iquitos Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015: 248, f. 18-21 (Dm)

Alpaida itacolomi Santos & Santos, 2010 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042906

Alpaida itacolomi Santos & Santos, 2010: 62, f. 1-2, 5-7 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida itapua Levi, 1988 | | Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014536

Alpaida itapua Levi, 1988: 433, f. 310-312 (Df) Original description

Alpaida itauba Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014537

Alpaida itauba Levi, 1988: 445, f. 386-391 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida jacaranda Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014538

Alpaida jacaranda Levi, 1988: 432, f. 298-299 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida jequitiba Baptista, Castanheira & Oliveira, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064345

Alpaida jequitiba Baptista, Castanheira & Oliveira in Baptista et al., 2025: 87, f. 7A-D (Df) Original description

Alpaida kartabo Levi, 1988 | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014539

Alpaida kartabo Levi, 1988: 399, f. 80-83 (Df) Original description

Alpaida kayapo Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066052

Alpaida kayapo Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025: 74, f. 9A-D, 10A-E, 11A-C (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida keyserlingi Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014540

Alpaida keyserlingi Levi, 1988: 398, f. 69-74 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida kochalkai Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014541

Alpaida kochalkai Levi, 1988: 416, f. 191-193 (Df) Original description

Alpaida kochalkai Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011: 264, f. 13-14 (Dm)

Alpaida latro (Fabricius, 1775) | | Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014543

Aranea latro Fabricius, 1775: 412 (D) Original description

Aranea latro Olivier, 1789: 233 (D)

Epeira latro Walckenaer, 1841: 113 (Df)

Miranda latro C. L. Koch, 1844: 158, f. 933 (Dm)

Epeira latro Keyserling, 1878a: 574, pl. 14, f. 3 (f)

Epeira latro Keyserling, 1892: 197, pl. 9, f. 146 (f)

Araneus latro Petrunkevitch, 1911: 299

Drexellia latro Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 177 (T from Araneus, lapsus)

Lariniacantha latro Archer, 1951a: 15 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida latro Levi, 1988: 414, f. 175-181 (mf)

Alpaida leucogramma (White, 1841) | | Panama to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014544

Epeira (Singa) leucogramma White, 1841: 474 (Df) Original description

Epeira albostriata Keyserling, 1865: 815, pl. 19, f. 27-28 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062198]

Singa erythrothorax Taczanowski, 1873: 126 (m; misidentified per Levi, 1988: 444)

Epeira albostriata Keyserling, 1893: 258, pl. 13, f. 193 (f, Dm)

Aranea albostriata Tullgren, 1905: 34, pl. 5, f. 11 (f)

Araneus leucogrammus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 301

Aranea albostriata columbiana Strand, 1916b: 110 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062199]

Parepeira albostriata Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 41

Parepeira albostriata Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321 (S of Mecynogea erythromela; revalidated by Levi, 1997: 224)

Cercidia albostriata Archer, 1951a: 42 (T from Parepeira)

Alpaida leucogramma Levi, 1972a: 231 (T from Singa)

Lariniacantha albostriata Levi, 1975b: 113 (T from Cercidia)

Alpaida leucogramma Levi, 1988: 391, f. 1-6, 32-38 (mf, S of Alpaida albostriata and A. albostriata columbiana)

Alpaida leucogramma Levi, 2002: 545, f. 178-181 (f)

Alpaida leucogramma Dierkens, 2014b: 17, f. 10, 31 (m)

Alpaida levii Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047877

Alpaida levii Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015: 242, f. 1-9 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida linhares Baptista, Castanheira & Wermelinger-Moreira, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064346

Alpaida linhares Baptista, Castanheira & Wermelinger-Moreira in Baptista et al., 2025: 88, f. 8A-D (Df) Original description

Alpaida lomba Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014545

Alpaida lomba Levi, 1988: 421, f. 219-222 (Df) Original description

Alpaida lomba Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011: 264, f. 15-16 (Dm)

Alpaida losamigos Deza & Andía, 2014 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047055

Alpaida losamigos Deza & Andía, 2014: 68, f. 1-9 (Df) Original description

Alpaida lubinae Levi, 1988 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014546

Alpaida lubinae Levi, 1988: 442, f. 367-373 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida machala Levi, 1988 | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014547

