World Spider Catalog

Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: Includes Aphantochilidae as "a subfamily related to the Strophiinae" (Ono, 1988c: 217-218, after Homann, 1975: 184; see also Benjamin, 2011: 8 and Teixeira, Campos & Lise, 2014: 73). Separation of Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004 (Wunderlich, 2004m: 1738, Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here. Lehtinen, 2016 splits the family into five families, i.e. Thomisidae s. str., Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004, Stephanopidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871, Stiphropidae Simon, 1886 [sub Stiphropodidae; for nomenclatural author and year see Simon, 1886b: 170] and Bomidae Simon, 1886 [for nomenclatural author and year see Simon, 1886b: 173]; because of lack of a phylogenetic analysis and partly unclear limitations this splitting is not accepted; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 518, f. 17-18.

In synonymy:

Mecostrabus Simon, 1903 = Monaeses Thorell, 1869 (Ono, 1985b: 92)

Monastes Lucas, 1846 = Monaeses Thorell, 1869 (Thorell, 1869: 37, preoccupied, replacement name)

Rhynchognatha Thorell, 1887 = Monaeses Thorell, 1869 (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 101)

Homonym replaced:

Monastes Lucas, 1846 -- see Monaeses Thorell, 1869 - in Thorell, 1869

Gen. Monaeses Thorell, 1869 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02703

N.B.: replacement name for Monastes Lucas, 1846: 192 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05741], proccupied in Aves by Nitzsch, 1840; considered a senior synonym of Rhynchognatha Thorell, 1887: 284 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05743] (type R. cinerascens Thorell, 1887) by Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 101 (contra Crome, 1962: 167) and of Mecostrabus Simon, 1903g: 726 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05742] (type M. aciculus Simon, 1903) by Ono, 1985b: 92.

In synonymy:

Monaeses debilispina Lawrence, 1928 = Monaeses griseus Pavesi, 1897 (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 112)

Monaeses magnus Millot, 1942 = Monaeses austrinus Simon, 1910 (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 110)

Monaeses nigeriensis Millot, 1942 = Monaeses paradoxus Lucas, 1846 (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 107)

Monaeses paradoxus albidus Simon, 1906 = Monaeses paradoxus Lucas, 1846 (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 107)

Monaeses voltaensis Millot, 1942 = Monaeses austrinus Simon, 1910 (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 110)

Monaeses aciculus (Simon, 1903) | | Nepal to Japan, Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030746

Mecostrabus aciculus Simon, 1903g: 727 (Df) Original description

Monaeses aciculus Ono, 1985b: 93, f. 1-8 (f, Dm)

Monaeses acciculus Tang & Song, 1988b: 14, f. 2I-J (f)

Monaeses aciculus Chikuni, 1989b: 143, f. 23 (mf)

Monaeses aciculus Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 880, f. 52A-B (f)

Monaeses aciculus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 220, f. 126a-d (m)

Monaeses aciculus Song & Zhu, 1997: 59, f. 35A-H (mf)

Monaeses aciculus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 483, f. 275B, 279P, 280H (mf)

Monaeses aciculus Ono, 2009a: 510, f. 119-123 (mf)

Monaeses aciculus Yin et al., 2012: 1290, f. 694a-e (mf)

Monaeses aciculus Rio, 2020b: 86, f. 1b-c (f)

Monaeses attenuatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 | | Sri Lanka urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030747

Monaeses attenuatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899b: 529, pl. 30, f. 11 (Dm) Original description

Rhynchognatha attenuata Crome, 1962: 168 (Tm from Monaeses)

Monaeses austrinus Simon, 1910 | | Ivory Coast, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030748

Monaeses austrinus Simon, 1910b: 194 (Df) Original description

Monaeses magnus Millot, 1942: 27, f. 12K (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055958]

Monaeses voltaensis Millot, 1942: 28, f. 12I-J (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055961]

Monaeses austrinus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 110, f. 7a-e (mf, S of Monaeses magnus and M. voltaensis)

Monaeses austrinus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 54, 53: 1 f., 54: 4 f., 55: 4 f. (mf)

Monaeses brevicaudatus L. Koch, 1874 | | Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030749

