Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: Includes Aphantochilidae as "a subfamily related to the Strophiinae" (Ono, 1988c: 217-218, after Homann, 1975: 184; see also Benjamin, 2011: 8 and Teixeira, Campos & Lise, 2014: 73). Separation of Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004 (Wunderlich, 2004m: 1738, Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here. Lehtinen, 2016 splits the family into five families, i.e. Thomisidae s. str., Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004, Stephanopidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871, Stiphropidae Simon, 1886 [sub Stiphropodidae; for nomenclatural author and year see Simon, 1886b: 170] and Bomidae Simon, 1886 [for nomenclatural author and year see Simon, 1886b: 173]; because of lack of a phylogenetic analysis and partly unclear limitations this splitting is not accepted; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 518, f. 17-18.
Gen. Synema Simon, 1864 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02766
N.B.: Synaema is an unjustified emendation.

Transferred to other genera:

Synema batjense Simon, 1886 -- see Mastira

Synema bicolor Keyserling, 1883 -- see Xysticus

Synema brunettii Tikader, 1962 -- see Lysiteles

Synema dimidiatipes Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa

Synema excultum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 -- see Lysiteles

Synema fronto Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa

Synema impotens Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa

Synema insulare (Blackwall, 1877) -- see Firmicus

Synema jocosum Banks, 1929 -- see Stephanopoides

Synema lentiginosum Simon, 1886 -- see Firmicus

Synema margaritaceum Simon, 1909 -- see Ebrechtella

Synema naevigerum Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa

Synema obscurum Keyserling, 1880 -- see Xysticus

Synema rufithorax Simon, 1904 -- see Misumenops

Synema seranicum Strand, 1913 -- see Henriksenia

Synema takashimai (Uyemura, 1937) -- see Lysiteles

In synonymy:

Synema globosum daghestanicum Utochkin, 1960 = Synema globosum Fabricius, 1775 (Ono, 1988c: 147)

Synema globosum clarum Franganillo, 1913 = Synema globosum Fabricius, 1775 (Breitling et al., 2016b: 55)

Synema globosum flavum Franganillo, 1913 = Synema globosum Fabricius, 1775 (Breitling et al., 2016b: 56)

Synema globosum pulchellum Franganillo, 1926 = Synema globosum Fabricius, 1775 (Breitling et al., 2016b: 56)

Synema japonicum Karsch, 1879 = Synema globosum Fabricius, 1775 (Ono, 1988c: 147)

Synema kochi (Thorell, 1881, T from Diaea) = Synema globosum Fabricius, 1775 (Ono, 1988c: 147)

Synema richteri Utochkin, 1960 = Synema plorator O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Levy, 1975: 159)

Nomen dubium:

Synema imitatrix meridionale Strand, 1907n: 660 (f, South Africa) -- Nentwig et al., 2019: 47

