World Spider Catalog

Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for the year of description (1869 vs. 1870) see Sherwood et al., 2021: 396, Breitling, 2021b published a different opinion; Raven, 1994: 333 considered the Trichopelmatinae (genera Trichopelma and Psalistops) to belong to the Theraphosidae rather than to Barychelidae, but has not provided a phylogenetic argument for this change; Trichopelma was finally transferred to the Theraphosidae (Guadanucci, 2014: 514) as well as Psalistops (Mori & Bertani, 2020: 37), so in fact Trichopelmatinae is now transferred to Theraphosidae; the monophyly of Theraphosidae and of the most recognized theraphosid subfamilies was confirmed by Lüddecke et al., 2018 and by Foley et al., 2019.

Gen. Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00241

type Ischnocolus holosericeus L. Koch, 1871; gender masculine; syn. of Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820)

N.B.: not a senior synonym of Luphocemus Denis 1960 (Korba & Opatova, 2026: 7, contra Korba et al., 2022: 870 and contra Benoit, 1965c: 297, who regarded it as synonym of Harpactirella Purcell, 1902); not a senior synonym of Leptopelma Ausserer, 1871 (= Nemesia Audouin, 1826) (Raven, 1990: 21, contra Raven, 1985a: 155).

Transferred to other genera:

Ischnocolus africanus (Ausserer, 1875) -- see Luphocemus

Ischnocolus culebrae Petrunkevitch, 1929 -- see Caribothele

Ischnocolus decoratus Tikader, 1977 -- see Chilobrachys

Ischnocolus denticulatus Franganillo, 1930 -- see Caribothele

Ischnocolus elongatus (Simon, 1873) -- see Luphocemus

Ischnocolus gracilis Ausserer, 1871 -- see Chaetopelma

Ischnocolus hancocki Smith, 1990 -- see Luphocemus

Ischnocolus insidiosus (Denis, 1960) -- see Luphocemus

Ischnocolus jerusalemensis Smith, 1990 -- see Chaetopelma

Ischnocolus khasiensis Tikader, 1977 -- see Chilobrachys

Ischnocolus nigrescens Keyserling, 1891 -- see Homoeomma

Ischnocolus pilosus Keyserling, 1891 -- see Homoeomma

Ischnocolus shoemakeri Petrunkevitch, 1926 -- see Caribothele

Ischnocolus syriacus Ausserer, 1871 -- see Chaetopelma

In synonymy:

Ischnocolus adenensis (Simon, 1890, T from Chaetopelma) = Ischnocolus jickelii L. Koch, 1875 (Guadanucci & Gallon, 2008: 42)

Ischnocolus algericus Thorell, 1875 = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus andalusiacus (Simon, 1873) = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus cavicola (Simon, 1889) = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Zonstein, 2018e: 114)

Ischnocolus fuscostriatus Simon, 1885 = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus holosericeus L. Koch, 1871 = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus maroccanus (Simon, 1873) = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus numidus Simon, 1909 = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus triangulifer Ausserer, 1871 = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus tripolitanus Caporiacco, 1937 = Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Nomina dubia:

Ischnocolus doleschalli Ausserer, 1871a: 189 (j, Brazil) -- Fukushima & Bertani, 2017: 127

Ischnocolus fasciculatus Strand, 1906b: 606 (f, Ethiopia) -- Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 399

Ischnocolus gracilis Keyserling, 1891: 11 (j, Brazil) -- Fukushima & Bertani, 2017: 123

Ischnocolus hirsutus Ausserer, 1875: 70 (j, Cuba) -- Fukushima & Bertani, 2017: 123

Ischnocolus tunetanus Pavesi, 1880b:362 (m, Tunisia, see also Strand, 1908h: 23, f) -- Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 399

Ischnocolus ignoratus Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014 | | Israel, Syria? urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046714

Ischnocolus ignoratus Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 396, f. 5A-C (Dmf) Original description

Ischnocolus ignoratus Zonstein, 2018e: 115, f. 21-23 (m)

Ischnocolus ignoratus Zonstein, 2023: 199, f. 1-28 (mf)

Ischnocolus jickelii L. Koch, 1875 | | Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen, Saudia Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Israel? urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002166

Ischnocolus jickelii L. Koch, 1875b: 58, pl. 6, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Chaetopelma adenense Simon, 1890a: 83 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001876]

Ischnocolus jickelii Guadanucci & Gallon, 2008: 42 (S of Chaetopelma adenense)

Ischnocolus jickelii Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 395, f. 4B (f)

Ischnocolus jickelii Zonstein, 2018e: 110, f. 9-17 (Dm)

Ischnocolus jickelii Montemor et al., 2020: 78, f. 1A-F, 2A-F, 5A-B, 6A-C, 9E-F, 10A-D (mf)

Ischnocolus jickelii Zamani et al., 2022b: 379, f. 78-81 (f)

Ischnocolus meron Zonstein, 2023 | | Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058409

Ischnocolus meron Zonstein, 2023: 203, f. 29-52 (Dmf) Original description

Ischnocolus mogadorensis Simon, 1909 | | Morocco, Western Sahara urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002169