Alpaida machala Levi, 1988: 470, f. 559-563 (Df) Original description

Alpaida machala Poeta & Lise, 2015: 397, f. 3-4 (Dm)

Alpaida madeira Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014548

Alpaida madeira Levi, 1988: 468, f. 547-550 (Df) Original description

Alpaida manicata Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014549

Araneus manicatus Simon, 1895a: 822 (nomen nudum)

Alpaida manicata Levi, 1988: 420, f. 210-215 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida marista Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050251

Alpaida marista Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 329, f. 5A-E, 6A-E (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida marmorata (Taczanowski, 1873) | | Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014550

Singa marmorata Taczanowski, 1873: 125 (Df) Original description

Araneus marmorata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 301

Alpaida marmorata Levi, 1972a: 231 (T from Singa)

Alpaida marmorata Levi, 1988: 429, f. 280-288 (f)

Alpaida marta Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014551

Alpaida marta Levi, 1988: 478, f. 623-627 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida mato Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014552

Alpaida mato Levi, 1988: 422, f. 228-230 (Df) Original description

Alpaida mendensis Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050252

Alpaida mendensis Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 332, f. 7A-E, 8A-E (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida moata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) | | Panama, Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014553

Araneus moatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 47, pl. 14, f. 125 (Df) Original description

Alpaida moata Levi, 1988: 448, f. 415-420 (Dm, f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida moka Levi, 1988 | | Peru, Brazil, Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014554

Alpaida moka Levi, 1988: 426, f. 253-256 (Df) Original description

Alpaida xavantina Levi, 1988: 455, f. 452-457 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014612]

Alpaida moka Poeta & Lise, 2015: 399 (S of Alpaida xavantina)

Alpaida monzon Levi, 1988 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014555

Alpaida monzon Levi, 1988: 398, f. 75-79 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida morro Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014556

Alpaida morro Levi, 1988: 412, f. 166-169 (Df) Original description

Alpaida muco Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014557

Alpaida muco Levi, 1988: 466, f. 519-522 (Df) Original description

Alpaida murtinho Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014558

Alpaida murtinho Levi, 1988: 399, f. 84-85 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida nadleri Levi, 1988 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014559

Alpaida nadleri Levi, 1988: 474, f. 583-586 (Df) Original description

Alpaida nancho Levi, 1988 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014560

Alpaida nancho Levi, 1988: 456, f. 468-471 (Df) Original description

Alpaida narino Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014561

Alpaida narino Levi, 1988: 428, f. 271-273 (Df) Original description

Alpaida natal Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014562

Alpaida natal Levi, 1988: 422, f. 226-227 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida navicula (L. Koch, 1871) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015049

Epeira navicula L. Koch, 1871: 102, pl. 8, f. 4 (Df) Original description

Aranea roemeri Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014575]

Alpaida roemeri Levi, 1988: 469, f. 551-554 (f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida navicula Framenau, Scharff & Levi, 2009: 25, f. 3A-B (f, T from Araneus, S of Alpaida roemeri)

Alpaida negro Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014563

Alpaida negro Levi, 1988: 448, f. 410-414 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014564

Araneus nigrofrenatus Simon, 1895a: 816 (Df) Original description

Alpaida nigrofrenata Levi, 1988: 421, f. 223-225 (f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida nigrofrenata Poeta & Lise, 2015: 397, f. 1-2 (Dm)

Alpaida niveosigillata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) | | Colombia, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014565

Singa niveosigillata Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 260, f. 1 (Df) Original description

Alpaida niveosigillata Levi, 1972a: 231 (T from Singa)

Alpaida niveosagillata Levi, 1988: 446, f. 398-403 (f, Dm)

Alpaida nonoai Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014566

Alpaida nonoai Levi, 1988: 478, f. 617-622 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida octolobata Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014567

Alpaida octolobata Levi, 1988: 460, f. 483-485 (Df) Original description

Alpaida octolobata Rodrigues & Mendonça, 2011: 61, f. 5-8 (Dm)

Alpaida octolobata Carvalho & Gasnier, 2019: CB15, f. 35-36 (f)

Alpaida oliverioi (Soares & Camargo, 1948) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014568

Cyclosa oliverioi Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 369, f. 22 (Dm; pedipalps lost per Levi, 1999: 310) Original description

Alpaida oliverioi Levi, 1999: 310 (T from Cyclosa)