Synema abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948 | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031225
Synema abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948: 179, f. 21 (Dm) Original description
Synema adjunctum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031226
Synema adjunctum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 84, pl. 11, f. 1 (Df) Original description
Synema palliatum adjuncta F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 150
Synema aequinoctiale (Taczanowski, 1872) | | Mexico, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031227
Xysticus aequinoctialis Taczanowski, 1872: 87 (Df) Original description
Synema aequinoctiale Keyserling, 1880: 71, pl. 2, f. 37 (f)
Synema affinitatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | | Mexico to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031228
Synema affinitatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 82, pl. 10, f. 12-13 (Dmf) Original description
Synema profuga O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 84, pl. 11, f. 3 (Df)
Synema culta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 119, pl. 15, f. 15 (Df)
Synema interrupta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 120, pl. 15, f. 9-10 (Dmf)
Synema polita O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 241, pl. 33, f. 14-15 (Dmf)
Synema affinitatum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 151, pl. 10, f. 15-17 (mf)
Synema affinitatum Kraus, 1955b: 56, f. 150-151 (m)
Synema albomaculatum Ono, 2001 | | Bhutan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038191
Synema albomaculatum Ono, 2001b: 230, f. 65-71 (Dmf) Original description
Synema anatolicum Demir, Aktaş & Topçu, 2009 | | North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:044497
Synema anatolica Demir, Aktas & Topçu, 2009b: 742, f. 1-8 (Dmf) Original description
Synema plorator Komnenov, 2014: 188, f. 42 (m; misidentified per Dimitrov & Naumova, 2021: 697)
Synema anatolica Kiany et al., 2017: 3, f. 5a-d (m)
Synema anatolicum Dimitrov & Naumova, 2021: 697, f. 9A-F (mf)
Synema anatolicum Bosmans & Gavalas, 2023: 31, f. 17A-H (mf)
Synema annulipes Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031229
Synaema (Weissella) annulipes Dahl, 1907a: 383, 392 (Dm) Original description
Synema bariguiense Mello-Leitão, 1947 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031230
Synema bariguiensis Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 277, pl. 41, f. 31 (Dm) Original description
Synema batarasa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031231
Synema batarasa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 255, f. 149a-d (Dm) Original description
Synema bellum Soares, 1944 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031233
Synema bellum Soares, 1944c: 78, f. (Dm) Original description
Synema berlandi Lessert, 1919 | | Ethiopia, East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031234
Synema berlandi Lessert, 1919: 152, f. 22, pl. 2, f. 3 (Dm) Original description
Synema bipunctatum (Taczanowski, 1872) | | Brazil, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031235
Xysticus bipunctatus Taczanowski, 1872: 88 (Df) Original description
Synema brasiliana Keyserling, 1880: 59, pl. 1, f. 29 (Df)
Synema bipunctatum Keyserling, 1880: 72
Synaema (Justella) bipunctatum Dahl, 1907a: 385, 392, 394 (m, S of Synema brasilianum)
Synema bishopi Caporiacco, 1955 | | Venezuela, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031236
Synema bishopi Caporiacco, 1955: 414, f. 63a-d (Dmf) Original description
Synema bourgini Millot, 1942 | | Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031237
Synema bourgini Millot, 1942: 57, f. 26A-B (Dm) Original description
Synema buettneri Dahl, 1907 | | Cameroon, Togo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031238
Synema buettneri Dahl, 1907a: 382, 389 (Df) Original description
Synema camerunense Dahl, 1907 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031239
Synaema (Rimania) camerunensis Dahl, 1907a: 384, 393 (Df) Original description
Synema candicans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) | | Egypt urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031240
Diaea candicans O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 580 (Dmf) Original description
Synema candicans Reimoser, 1919: 119
Synema caucasicum Utochkin, 1960 | | Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031241
Synema caucasicum Utochkin, 1960b: 1021, f. 1.1-6 (Dmf) Original description
Synema caucasicum Mcheidze, 1997: 143, f. 232-236 (mf)
Synema cervinum Schenkel, 1936 | j | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031242
Synema cervina Schenkel, 1936b: 137 (Dj) Original description
Synema cervinum Roewer, 1955c: 885
Synema chikunii Ono, 1983 | | Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031243
Synema chikunii Ono, 1983b: 60, f. 1-7 (Dmf) Original description
Synema chikunii Yaginuma, 1986a: 205, f. 114.2 (mf)
Synema chikunii Chikuni, 1989b: 142, f. 18 (mf)
Synema chikunii Ono, 2009a: 521, f. 259-262 (mf)
Synema concolor Caporiacco, 1947 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031244
