World Spider Catalog

Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for the year of description (1869 vs. 1870) see Sherwood et al., 2021: 396, Breitling, 2021b published a different opinion; Raven, 1994: 333 considered the Trichopelmatinae (genera Trichopelma and Psalistops) to belong to the Theraphosidae rather than to Barychelidae, but has not provided a phylogenetic argument for this change; Trichopelma was finally transferred to the Theraphosidae (Guadanucci, 2014: 514) as well as Psalistops (Mori & Bertani, 2020: 37), so in fact Trichopelmatinae is now transferred to Theraphosidae; the monophyly of Theraphosidae and of the most recognized theraphosid subfamilies was confirmed by Lüddecke et al., 2018 and by Foley et al., 2019.

In synonymy:

Agathostola Simon, 1892 = Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Simon, 1903a: 936)

Butantania Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Pérez-Miles et al., 1996: 52)

Calopelma Chamberlin, 1917 = Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 241)

Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929 = Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Lucas & Indicatti, 2015: 210)

Cyclothorax Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Lucas & Indicatti, 2015: 210)

Strongylothorax André, 1937 = Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Bonnet, 1956: 1327, sub Cyclothoracoides)

Gen. Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00237

type Homoeomma stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 (see Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 241); gender neuter; syn. of Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Agathostola Simon, 1892a: 163 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05987] (type A. strabo Simon, 1892) by Simon, 1903a: 936 and of Calopelma Chamberlin, 1917: 43 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05094] (type C. brasilianum Chamberlin, 1917) by Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 241, of Butantania Mello-Leitão, 1935c: 358 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05092] (type B. hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1935) by Pérez-Miles et al., 1996: 52 (removed from the synonymy of Dryptopelma Simon, 1889 [now a synonym of Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871], contra Raven, 1985a: 150) and of Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929: 17 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05102] by Lucas & Indicatti, 2015: 210 (contra Raven, 1985a: 151, who considered it a synonym of Hapalotremus Simon, 1903); Cyclothoracoides is a replacement name for Cyclothorax Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 341 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05101] (type C. cyclothorax Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923)), proccupied in Acari/Mesostigmata by Frauenfeld, 1868; Cyclothoracoides was considered a senior synonym of the superfluous replacement name Strongylothorax André, 1937: 27 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:06411] by Bonnet, 1956: 1327.

Transferred to other genera:

Homoeomma alcirae Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1954 -- see Plesiopelma

Homoeomma humile Vellard, 1924 -- see Bumba

Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) -- see Urupelma

Homoeomma pictum (Pocock, 1903) -- see Anqasha

Homoeomma simoni Soares & Camargo, 1948 -- see Catanduba

In synonymy:

Homoeomma bicolor Sherwood, Gabriel & Longhorn, 2018 = Homoeomma chilense Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 (Sherwood, Gabriel & Longhorn, 2019: 70)

Homoeomma cyclothorax (Mello-Leitão, 1923, T from Cyclothoracoides) = Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) (Cavallo & Ferretti, 2015: 880)

Homoeomma funestum (Keyserling, 1891, T from Crypsidromus) = Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling, 1891) (Pocock, 1903b: 112)

Homoeomma hirsutum (Mello-Leitão, 1935) = Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) (Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 223)

Homoeomma moreirae (Mello-Leitão, 1923, T from Calopelma) = Homoeomma brasilianum (Chamberlin, 1917) (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 245)

Homoeomma nigrescens (Keyserling, 1891, T from Ischnocolus) = Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling, 1891) (Pocock, 1903b: 112)

Homoeomma perfidum (Keyserling, 1891, T from Crypsidromus) = Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling, 1891) (Pocock, 1903b: 112)

Homoeomma pilosum (Keyserling, 1891, T from Ischnocolus) = Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling, 1891) (Pocock, 1903b: 112)

Homoeomma regina (Chamberlin, 1917, T from Plesiopelma) = Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880 (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 251, sub Homoeomma strabo)

Homoeomma serratum (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958, T from Tmesiphantes) = Homoeomma uruguayense (Mello-Leitão, 1946) (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 253)

Homoeomma strabo (Simon, 1892) = Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880 (Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 216)

Homoeomma stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 = Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880 (Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 216)

Nomen dubium:

Homoeomma nigrum (Walckenaer, 1837: 214, mf, Brazil, originally in Mygale) -- Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 233

Homoeomma brasilianum (Chamberlin, 1917) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002121

Calopelma brasiliana Chamberlin, 1917: 44, pl. 3-4 (Dm) Original description

Calopelma brasilianum Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 146, f. 45-47 (m)

Calopelma moreirae Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 149 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057651]

Calopelma brasiliana Bücherl, 1957: 388, f. 26-26a (m)

Homoeomma brasilianum Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 245, f. 1-10 (m, T from Calopelma, S of Calopelma moreirae)

Homoeomma brasiliana Schmidt, 1986: 45, f. 41-42 (m)