Alpaida orgaos Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014569

Alpaida orgaos Levi, 1988: 424, f. 239-242 (Df) Original description

Alpaida oyapockensis Dierkens, 2014 | | French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046665

Alpaida oyapockensis Dierkens, 2014b: 19, f. 13-14, 44 (Df) Original description

Alpaida pedro Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014570

Alpaida pedro Levi, 1988: 425, f. 246-252 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida penca Deza & Andía, 2014 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047056

Alpaida penca Deza & Andía, 2014: 69, f. 10-33 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida picchu Levi, 1988 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014571

Alpaida picchu Levi, 1988: 433, f. 313-316 (Df) Original description

Alpaida pretiosa Baptista, Castanheira & Wermelinger-Moreira, 2025 | | Brazil, Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064347

Alpaida antonio Levi, 1988: 446, f. 396-397 (m; misidentified per Baptista et al., 2025: 90)

Alpaida pretiosa Baptista, Castanheira & Wermelinger-Moreira in Baptista et al., 2025: 90, f. 9A-E, 10A-D (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida quadrilorata (Simon, 1897) | | Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014572

Araneus quadriloratus Simon, 1897e: 5 (Df) Original description

Cercidia octomaculata Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 236, f. 10 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062216]

Parepeira ocellifera Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 241, f. 19 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062215]

Alpaida octomaculata Levi, 1975b: 113 (T from Cercidia)

Alpaida ocellifera Brignoli, 1983c: 256

Alpaida quadrilorata Levi, 1988: 467, f. 530-536 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Alpaida ocellifera and A. octomaculata)

Alpaida queremal Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014573

Alpaida queremal Levi, 1988: 470, f. 564-569 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida regua Baptista, Castanheira, Schinelli & Assunção-Oliveira, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064348

Alpaida regua Baptista, Castanheira, Schinelli & Assunção-Oliveira in Baptista et al., 2025: 91, f. 12A-E, 13A-D, 14A-D (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida rioja Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014574

Alpaida rioja Levi, 1988: 406, f. 116-121 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida rosa Levi, 1988 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014576

Alpaida rosa Levi, 1988: 461, f. 495-500 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida rossi Levi, 1988 | | Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014577

Alpaida rossi Levi, 1988: 447, f. 404-407 (Df) Original description

Alpaida rostratula (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014578

Epeira rostratula Keyserling, 1892: 82, pl. 4, f. 62 (Dm) Original description

Araneus rostratulus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313

Wixia rostratula Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida rostratula Levi, 1988: 394, f. 50-56 (m, Df, T from Wixia)

Alpaida rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) | | Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014579

Epeira rubellula Keyserling, 1892: 81, pl. 4, f. 61 (Df) Original description

Araneus rubellulus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313

Araneus inexplicabilis Badcock, 1932: 23, f. 16 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062209]

Wixia nigropunctata Mello-Leitão, 1941f: 214, f. 21-22 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062212]

Wixia albotaeniata Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 403, f. 25-26 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062200]

Wixia rubellula Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida rubellula Levi, 1988: 395, f. 57-62 (Dm, f, T from Wixia, S of Araneus inexplicabilis, Wixia albotaeniata and W. nigropunctata)

Alpaida sandrei (Simon, 1895) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014580

Araneus sandrei Simon, 1895a: 816 (Df) Original description

Alpaida sandrei Levi, 1988: 420, f. 207-209 (f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida santosi Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014581

Alpaida santosi Levi, 1988: 408, f. 138-139 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida schneblei Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014582

Alpaida schneblei Levi, 1988: 477, f. 603-604 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida scriba (Mello-Leitão, 1940) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014583

Drexelia scriba Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 203 (Df) Original description

Alpaida scriba Levi, 1988: 416, f. 188-190 (f, T from Drexelia)

Alpaida scriba Buckup & Meyer, 1993: 353, f. 1-3 (Dm)

Alpaida septemmammata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | | Mexico to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014584

Epeira septem-mammata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 42, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Epeira septemmammata Keyserling, 1892: 89, pl. 4, f. 67 (f)

Aranea septemmammata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 514, pl. 49, f. 15 (f)

Araneus septemmammatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 315

Alpaida septemmammata Levi, 1988: 452, f. 427-434 (Dm, f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida septemmammata Dierkens, 2014b: 21, f. 15, 32 (m)