Synema concolor Caporiacco, 1947c: 221, pl. 2, f. 60 (Df) Original description
Synema conradti Dahl, 1907 | | Cameroon urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031245
Synema conradti Dahl, 1907a: 386, 389 (Df) Original description
Synema curvatum Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031246
Synema curvatum Dahl, 1907a: 386, 390 (Dmf) Original description
Synema decens (Karsch, 1878) | | South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031247
Diaea decens Karsch, 1878c: 773 (Df) Original description
Synema decens Dahl, 1907a: 382, 389 (Dm)
Synema decens Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 15, 14: 1 f., 15: 4 f. (m)
Synema decoratum Tikader, 1960 | | India, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031248
Synema decorata Tikader, 1960: 174, f. 2a-c (Dm) Original description
Synema decorata Tikader, 1971a: 54, f. 15J-M (m, Df)
Synema decorata Tikader, 1980a: 136, f. 192-195 (mf)
Synema decoratum Brignoli, 1983c: 615
Synema decorata Hu, 2001: 349, f. 210.1-2 (m)
Synema decorata Gajbe, 2007: 447, f. 50-53 (mf)
Synema diana (Audouin, 1826) | | Tunisia to Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031249
Thomisus diana Audouin, 1826: 399, pl. 7, f. 1-2 (Df) Original description
Thomisus trematus Walckenaer, 1837: 500 (replacement name for T. d., thought congeneric with Aranea d. Walckenaer, 1805)
Diaea diana O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 580 (Dm)
Synaema diana Simon, 1882b: 224
Synaema (Baerella) diana Dahl, 1907a: 391
Synaema diana Lessert, 1919: 148, f. 20, pl. 2, f. 19, 23 (mf)
Synema audouini Roewer, 1951: 449 (replacement name for T. d., but not then thought congeneric with Aranea d. Walckenaer, 1805)
Thomisus trematus Roewer, 1955c: 1691 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium)
Synaema diana Levy, 1975: 161, f. 12-15 (mf)
Synaema diana Levy, 1985b: 58, f. 82-85 (mf)
Synaema diana Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989c: 30, f. 9 (m)
Synema diana Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 16, 14: 1 f., 16: 5 f. (mf)
Synema fasciatum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031250
Synema fasciatum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 203 (Df) Original description
Synema fiebrigi Dahl, 1907 | | Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031251
Synaema (Justella) fiebrigi Dahl, 1907a: 380, 394 (Dmf) Original description
Synema fischeri Dahl, 1907 | | Somalia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031252
Synaema (Gerhardtia) fischeri Dahl, 1907a: 380, 390 (Dm, new subgenus) Original description
Synema flavimanus Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031253
Synaema (Weissella) flavimanus Dahl, 1907a: 379, 392 (Dm) Original description
Synema flavipes Dahl, 1907 | j | Togo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031254
Synaema (Weissella) flavipes Dahl, 1907a: 382, 391 (Dj, new subgenus) Original description
Synema flavum Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031255
Synaema (Justella) flava Dahl, 1907a: 382, 393 (Dmf) Original description
Synema flexuosum Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031256
Synaema (Baerella) flexuosa Dahl, 1907a: 386, 391 (Dmf) Original description
Synema fuelleborni Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031257
Synaema (Gerhardtia) fuelleborni Dahl, 1907a: 381, 390 (Dm) Original description
Synema fuscomandibulatum Petrunkevitch, 1925 | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031258
Synema fuscomandibulatum Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 131, f. 49 (Dm) Original description
Synema glaucothorax Piza, 1934 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031259
Synema glaucothorax Piza, 1934: 5, f. 4 (Df) Original description
Synema globosum canariense Dahl, 1907 | ? | Canary Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058401
Synema globosum canariense Dahl, 1907a: 378 (D) Original description
Synema globosum canariense Lissner & Suárez, 2023: 23, f. 2-3 (habitus of adult mf described, removed from S of Synema globosum, rejecting Wunderlich, 1987a: 252)
Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) | | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Israel, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031260
Aranea globosa Fabricius, 1775: 432 (D) Original description
Aranea plantigera Rossi, 1790: 134 (D)
Aranea irregularis Panzer, 1801: 74, pl. 20 (D)
Aranea rotundata Walckenaer, 1802: 231, pl. 7
Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1805: 30
Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1826: 71, pl. 6, f. 4 (D)
Thomisus rotundatus Audouin, 1826: 400, pl. 7, f. 3-5 (Df)
Thomisus globosus Hahn, 1832: 34, f. 28 (Dmf)
Thomisus globosus Hahn, 1833b: 1, pl. 26, f. d (f)
Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1837: 500 (Dm)
Synema rotundata Simon, 1864: 433
Diaea globosa Thorell, 1873: 542
Diaea globosa Pavesi, 1873a: 151
Synema globosum Simon, 1875a: 202
Diaea nitida L. Koch, 1878c: 769, pl. 16, f. 33 (Dm; preoccupied by Thorell, 1877, see Mastira nitida)