Monaeses brevicaudatus L. Koch, 1874a: 526, pl. 40, f. 3 (Df) Original description

Monaeses caudatus Tang & Song, 1988 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030750

Monaeses caudatus Tang & Song, 1988a: 245, f. 1-3 (Df) Original description

Monaeses caudatus Chen & Zhang, 1995: 140, f. 1-2 (Dm)

Monaeses caudatus Song & Zhu, 1997: 59, f. 36A-E (mf)

Monaeses caudatus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 483, f. 275C, 280A, I (mf)

Monaeses cinerascens (Thorell, 1887) | j | Sri Lanka, Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030751

Rhynchognatha cinerascens Thorell, 1887: 285 (Dj) Original description

Monaeses cinerascens Simon, 1895a: 993

Rhynchognatha cinerascens Crome, 1962: 168 (Tj from Monaeses)

Monaeses fasciculiger Jézéquel, 1964 | | Ivory Coast urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030752

Monaeses fasciculigera Jézéquel, 1964c: 1116, f. 15-16 (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses fasciculigerus Brignoli, 1983c: 612

Monaeses fuscus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030753

Monaeses fuscus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 109, f. 1c, 6a-c (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses fuscus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 56, 5 f. (mf)

Monaeses gibbus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030754

Monaeses gibbus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 105, f. 4a-g (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses gibbus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 57, 53: 1 f., 57: 5 f. (mf)

Monaeses greeni O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 | | Sri Lanka urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030755

Monaeses greeni O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899b: 530, pl. 30, f. 12 (Dm) Original description

Rhynchognatha greeni Crome, 1962: 168 (Tm from Monaeses)

Monaeses griseus Pavesi, 1897 | | Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Namibia, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030756

Monaeses griseus Pavesi, 1897b: 173 (Df) Original description

Monaeses debilispina Lawrence, 1928: 245, pl. 22, f. 28 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055957]

Monaeses griseus Millot, 1942: 23, f. 12A-D (Dm)

Monaeses griseus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 112, f. 9a-d (mf, S of Monaeses debilispina)

Monaeses griseus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 58, 5 f. (mf)

Monaeses guineensis Millot, 1942 | | Guinea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030757

Monaeses guineensis Millot, 1942: 26, f. 13A-C (Dm) Original description

Monaeses habamatinikus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | | Philippines urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030758

Monaeses habamatinikus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 218, f. 125a-q (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973 | | Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Caucasus, Lebanon, Israel, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, India, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030759

Monaeses paradoxus Strand, 1915c: 147 (misidentified per Levy, 1973: 111)

Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973: 111, f. 8-11 (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1985b: 20, f. 15-18 (mf)

Monaeses israeliensis Bayram et al., 2007a: 132, f. 3A-D (m)

Monaeses israeliensis Kiany et al., 2017: 2, f. 2a-e (mf)

Monaeses israeliensis Yuan et al., 2019: 106, f. 1A-F (mf)

Monaeses israeliensis Naumova, Blagoev & Deltshev, 2021: 240, f. 22A-G (mf)

Monaeses israeliensis Sen & Sureshan, 2021b: 98, f. 1-4 (f; probably misidentified per Zarikian, Kosyan & Marusik, 2023: 144)

Monaeses israeliensis Zarikian, Kosyan & Marusik, 2023: 144, f. 8-13 (m)

Monaeses israeliensis Fedoriak, Kovblyuk & Kastrygina, 2023: 381, f. 2-7 (f)

Monaeses israeliensis Seropian et al., 2023: 288, f. S5 (m)

Monaeses jabalpurensis Gajbe & Rane, 1992 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030760

Monaeses jabalpurensis Gajbe & Rane, 1992: 395, f. 1-5 (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses jabalpurensis Gajbe, 2007: 449, f. 54-58 (mf)

Monaeses lucasi (Taczanowski, 1872) | | Guyana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030761

Monastes lucasii Taczanowski, 1872: 81, pl. 4, f. 5 (Dm) Original description

Rhynchognatha lucasi Crome, 1962: 168 (Tm from Monaeses)

Monaeses mukundi Tikader, 1980 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030762