Ischnocolus mogadorensis Simon, 1909b: 10 (Df) Original description

Ischnocolus mogadorensis Korba et al., 2022: 860, f. 5C, 7.1A-E, 8.1A-E, 9B, 10B, 14A-N, 15A-G, 16A-D (Dm, f, removed from S of Ischnocolus valentinus, contra Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391)

Ischnocolus rubropilosus Keyserling, 1891 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002171

Ischnocolus rubropilosus Keyserling, 1891: 12 (Df) Original description

Ischnocolus tomentosus Thorell, 1899 | | Cameroon, Congo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002173

Ischnocolus tomentosus Thorell, 1899: 9 (Df) Original description

Ischnocolus tomentosus Laurent, 1946: 294, f. 1 (Dm)

Ischnocolus tomentosus Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 398 (may belong to Myostola)

Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) | | Spain, Italy (Sicily), Morocco, Algeria, Tunesia, Libya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002177 TYPE SPECIES

Mygale valentina Dufour, 1820b: 101, pl. 73, f. 1-2 (Dm) Original description

Mygale valenciana Walckenaer, 1837: 228

Trechona valentinus Thorell, 1870b: 168

Ischnocolus holosericeus L. Koch in Ausserer, 1871a: 186 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002164]

Ischnocolus triangulifer Ausserer, 1871a: 186 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002174]

Ischnocolus valentinus Ausserer, 1871a: 186

Actena triangulifera Doleschall in Ausserer, 1871a: 186 (cf. Bonnet, 1955: 151)

Avicularia andalusiaca Simon, 1873a: 13, pl. 1, f. 2 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002159]

Avicularia marocanna Simon, 1873a: 15 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002168]

Ischnocolus andalusiacus Ausserer, 1875: 173

Ischnocolus maroccanus Ausserer, 1875: 173

Ischnocolus algericus Thorell, 1875c: 123 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002158]

Ischnocolus fuscostriatus Simon, 1885i: 41 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002162]

Leptopelma cavicola Simon, 1889f: 396, pl. 13, f. 3 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001201]

Ischnocolus holosericeus Simon, 1892a: 136, f. 119

Ischnocolus algericus Simon, 1903a: 925, f. 1070-1071 (m)

Ischnocolus fuscomaculatus Strand, 1908h: 25 (f, invalid provisional name; misspelled by Roewer, 1942a: 234 as fuscoannulatus)

Ischnocolus numida Simon, 1909b: 9 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002170]

Ischnocolus andalusiacus Bacelar, 1932: 171, f. 3-5 (m)

Ischnocolus tripolitanus Caporiacco, 1937: 57 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002175]

Ischnocolus algericus Schmidt, 1986: 40, f. 1-2 (m)

Ischnocolus algericus Smith, 1987d: 88, f. 89 (m)

Ischnocolus algericus Smith, 1990c: 126, f. 778-786 (m)

Ischnocolus holosericeus Smith, 1990c: 129, f. 819-829 (Df)

Ischnocolus maroccanus Smith, 1990c: 131, f. 847-860 (m)

Ischnocolus algericus Schmidt, 1993d: 57, f. 26-29 (m)

Ischnocolus algericus Schmidt, 2003l: 110, f. 44-47 (m)

Ischnocolus holosericus Schmidt, 2003l: 111, f. 48 (f)

Ischnocolus andalusiacus Le Peru, 2011: 106, f. 101 (m)

Ischnocolus holosericeus Le Peru, 2011: 106, f. 102 (f)

Ischnocolus valentinus Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014: 391, f. 3A-D (mf, S of Ischnocolus algericus, I. andalusiacus, I. fuscostriatus, I. holosericeus, I. maroccanus, I. mogadorensis, I. numidus, I. triangulifer and I. tripolitanus; S of I. mogadorensis rejected by Korba et al., 2022: 860)

Ischnocolus valentinus Zonstein, 2018e: 114, f. 18-20 (m, S of Nemesia cavicola)

Ischnocolus valentinus Montemor et al., 2020: 89, f. 9C-D (m)

Ischnocolus valentinus Tamajón Gómez, Pertegal Pérez & Rodríguez Castilla, 2020: 165, f. 1a-c (m)

Ischnocolus valentinus Korba et al., 2022: 866, f. 5A-B, 7.2A-E, 8.2A-E, 9A, 10A, 18A-N, 19A-G, 20A-D (mf)

Ischnocolus valentinus Lecigne, Moutaouakil & Lips, 2025: 146, f. 90N-O (f)

Ischnocolus valentinus Hernández-Corral, Barrientos & García-Teba, 2025: 59, f. 11A-G (m)

Ischnocolus vanandelae Montemor, West & Zamani, 2020 | | Oman, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:051704

Ischnocolus vanandelae Montemor, West & Zamani in Montemor et al., 2020: 84, f. 3A-F, 4A-F, 5C-D, 6D-F, 7C, 9A-B (Dmf) Original description