Synema japonica Karsch, 1879g: 75, pl. 1, f. 10 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058403]
Diaea kochi Thorell, 1881: 340 (replacement name for Diaea nitida L. Koch) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058404]
Synema globosum Becker, 1882b: 188, pl. 18, f. 3 (mf)
Synema globosum Bösenberg, 1902: 368, pl. 34, f. 541 (mf)
Synema japonicum Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 265, pl. 10, f. 165 (mf)
Synema globosum japonicum Dahl, 1907a: 378
Synema globosa clara Franganillo, 1913: 132 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031261]
Synema globosa flava Franganillo, 1913: 132 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031262]
Synema globosa pulchella Franganillo, 1925: 38 (nomen nudum)
Synema globosa pulchella Franganillo, 1926b: 75 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031264]
Diaea nitidula Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 294 (superfluous replacement name for Diaea nitida L. Koch)
Synema globosum Reimoser, 1931b: 129, f. 3 (mf)
Synema globosum japonicum Saito, 1934b: 277, pl. 12, f. 5, pl. 14, f. 38 (f)
Synema globosum Saito, 1936b: 4, 74, f. 1, pl. 7 (f)
Synema japonica Saito, 1959: 129, f. 163a-f (f)
Synema globosum Utochkin, 1960b: 1019, f. 4.1-5 (mf)
Synema globosum daghestanicum Utochkin, 1960b: 1022, f. 2.1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058402]
Synema japonicum Utochkin, 1960b: 1019, f. 6.1-4 (mf)
Synema globosa Zhu & Wang, 1963c: 480, f. 31, 41 (mf)
Synema globosum Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu, 1969: 80, pl. II, f. 2 (f)
Synema globosum Miller, 1971: 125, pl. XVI, f. 7-8 (mf)
Synema globosum Levy, 1975: 157, f. 4-7 (mf)
Synema globosum japonicum Paik & Namkung, 1979: 74, f. 61 (f)
Synema japonicum Song, 1980: 196, f. 109a-e (mf)
Synema japonicum Qiu, 1983: 99, f. 13.10a-c (mf)
Synema globosum Hidalgo, 1983: 362, f. 1M (f)
Synema globosa Hu, 1984: 335, f. 351.1-3 (mf)
Synema globosum japonicum Guo, 1985: 164, f. 2-93.1-3 (mf)
Synema globosum japonicum Zhu & Shi, 1985: 184, f. 166a-d (mf)
Synema globosum Levy, 1985b: 55, f. 74-77 (mf)
Synema globosum Yaginuma, 1986a: 205, f. 114.1 (mf)
Synema japonicum Song, 1987: 268, f. 224 (mf)
Synema globosum Zhang, 1987: 220, f. 192.1-3 (mf)
Synema globosum Wunderlich, 1987a: 252 (S of Synema globosum canariense; rejected by Lissner & Suárez, 2023: 23)
Synema globosum Ono, 1988c: 146, f. 148-158 (mf, S of Diaea kochi, D. nitida, D. nitidula, Synema globosum daghestanicum and S. japonicum)
Synema japonicum Hu & Wu, 1989: 339, f. 269.1-3 (mf)
Synema globosum Chikuni, 1989b: 142, f. 17 (mf)
Synema globosum Feng, 1990: 185, f. 160.1-4 (mf)
Synema globosum japonicum Chen & Gao, 1990: 171, f. 217a-b (mf)
Synema globosum Chen & Zhang, 1991: 270, f. 281.1-3 (mf)
Synema globosum Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 478, f. 1253 (mf)
Synema globosum Herreros, 1991: 213, f. 9A-D (mf)
Synaema japonicum Zhao, 1993: 372, f. 183a-c (mf)
Synema globosum Baldacchino et al., 1993: 49, f. 6a (m)
Synema globosum Danilov, 1993a: 63, f. 13-16 (mf)
Synema globosum Roberts, 1995: 156, f. (mf)
Synaema japonicum Zhao, 1995: 1090, f. 524a-c (mf)
Synema globosum Mcheidze, 1997: 144, f. 237-240 (mf)
Synema globosum daghestanicum Mcheidze, 1997: 144, f. 241-242 (f)
Synema globosum Song & Zhu, 1997: 132, f. 95A-C (mf)
Synema globosum Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1732, f. 40a-b (m)
Synema globosum Roberts, 1998: 164, f. (mf)
Synema globosum Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 486, f. 275M, 282B, J (mf)
Synema globosum Kim & Gwon, 2001: 42, f. 64-67 (mf)
Synema globosum Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 403, f. 266A-C (mf)
Synema globosum Namkung, 2002: 527, f. 42.10a-b (mf)
Synema globosum Kim & Cho, 2002: 157, f. 301-306 (mf)
Synema globosum Namkung, 2003: 530, f. 42.10a-b (mf)
Synema globosum Trotta, 2005: 177, f. 487-488 (mf)
Synema globosum Ono, 2009a: 521, f. 263-268 (mf)
Synema globosum Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 454, f. 326A-C (mf)
Synema globosum Yin et al., 2012: 1297, f. 698a-d (mf)
Synema globosum Kim & Lee, 2012a: 42, f. 17A-F, pl. 4-5 (mf)
Synema globosum Lehtinen, 2016: 154, f. 2c,j,n,o (f)
Synema globosum Breitling et al., 2016b: 55, 56 (S of Synema globosum clarum, S. globosum flavum and S. globosum pulchellum)
Synema globosum Lecigne, 2016d: 23, f. 12C (f)
Synema globosum Kiany et al., 2017: 3, f. 6a-d (m)
Synema globosum Urfer et al., 2021: 109, f. 2, 6A-K, 7A-M, 8A-G (mf)
Synema globosum Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 298, f. 226A-F (mf)
Synema globosum globosum Lissner & Suárez, 2023: 19, f. 1, 3
Synema globosum nigriventre Kulczyński, 1901 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031263
Synema globosum nigriventris Kulczyński, 1901b: 336, pl. 13, f. 6-7 (Df) Original description
Synema globosum nigriventre Roewer, 1955c: 886
Synema japonicum nigriventris Utochkin, 1960b: 1019, f. 5.1-4 (Dm, f, T from subspecies of S. globosum)
Synema gracilipes Dahl, 1907 | | Congo, East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031265
Synaema (Bueltia) gracilipes Dahl, 1907a: 383, 392 (Dmf, new subgenus) Original description