Alpaida septemmammata Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1015, f. 19E, 30C, 50A, 52H, 56G, 58H, 61A, 65C, 81A-F, 117A-G (mf)

Alpaida serrana Baptista, Castanheira & Oliveira, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064349

Alpaida serrana Baptista, Castanheira & Oliveira in Baptista et al., 2025: 93, f. 15A-D (Df) Original description

Alpaida sevilla Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014585

Alpaida sevilla Levi, 1988: 434, f. 317-319 (Df) Original description

Alpaida silencio Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014586

Alpaida silencio Levi, 1988: 477, f. 605-610 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida simla Levi, 1988 | | Trinidad, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014587

Alpaida simla Levi, 1988: 430, f. 289-293 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida sobradinho Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014588

Alpaida sobradinho Levi, 1988: 433, f. 306-309 (Df) Original description

Alpaida sooretama Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064350

Alpaida sooretama Baptista, Castanheira & Prado in Baptista et al., 2025: 95, f. 16A-D (Df) Original description

Alpaida sulphurea (Taczanowski, 1873) | | French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014589

Nephila sulphurea Taczanowski, 1873: 148 (Df) Original description

Alpaida sulphurea Levi, 1988: 482, f. 640-643 (f, removed from S of Nephila clavipes cornuta, rejecting Dahl, 1912a: 46)

Alpaida sumare Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014590

Alpaida sumare Levi, 1988: 425, f. 243-245 (Df) Original description

Alpaida tabula (Simon, 1895) | | Guyana to Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014591

Araneus tabula Simon, 1895a: 815, f. 867 (Df) Original description

Araneus multipunctatus Simon, 1895a: 815 (nomen nudum) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062210]

Wixia tabula Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 261 (T from Araneus)

Aranea multipunctata Roewer, 1942a: 847 (erroneously listed as valid)

Alpaida tabula Levi, 1988: 404, f. 110-115 (Dm, f, T from Wixia, S of Araneus multipunctatus)

Alpaida tabula Dierkens, 2014b: 21, f. 16, 45 (f)

Alpaida taquara Castanheira & Baptista, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064351

Alpaida taquara Castanheira & Baptista in Baptista et al., 2025: 96, f. 17A-D (Df) Original description

Alpaida tayos Levi, 1988 | | Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014592

Alpaida tayos Levi, 1988: 456, f. 458-467 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida tayos Dierkens, 2014b: 21, f. 17-18, 33, 46 (mf)

Alpaida tayos Luna-Sarmiento & Sabogal-González, 2023: 140, f. 4G-H (f)

Alpaida teresinha Braga-Pereira & Santos, 2013 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046223

Alpaida teresinha Braga-Pereira & Santos, 2013: 325, f. 1-2, 5-7 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida thaxteri Levi, 1988 | | Trinidad urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014593

Alpaida thaxteri Levi, 1988: 436, f. 324-327 (Df) Original description

Alpaida tijuca Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014594

Alpaida caxias Levi, 1988: 439, f. 346-347 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014503]

Alpaida tijuca Levi, 1988: 438, f. 336-339 (Df; m f. 340-341 see Alpaida imperatrix) Original description

Alpaida tijuca Baptista, Castanheira & do Prado, 2018: 339, f. 11A-E, 12A-D (mf, S of Alpaida caxias)

Alpaida toninho Braga-Pereira & Santos, 2013 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046224

Alpaida toninho Braga-Pereira & Santos, 2013: 325, f. 3-4, 8-16 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida tonze Santos & Santos, 2010 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042907

Alpaida tonze Santos & Santos, 2010: 64, f. 3-4, 8-10 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida trilineata (Taczanowski, 1878) | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014595

Epeira trilineata Taczanowski, 1878b: 162, pl. 2, f. 13 (Dmf; would be preoccupied sub Aranea by Linnaeus, 1767, see Stemonyphantes lineatus) Original description

Araneus trilineatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320

Aranea trisignata Roewer, 1942a: 854 (superfluous replacement name) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062221]

Alpaida trilineata Levi, 1988: 445, f. 381-385 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus trisignatus)

Alpaida trispinosa (Keyserling, 1892) | | Panama to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014596

Epeira grayi Keyserling, 1865: 809, pl. 18, f. 9-10 (f; misidentified per Levi, 1988: 396)