Monaeses mukundi Tikader, 1980a: 145, f. 205-207 (Df) Original description

Monaeses nigritus Simon, 1909 | j | Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030763

Monaeses nigritus Simon, 1909e: 128 (Dj) Original description

Rhynchognatha nigrita Crome, 1962: 168 (Tj from Monaeses)

Monaeses pachpediensis (Tikader, 1980) | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030764

Tmarus pachpediensis Tikader, 1980a: 149, f. 211-213 (Df) Original description

Monaeses pachpediensis Ono, 1988c: 68 (Tf from Tmarus)

Monaeses paradoxus (Lucas, 1846) | | Southern Europe, Africa, Caucasus urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030765

Monastes paradoxus Lucas, 1846: 193, pl. 11, f. 1 (Dmf) Original description

Thomisus paradoxus Simon, 1866b: 286

Monaeses paradoxus Thorell, 1870b: 182

Monaeses caudicula Simon, 1885c: 324 (Dj)

Monaeses caudicula Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 102, pl. 4, f. 12 (Dmf)

Monaeses paradoxus Simon, 1895a: 995

Monaeses paradoxus albidus Simon, 1906a: 1165 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055960]

Monaeses paradoxus Simon, 1932: 782, 866, f. 1126-1129 (mf)

Monaeses nigeriensis Millot, 1942: 25, f. 12E-H (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055959]

Monaeses paradoxus Levy, 1973: 113, f. 12-14 (mf)

Monaeses paradoxus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 107, f. 5a-i (mf, S of Monaeses nigeriensis and M. paradoxus albidus)

Monaeses paradoxus Lecigne, 2016a: 113, f. 9A-B (f)

Monaeses paradoxus Lecigne, 2017: 35, f. 12I-J (f)

Monaeses paradoxus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 59, 53: 1 f., 59: 6 f., 60: 3 f. (mf)

Monaeses paradoxus Rehfeldt & Cassar, 2024: 35, f. 34a-b, 44e (f)

Monaeses parvati Tikader, 1963 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030766

Monaeses parvati Tikader, 1963e: 249, f. 1a-c (Df) Original description

Monaeses parvati Tikader, 1971a: 57, f. 16C-E (f)

Monaeses parvati Tikader, 1980a: 144, f. 202-204 (f)

Monaeses pustulosus Pavesi, 1895 | | Guinea, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia, DR Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030767

Monaeses pustulosus Pavesi, 1895a: 513 (Df) Original description

Tmarus pustulosus Simon, 1901d: 22

Monaeses pustulosus Lessert, 1915a: 35, pl. 2, f. 51 (f)

Monaeses pustulosus Lessert, 1919: 113, f. 9, pl. 2, f. 38 (Dm)

Monaeses pustulosus Millot, 1942: 22, f. 11A-D (mf)

Monaeses pustulosus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 112, f. 8a-g (mf)

Monaeses pustulosus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 61, 5 f. (mf)

Monaeses quadrituberculatus Lawrence, 1927 | | Tanzania, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030768

Monaeses quadrituberculatus Lawrence, 1927: 33, pl. 1, f. 21, pl. 3, f. 64 (Dmf) Original description

Monaeses quadrituberculatus Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1984: 105, f. 3a-e (m, Df)

Monaeses quadrituberculatus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020u: 62, 5 f. (mf)

Monaeses reticulatus (Simon, 1909) | j | Vietnam urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030769

Mecostrabus reticulatus Simon, 1909e: 127 (Dj) Original description

Monaeses tuberculatus (Thorell, 1895) | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030770

Rhynchognatha tuberculata Thorell, 1895b: 296 (Dm) Original description

Rhynchognatha tuberculata Crome, 1962: 168 (Tm from Monaeses)

Monaeses xiphosurus Simon, 1907 | | Guinea-Bissau urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030771

Monaeses xiphosura Simon, 1907d: 313 (Df) Original description

Monaeses xiphosurus Roewer, 1955c: 812

Monaeses xyphoides L. Koch, 1874 | j | Australia (Queensland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030772

Monaeses xyphoides L. Koch, 1874a: 525, pl. 40, f. 2 (Dj) Original description