Synema guiyang J. S. Zhang, Lu & Yu, 2022 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054127
Synema guiyang J. S. Zhang, Lu & Yu in Zhang et al., 2022c: 4, f. 2A-D, 3A-F, 4A-F (Dmf) Original description
Synema haemorrhoidale Dahl, 1907 | | Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031266
Synaema (Justella) haemorrhoidalis Dahl, 1907a: 385, 394 (Df) Original description
Synema haenschi Dahl, 1907 | | Guatemala, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031267
Synema bimaculatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890a: 71, pl. 9, f. 7-8 (Dmf; preoccupied by Simon, 1886, see Firmicus bimaculatus)
Synema bimaculatum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 152, pl. 10, f. 19 (mf)
Synaema (Justella) haenschi Dahl, 1907a: 384, 394 (replacement name) Original description
Synema haenschi Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 200 (mf)
Synema helvolum Simon, 1907 | | Guinea-Bissau urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031268
Synema helvolum Simon, 1907d: 317 (Df) Original description
Synema hildebrandti Dahl, 1907 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031269
Synaema (Justella) hildebrandti Dahl, 1907a: 379, 381, 394 (Dmf) Original description
Synema hirtipes Dahl, 1907 | | Zimbabwe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031270
Synema hirtipes Dahl, 1907a: 386, 390 (Dm) Original description
Synema illustre Keyserling, 1880 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031271
Synema illustre Keyserling, 1880: 68, pl. 2, f. 35 (Dm) Original description
Synema imitatrix (Pavesi, 1883) | | Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031272
Diaea imitatrix Pavesi, 1883: 59 (Df) Original description
Synema imitatrix Pavesi, 1897b: 174
Synaema (Baerella) imitator Dahl, 1907a: 382, 391
Synema imitator Lessert, 1919: 151, f. 21, pl. 2, f. 16 (Dm)
Synema imitatrix Nentwig et al., 2019: 47 (specific epithet corrected)
Synema imitatrix Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 17, 14: 1 f., 17: 6 f., 18: 5 f. (mf)
Synema interjectivum Mello-Leitão, 1947 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031274
Synema interjectivum Mello-Leitão, 1947c: 16, pl. 3, f. 28 (Dm) Original description
Synema jaspideum Simon, 1907 | | Sierra Leone, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031275
Synema jaspideum Simon, 1907d: 318 (Dm) Original description
Synema lanceolatum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031277
Synema lanceolatum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 192, f. 98 (Dm) Original description
Synema langheldi Dahl, 1907 | | Somalia, Tanzania, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031278
Synema langheldi Dahl, 1907a: 383, 390 (Dj) Original description
Synema langheldi Lawrence, 1947: 26, f. 14a-b (Df)
Synema langheldi Caporiacco, 1947c: 221 (Df)
Synema langheldi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 19, 14: 1 f., 19: 4 f. (f)
Synema laticeps Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031279
Synaema (Schilleria) laticeps Dahl, 1907a: 380, 390 (Df, new subgenus) Original description
Synema latispinum Keyserling, 1883 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031280
Synema latispina Keyserling, 1883a: 223, pl. 15, f. 19 (Dm) Original description
Synema latissimum Dahl, 1907 | | Togo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031281
Synaema (Weissella) latissima Dahl, 1907a: 383, 392 (Df) Original description
Synema lineatum Thorell, 1895 | | Singapore urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031282
Synaema lineatum Thorell, 1895a: 353 (Df) Original description
Synaema lineatum Workman, 1896: 87, pl. 87 (f)
Synema longipes Dahl, 1907 | | Togo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031283
Synaema (Baerella) longipes Dahl, 1907a: 386, 391 (Dm) Original description
Synema longispinosum Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031284
Synema longispinosum Dahl, 1907a: 387, 390 (Dm) Original description
Synema lopezi Jiménez, 1988 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031285
Synema lopezi Jiménez, 1988a: 396, f. 1-4 (Dmf) Original description
Synema lunulatum Dahl, 1907 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031286
Synaema (Rimania) lunulata Dahl, 1907a: 384, 393 (Dmf) Original description
Synema luridum Keyserling, 1880 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031287
Synema lurida Keyserling, 1880: 67, pl. 2, f. 34 (Df) Original description
Synema luteovittatum Keyserling, 1891 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031288
Synema luteo-vittata Keyserling, 1891: 247, pl. 10, f. 187 (Dm) Original description
Synema maculatovittatum Caporiacco, 1954 | | French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031289
Synema maculatovittatus Caporiacco, 1954: 144, f. 44, 44a-c (Dmf) Original description
Synema maculatovittatum Brignoli, 1983c: 615
Synema maculosum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | | Central America urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031290
Synema maculosum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 81, pl. 10, f. 10 (Dj) Original description