Epeira trispinosa Keyserling, 1892: 78, pl. 4, f. 59 (Dmf) Original description

Epeira grayi Keyserling, 1892: 79, pl. 4, f. 60 (f; misidentified per Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320)

Araneus trispinosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320

Wixia trispinosa Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida trispinosa Levi, 1988: 396, f. 63-68 (mf, T from Wixia)

Alpaida trispinosa Levi, 2002: 538, f. 72-74 (f)

Alpaida truncata (Keyserling, 1865) | | Mexico to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014597

Epeira truncata Keyserling, 1865: 807, pl. 19, f. 21-22 (Df) Original description

Epeira elegantissima Taczanowski, 1878b: 170, pl. 2, f. 19 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062227]

Epeira cylindrica Taczanowski, 1878b: 171, pl. 2, f. 20-21 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062228]

Epeira nigropustulata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 111, pl. 15, f. 5 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062214]

Araneus truncatus Simon, 1895a: 811 (S of Epeira cylindrica and E. elegantissima)

Aranea nigropustulata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 516, pl. 49, f. 22 (j)

Araneus nigropustulatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306

Edricus truncatus Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 36

Araneus mutatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 46, pl. 14, f. 128-129 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062211]

Pickardiana truncata Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 192 (T from Edricus)

Epeiroides albonotatus Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 237 (Df; j per Levi, 1988: 472) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062197]

Edricus ensifer Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062207]

Edricus ensifer Caporiacco, 1948a: 658, f. 66 (m)

Subaraneus nigropustulatus Caporiacco, 1948a: 662 (Df, T from Araneus)

Edricus truncata Schenkel, 1953a: 23, f. 21a-c (m)

Subedricus nigropustulatus Caporiacco, 1954: 85 (T from Subaraneus, S of Edricus ensifer)

Alpaida nigropustulata Levi, 1976: 388

Alpaida truncata Levi, 1988: 472, f. 570-578 (mf, S of Alpaida nigropustulata, Araneus mutatus and Epeiroides albonotatus)

Alpaida truncata Levi, 2002: 538, f. 75-77, 260-261 (mf)

Alpaida truncata Dierkens, 2014b: 22, f. 19-20, 34, 47 (mf)

Alpaida truncata Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015: 246, f. 14-17 (m)

Alpaida truncata obscura (Caporiacco, 1948) | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014598

Subaraneus nigropustulatus obscurus Caporiacco, 1948a: 662 (Df) Original description

Subedricus nigropustulatus obscurus Caporiacco, 1954: 85 (T from Subaraneus)

Alpaida nigropustulata obscura Brignoli, 1983c: 256

Alpaida truncata sexmaculata (Caporiacco, 1948) | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014599

Subaraneus nigropustulatus sexmaculatus Caporiacco, 1948a: 662 (Df) Original description

Subedricus nigropustulatus sexmaculatus Caporiacco, 1954: 85 (T from Subaraneus)

Alpaida nigropustulata sexmaculata Brignoli, 1983c: 256

Alpaida tukano Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066051

Alpaida tukano Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025: 71, f. 6A-D, 7A-D, 8A-C (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida tullgreni (Caporiacco, 1955) | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014600

Parawixia tullgreni Caporiacco, 1955: 348, f. 31a-c (Dm) Original description

Alpaida tullgreni Levi, 1992b: 8 (T from Parawixia)

Alpaida tullgreni Levi, 1993a: 234, f. 26-27 (m)

Alpaida tuonabo (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014601

Araneus tuonabo Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 50, pl. 14, f. 130 (Df) Original description

Alpaida tuonabo Levi, 1988: 474, f. 593-598 (Dm, f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida tupinamba Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066050

Alpaida guimaraes Levi, 1988: 390, f. 23-24 (m; misidentified per Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025: 65)

Alpaida tupinamba Pamplona, Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025: 68, f. 4A-D, 5 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida turrigera (Schenkel, 1953) | | Venezuela, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017139

Wagneriana turrigera Schenkel, 1953a: 24, f. 22a-b (Dj; adult f per Levi, 1991b: 413) Original description

Wagneriana turrigera Levi, 1991b: 413, f. 200-204 (f)

Wagneriana turrigera Carvalho & Gasnier, 2019: CB17, f. 47-48 (f)

Alpaida turrigera Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1119 (T from Wagneriana)

Alpaida uropygialis (Mello-Leitão, 1944) | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017141