Synema maculosum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 152, pl. 10, f. 20 (Df)
Synema maculosum Dahl, 1907a: 384 (Dm)
Synema madidum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031291
Synema madidum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895a: 153, pl. 19, f. 7 (Dm) Original description
Synema mandibulare Dahl, 1907 | | Tanzania, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031292
Synaema (Baerella) mandibularis Dahl, 1907a: 383, 391 (Dm) Original description
Synema mandibulare Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 20, 3 f. (f [undescribed] habitus)
Synema marcidum Simon, 1907 | | Guinea-Bissau urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031293
Synema marcidum Simon, 1907d: 317 (Df) Original description
Synema marlothi Dahl, 1907 | | South Africa, Lesotho urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031295
Synema marlothi Dahl, 1907a: 379, 389 (Dmf) Original description
Synema marlothi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 21, 14: 1 f., 21: 3 f (m, f habitus)
Synema multipunctatum (Simon, 1895) | | Yemen, Congo, Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031296
Firmicus multipunctatus Simon, 1895b: 438 (Df) Original description
Synema multipunctatum Lessert, 1928: 328, f. 16 (f)
Synema multipunctatum Millot, 1942: 55, f. 25A-C (Dm)
Synema mysorense Tikader, 1980 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031298
Synema mysorensis Tikader, 1980a: 138, f. 196-197 (Df) Original description
Synema nangoku Ono, 2002 | | China, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039040
Synema nangoku Ono, 2002e: 206, f. 13-18 (Df) Original description
Synema nangoku Tang et al., 2008a: 244, f. 29-33 (f)
Synema nangoku Ono, 2009a: 523, f. 269-270 (f)
Synema neomexicanum Gertsch, 1939 | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031299
Synema neomexicana Gertsch, 1939b: 338 (Df) Original description
Synema nigrianum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Venezuela to Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031300
Synema nigrianus Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 203, f. 106 (Df) Original description
Synema nigrianus Soares, 1943a: 1, f. (f)
Synema nigrianus Soares & Soares, 1946: 64, f. 13-14 (Dm)
Synema nigriventer Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031301
Synaema (Rimania) nigriventer Dahl, 1907a: 381, 392 (Df, new subgenus) Original description
Synema nigrotibiale Lessert, 1919 | | Tanzania, Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Yemen urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031302
Synema nigrotibiale Lessert, 1919: 156, f. 23-24, pl. 2, f. 22 (Dm) Original description
Synema nigrotibiale Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 22, 14: 1 f., 22: 4 f. (m, f [undescribed] habitus)
Synema nigrum Keyserling, 1880 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031303
Synema nigra Keyserling, 1880: 65, pl. 1, f. 33 (Dm) Original description
Synema nigricans Dahl, 1907a: 379 (lapsus)
Synema nitidulum Simon, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031304
Synema nitidulum Simon in Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 196, f. 102 (Dm) Original description
Synema obscurifrons Dahl, 1907 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031305
Synaema (Rimania) obscurifrons Dahl, 1907a: 385, 393 (Dm) Original description
Synema obscuripes Dahl, 1907 | | Madagascar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031306
Synema obscuripes Dahl, 1907a: 379, 393 (Dm) Original description
Synema opulentum Simon, 1886 | | Vietnam, Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031307
Synema opulentum Simon, 1886a: 145 (Df) Original description
Synema opulentum Thorell, 1895b: 310 (Dm)
Synaema (Rimania) opulenta Dahl, 1907a: 392
Synema opulentum birmanicum Thorell, 1887 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031308
Synema opulentum birmanicum Thorell, 1887: 266 (Df) Original description
Synema ornatum (Thorell, 1875) | | Hungary, Albania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Azerbaijan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031309
Diaea ornata Thorell, 1875b: 94 (Dm) Original description
Diaea ornata Thorell, 1875c: 128 (Dm)
Synema ornatum Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 87 (Df)
Synema ornatum Kulczyński, 1901b: 336, pl. 13, f. 8 (f)
Synema ornatum Utochkin, 1960a: 379, f. 6-8 (mf, removed from S of S. plorator)
Synema ornatum Kůrka et al., 2020: 19, f. 23a-d (m)
Synema ornatum Ponomarev & Shmatko, 2022b: 290, f. 10-16 (mf)
Synema palliatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031310
Synema palliatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 81, pl. 10, f. 8 (Df) Original description
Synema palliatum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 151, pl. 10, f. 18 (f)
Synema papuanellum Strand, 1913 | | New Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031311
Synema papuanellum Strand, 1913d: 118 (Dm) Original description
Synema papuanellum Strand, 1915d: 237, pl. 18, f. 88 (m)
Synema paraense Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031312
Synema paraense Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 197, f. 103 (Df) Original description
Synema parvulum (Hentz, 1847) | | USA, Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031313
Thomisus varians Walckenaer, 1837: 504 (Df, nomen oblitum)
Thomisus parvulum Hentz, 1847: 447, pl. 23, f. 8 (Df) Original description
Synema parvulum Keyserling, 1880: 57, pl. 1, f. 28 (f)
Synema nigromaculata Keyserling, 1880: 61, pl. 1, f. 31 (Dmf)
Synema parvula Emerton, 1902: 29, f. 85-86 (mf)
Synema parvula Dahl, 1907a: 380
Synema parvulum Gertsch, 1939b: 334, f. 80-81, 88 (mf)
Synema varians Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 163
Thomisus varians Roewer, 1955c: 1692 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium)
Synema parvula Breene et al., 1993: 80, f. 83A-C (mf)
Synema parvulum Gómez-Rodríguez & Salazar, 2012: 3, f. II.8A-B (f)
Synema pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1947 | j | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031314
Synema pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1947c: 224 (Dj) Original description
Synema pereirai Soares, 1943 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031315
Synema pereirai Soares, 1943a: 2, f. (Dm) Original description
Synema pichoni Schenkel, 1963 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031316
Synema pichoni Schenkel, 1963: 241, f. 134a-c (Df) Original description
Synema plorator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | | Eastern Europe, Tunesia, Middle East, Caucasus, Iran to Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031317
Thomisus plorator O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 306 (Dm) Original description
Synema plorator Simon, 1885c: 322
Synema plorator Dahl, 1907a: 389 (f)
Synema plorator Strand, 1913f: 154 (f)
Synema richteri Utochkin, 1960b: 1022, f. 3.1-5 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058405]
Synema plorator Levy, 1975: 159, f. 8-11 (mf, S of Synema richteri)
Synema plorator Levy, 1985b: 56, f. 78-81 (mf)
Synema plorator Marusik & Logunov, 1995a: 143, f. 16 (f)
Synema richteri Mcheidze, 1997: 145, f. 243-246 (mf)
Synema plorator Marusik, Guseinov & Aliev, 2005: 145, f. 17-19 (f)
Synema cf. plorator Namaghi et al., 2016: 19, f. 1e, 2i (f)
Synema pluripunctatum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031318
Synema pluripunctatum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 198, f. 105 (Df) Original description
Synema pusillum Caporiacco, 1955 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031319
Synema pusillum Caporiacco, 1955: 416, f. 64a-b (Df) Original description
Synema putum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | | Guatemala urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031320
Synema putum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 80, pl. 10, f. 9 (Df) Original description
Synema quadratum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031321
Synema quadratum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 193, f. 99-100 (Dmf) Original description
Synema quadrifasciatum Dahl, 1907 | j | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031322
Synaema (Rimania) quadrifasciata Dahl, 1907a: 381, 392 (Dj) Original description
Synema quadrimaculatum Roewer, 1961 | | Senegal urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031323
Synema quadrimaculatum Roewer, 1961b: 75, f. 28a-d (Df) Original description
Synema reimoseri Lessert, 1928 | | Congo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031324
Synema reimoseri Lessert, 1928: 322, f. 12-13 (Dmf) Original description
Synema revolutum Tang & Li, 2010 | | China, India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043695
Synema revolutum Tang & Li, 2010b: 80, f. 60A-D, 61A-C, 62A-D (Dmf) Original description
Synema revolutum Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2012c: 913, f. 16-20, 24 (f)
Synema revolutum Sen et al., 2015: 68, f. 376-380, pl. 17 (f)
Synema riflense Strand, 1909 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031325
Synema riflense Strand, 1909g: 579 (Dm) Original description
Synema riflense Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 23, 5 f. (f [undescribed], m habitus)
Synema rubromaculatum Keyserling, 1880 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031326
Synema rubromaculatum Keyserling, 1880: 60, pl. 1, f. 30 (Df) Original description
Synema scalare Strand, 1913 | j | Central Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031327
Synema scalare Strand, 1913a: 396 (Dj) Original description
Synema scheffleri Dahl, 1907 | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031328
Synema scheffleri Dahl, 1907a: 384, 387, 390, 394 (Dmf) Original description
Synema schulzi Dahl, 1907 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031329
Synaema (Justella) schulzi Dahl, 1907a: 379, 394 (Df) Original description
Synema setiferum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031331
Synema setiferum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 204, f. 107 (Df) Original description
Synema simoneae Lessert, 1919 | | Tanzania, South Africa, Lesotho urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031332