Paraverrucosa uropygialis Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 334 (Dm) Original description

Wagneriana uropygialis Levi, 1991b: 394, f. 103-104 (m, T from Paraverrucosa)

Alpaida uropygialis Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1117, f. 135A-E (m, T from Wagneriana)

Alpaida urucuca Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014602

Alpaida urucuca Levi, 1988: 454, f. 440-445 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida utcuyacu Levi, 1988 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014603

Alpaida utcuyacu Levi, 1988: 390, f. 25-31 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida utiariti Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014604

Alpaida utiariti Levi, 1988: 466, f. 523-524 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida vanzolinii Levi, 1988 | | Peru, Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014605

Alpaida vanzolinii Levi, 1988: 411, f. 160-165 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida variabilis (Keyserling, 1864) | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014606

Epeira variabilis Keyserling, 1864: 126, pl. 6, f. 1-4 (Df) Original description

Epeira variabilis Keyserling, 1893: 249, pl. 12, f. 185 (f, Dm)

Araneus variabilis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322

Neoscona variabilis Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 257 (T from Araneus)

Alpaida variabilis Levi, 1988: 418, f. 198-203 (mf, T from Neoscona)

Alpaida venger Castanheira & Baptista, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048142

Alpaida venger Castanheira & Baptista, 2015: 372, f. 1-9 (Dmf) Original description

Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) | | Panama to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014607

Epeira veniliae Keyserling, 1865: 817, pl. 19, f. 23-24 (Dmf) Original description

Epeira pantherina Taczanowski, 1873: 132 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062217]

Epeira unguiformis Keyserling, 1893: 237, pl. 11, f. 177 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062222]

Epeira veniliae Keyserling, 1893: 256, pl. 13, f. 191 (mf)

Araneus borellii Simon, 1897e: 6 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062201]

Aranea veniliae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 516, pl. 49, f. 23-24 (mf)

Aranea borelli Tullgren, 1905: 32, pl. 4, f. 10 (f, Dm)

Araneus pantherinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 308

Araneus unguiformis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322

Araneus veniliae Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323

Neoscona borelli Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 40

Metazygia unguiformis Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (T from Araneus)

Subaraneus veniliae Caporiacco, 1948a: 661 (T from Araneus)

Lariniacantha veniliae Archer, 1951a: 15 (T from Subaraneus)

Metepeira wiedenmeyeri Schenkel, 1953a: 22, f. 20 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062223]

Alpaida veniliae Levi, 1976: 388

Alpaida veniliae Levi, 1988: 402, f. 103-109 (mf, S of Araneus borellii, A. pantherinus, Metazygia unguiformis and Metepeira wiedenmeyeri)

Alpaida veniliae Dierkens, 2014b: 22, f. 21-22, 35, 48 (mf)

Alpaida vera Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014608

Alpaida vera Levi, 1988: 444, f. 379-380 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida versicolor (Keyserling, 1877) | | Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014609

Cercidia versicolor Keyserling, 1877b: 86, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Cercidia versicolor Keyserling, 1892: 38, pl. 2, f. 33 (f, Dm)

Araneus versicolor Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324

Alpaida versicolor Levi, 1988: 411, f. 154-159 (Tmf from Cercidia)

Alpaida wenzeli (Simon, 1898) | | St. Vincent urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014610

Araneus wenzeli Simon, 1898i: 874 (Df) Original description

Alpaida wenzeli Levi, 1988: 438, f. 342-345 (f, T from Araneus)

Alpaida weyrauchi Levi, 1988 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014611

Alpaida weyrauchi Levi, 1988: 440, f. 360-363 (Df) Original description

Alpaida yanayacu Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047878

Alpaida yanayacu Saturnino, Rodrigues & Bonaldo, 2015: 250, f. 25-28 (Df) Original description

Alpaida yotoco Levi, 1988 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014613

Alpaida yotoco Levi, 1988: 473, f. 579-582 (Df) Original description

Alpaida yucuma Levi, 1988 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014614

Alpaida yucuma Levi, 1988: 460, f. 491-494 (Df) Original description

Alpaida yungas Levi, 1988 | | Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014615

Alpaida yungas Levi, 1988: 444, f. 374-375 (Dm) Original description

Alpaida yuto Levi, 1988 | | Paraguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014616

Alpaida yuto Levi, 1988: 440, f. 354-359 (Dmf) Original description