Synema simoneae Lessert, 1919: 154, pl. 2, f. 20, 26 (Df) Original description
Synema simoneae Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 24, 4 f. (f)
Synema simoneae Dippenaar-Schoeman & Webb, 2022d: 13, f. 1-8 (f)
Synema socium O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031333
Synema socium O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 83, pl. 11, f. 4 (Dm) Original description
Synema socium F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 152, pl. 10, f. 22 (m)
Synema spinosum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031334
Synema spinosum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 197 (Df) Original description
Synema spirale Dahl, 1907 | | South America urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031335
Synaema (Justella) spiralis Dahl, 1907a: 383, 393 (Dmf, new subgenus) Original description
Synema steckeri Dahl, 1907 | | Togo, Sudan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031336
Synema steckeri Dahl, 1907a: 385, 389 (Df) Original description
Synema steckeri Caporiacco, 1940c: 850 (Dm)
Synema subabnorme Caporiacco, 1947 | j | Uganda urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031337
Synema subabnorme Caporiacco, 1947c: 222 (Dj) Original description
Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 | | New Zealand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031338
Synaema (Baerella) suteri Dahl, 1907a: 381, 391 (Dmf) Original description
Synema tadzhikistanicum Utochkin, 1960 | | Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031339
Synema tadzhikistanicum Utochkin, 1960a: 378, f. 1-2 (Df) Original description
Synema tadzhikistanum Brignoli, 1983c: 615
Synema ternetzi Mello-Leitão, 1939 | | Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031340
Synema ternetzi Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 77, f. 63-64 (Dm) Original description
Synema tibiale Dahl, 1907 | | Malawi urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031341
Synema (Baerella) tibialis Dahl, 1907a: 380, 385, 391 (Dm) Original description
Synema togoense Dahl, 1907 | j | Togo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031342
Synaema (Justella) togoensis Dahl, 1907a: 378, 394 (Dj) Original description
Synema tricalcaratum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031343
Synema tricalcaratum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 194 (Dm) Original description
Synema trimaculosum Schmidt, 1956 | | Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031344
Synema trimaculosum Schmidt, 1956a: 26, f. 2 (Df) Original description
Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995 | | North Macedonia, Turkey, Russia (Europe, West Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031345
Synema plorator Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937: 283, f. 5-6 (mf, misidentified)
Synema plorator Utochkin, 1960a: 379, f. 3-5 (mf, misidentified)
Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995a: 142, f. 12-15 (Dmf) Original description
Synema utotchkini Demir, Aktas & Topçu, 2007: 121, f. 1-2 (m)
Synema utotchkini Fomichev, 2022c: 231, f. 42-44 (m)
Synema vachoni Jézéquel, 1964 | | Ivory Coast urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031346
Synema vachoni Jézéquel, 1964c: 1130, f. 34-35 (Dmf) Original description
Synema valentinieri Dahl, 1907 | | Egypt urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031347
Synema valentinieri Dahl, 1907a: 383, 390 (Df) Original description
Synema vallotoni Lessert, 1923 | | Zimbabwe, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031348
Synema vallotoni Lessert, 1923: 176, f. 21-22 (Df) Original description
Synema vallotoni Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 25, 4 f. (f habitus)
Synema variabile Caporiacco, 1939 | | Ethiopia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031349
Synema variabile Caporiacco, 1939a: 366, f. 19 (Df) Original description
Synema viridans (Banks, 1896) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031350
Misumena viridans Banks, 1896e: 71 (Dmf) Original description
Misumessus viridans Banks, 1910: 50
Misumenops viridans Petrunkevitch, 1911: 414
Parasynaema viridans Gertsch, 1934b: 15
Synema viridans Gertsch, 1939b: 335, f. 84-85, 89 (mf)
Synema viridisterne Jézéquel, 1966 | | Ivory Coast urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031351
Synema viridisternis Jézéquel, 1966: 619, f. 8-9 (Dmf) Original description
Synema vittatum Keyserling, 1880 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031352
Synema vittatum Keyserling, 1880: 69, pl. 2, f. 36 (Df) Original description
Synema zonatum Tang & Song, 1988 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031353
Synema zonatum Tang & Song, 1988a: 248, f. 11-12 (Df) Original description
Synema zonatum Chen & Zhang, 1991: 269, f. 280.1-4 (f)
Synema zonatum Song & Zhu, 1997: 134, f. 96A-B (f)
Synema zonatum Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 486, f. 282C (f)
Synema zonatum Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 455, f. 327A-B (f)
Synema zonatum Yin et al., 2012: 1298, f. 699a-c (f)

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