Calopelma brasilianum Smith, 1986b: 75, f. 7h (m)

Calopelma moreirae Smith, 1986b: 75, f. 8h (m)

Calopelma brasilianum Smith, 1987d: 75, f. 7h (m)

Calopelma moreirae Smith, 1987d: 75, f. 8h (m)

Homoeomma brasilianum Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 106-107 (m)

Homoeomma brasilianum Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 25, 32 (m)

Homoeomma brasilianum Schmidt, 2003l: 169, f. 390-391 (m)

Homoeomma brasilianum Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 218, f. 4A-I (m, Df)

Homoeomma chilense Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050647

Homoeomma chilensis Montenegro & Aguilera in Montenegro, Aguilera & Casanueva, 2018: 14, f. 1a-f, 2a-h, 3a-g, 4a-c (Dmf) Original description

Homoeomma bicolor Sherwood, Gabriel & Longhorn, 2018: 21, f. 1-16, 20 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050736]

Homoeomma chilensis Sherwood, Gabriel & Longhorn, 2019: 70 (S of Homoeomma bicolor)

Homoeomma chilense Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024a: 341, f. 1d, 2e, 3e, 4d, 10a-b, 11a, c (mf)

Homoeomma chilense Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024b: 86, f. 1a-d (m)

Homoeomma elegans (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958) | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002122

Tmesiphantes elegans Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958: 4, f. 6-10 (Dm) Original description

Homoeomma elegans Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 245, f. 40-44 (m, T from Tmesiphantes)

Homoeomma elegans Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 118-119 (m)

Homoeomma elegans Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 30, 37 (m)

Homoeomma elegans Schmidt, 1999f: 8, f. 7-8 (m)

Homoeomma elegans Schmidt, 2003l: 169, f. 392-393 (m)

Homoeomma elegans Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 221, f. 5A-I (m)

Homoeomma espinozai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061456

Homoeomma espinozai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024b: 90, f. 8a-f, 9, 10d (Dm) Original description

Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002123 TYPE SPECIES

Mygale versicolor C. L. Koch, 1842: 57, pl. 307, f. 727 (m; misidentified per O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683)

Lasiodora versicolor C. L. Koch, 1850: 72 (misidentified per O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683)

Homoeomma versicolor Ausserer, 1871a: 211 (misidentified per O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683)

Homoeomma versicolor Ausserer, 1875: 196, pl. 7, f. 38 (m; misidentified per O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683)

Homoeomma familiaris Bertkau, 1880a: 37, pl. 1, f. 11 (Df) Original description

Homoeomma stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683, pl. 60, f. 1-7 (Dmf, new name for Mygale versicolor sensu C. L. Koch, 1842) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002131]

Agathostola strabo Simon, 1892a: 163 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002130]

Homoeomma strabo Simon, 1903a: 936

Homoeomma strabo Pocock, 1903b: 216 (S of Homoeomma familiare)

Eurypelma regina Chamberlin, 1917: 49, pl. 4, f. 1 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057652]

Grammostola familiaris Mello-Leitão, 1921a: 303

Plesiopelma regina Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 182

Homoeomma familiaris Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961: 203, f. 9 (f, removed from S of Grammostola mollicoma, rejecting Bücherl, 1951: 112)

Homoeomma strabo Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 251, f. 23-34 (mf, S of Plesiopelma regina)

Homoeomma stradlingi Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 244, f. 35-39 (m, removed from S of Homoeomma nigrum, rejecting Pocock, 1903b: 111)

Homoeomma nigrum Smith, 1986b: 87, f. 55h (m; misidentified sensu O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683 and Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 244)

Plesiopelma regina Smith, 1986b: 66, f. 102h (m)

Homoeomma nigrum Smith, 1987d: 87, f. 55h (m; misidentified sensu O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881c: 683 and Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 244)

Plesiopelma regina Smith, 1987d: 66, f. 102h (m)

Homoeomma strabo Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 113-115 (mf)

Homoeomma stradlingi Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 116-117 (m)

Homoeomma stradlingi Pérez-Miles et al., 1996: 52, f. 24-25 (m)

Homoeomma strabo Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 28, 35, 40 (mf)

Homoeomma stradlingi Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 29, 36 (m)

Homoeomma familiare Schmidt, 2003l: 170, f. 394 (f)

Homoeomma strabo Peters, 2003: 207, f. 837-839 (mf)

Homoeomma strabo Schmidt, 2003l: 125, f. 93-95 (mf)

Homoeomma stradlingi Schmidt, 2003l: 170, f. 399-400 (m)

Homoeomma strabo Peters, 2005b: 74, f. 242-247 (mf)

Homoeomma familiare Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 216, f. 2A-I, 3A-E (mf, S of Homoeomma strabo and H. stradlingi)

Homoeomma minimum Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061454

Homoeomma mínimum Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024b: 88, f. 4a-f, 5a-b, 10b (Dmf) Original description

Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002126

Tmesiphantes montanus Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 139, f. 48-50 (Dmf) Original description

Cyclothorax cyclothorax Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 342 (Dm, generic name preoccupied) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002032]

Cyclothoracoides cyclothorax Strand, 1929: 17 (generic replacement name)

Butantania hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1935c: 359, f. 5-8 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002124]

Strongylothorax cyclothorax André, 1937: 27 (superfluous generic replacement name)

Butantania hirsuta Bücherl, 1957: 388, f. 25 (m)

Tmesiphantes montanus Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 126, f. 38-41 (mf)

Homoeomma montanum Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 249, f. 11-17 (mf, T from Tmesiphantes)

Butantania hirsuta Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 242, f. 3-4 (m)

Butantania hirsuta Schmidt, 1986: 42, f. 18 (m)

Butantania hirsuta Smith, 1986b: 75, f. 6h (m)

Tmesiphantes montanus Smith, 1986b: 100, f. 109h (m)

Butantania hirsuta Smith, 1987d: 75, f. 6h (m)

Tmesiphantes montanus Smith, 1987d: 100, f. 109h (m)

Dryptopelma hirsutum Schmidt, 1993d: 65, f. 87 (m)

Homoeomma montanum Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 108-110 (mf)

Homoeomma hirsutum Pérez-Miles et al., 1996: 52, f. 26 (m)

Cyclosternum hirsutum Schaefer, 1996: 24, f. 14 (m)

Homoeomma montanum Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 26, 33, 39 (mf)

Homoeomma montanum Bertani, 2000: 30, f. 13-14 (m)

Homoeomma montanum Schmidt, 2003l: 170, f. 395, 397-398 (mf)

Homoeomma hirsutum Schmidt, 2003l: 170, f. 396 (m)

Homoeomma montanum Cavallo & Ferretti, 2015: 880 (S of Cyclothoracoides cyclothorax)

Homoeomma montanum Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 223, f. 6A-I (mf, S of Homoeomma hirsutum)

Homoeomma orellanai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050648

Homoeomma orellanai Montenegro & Aguilera in Montenegro, Aguilera & Casanueva, 2018: 17, f. 5a-e, 6a-i, 7a-g, 8a-b (Dmf) Original description

Homoeomma orellanai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024a: 341, f. 1e-f, 2f, 3f, 10c-d, 11b (mf)

Homoeomma orellanai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024b: 87, f. 1e-h (m)

Homoeomma poqui Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061455

Homoeomma poqui Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024b: 89, f. 6a-f, 7a-b, 10c (Dmf) Original description

Homoeomma toriyamai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024 | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061453

Homoeomma toriyamai Montenegro & Aguilera, 2024b: 87, f. 2a-f, 3a-b, 10a (Dmf) Original description

Homoeomma uruguayense (Mello-Leitão, 1946) | | Uruguay, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002132

Hapalotremus uruguayensis Mello-Leitão, 1946c: 7, f. 10-11 (Dm) Original description

Hapalotremus uruguayensis Bücherl, 1957: 391, f. 35-35a (m)

Tmesiphantes serratus Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958: 3, f. 1-5 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057653]

Homoeomma uruguayensis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 253, f. 45-51 (m, Df, T from Hapalotremus, S of Tmesiphantes serratus)

Homoeomma uruguayensis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1973b: 74, f. 25-31 (mf)

Hapalotremus uruguayensis Schmidt, 1986: 41, f. 13-14 (m)

Homoeomma uruguayense Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 120-122 (mf)

Homoeomma uruguayense Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 31, 38, 41 (mf)

Homoeomma uruguayensis Vol, 1999a: 12, f. M (f)

Homoeomma uruguayense Schmidt, 1999f: 8, f. 9 (f)

Homoeomma uruguayense Schmidt, 2003l: 170, f. 401-403 (mf)

Homoeomma uruguayense Montes de Oca & Pérez-Miles, 2009: 43, f. 16-17 (m)

Homoeomma uruguayense Ferretti, Copperi & Pompozzi, 2019: 437, f. 1a-i, 2a-e, 3a-e (mf)

Homoeomma uruguayense Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 227, f. 7A-I (mf)

Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling, 1891) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002133

Hapalopus villosus Keyserling, 1891: 7, pl. 1, f. 2 (Dm) Original description

Ischnocolus pilosus Keyserling, 1891: 9 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066711]

Ischnocolus nigrescens Keyserling, 1891: 10 (Df; unidentifiable j Grammostola per Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 237) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066712]

Crypsidromus perfidus Keyserling, 1891: 14 (Df; unidentifiable j Grammostola per Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 237) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066713]

Crypsidromus funestus Keyserling, 1891: 15 (Df; unidentifiable j Grammostola per Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 237) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066714]

Homoeomma villosum Simon, 1903a: 936

Homoeomma villosum Pocock, 1903b: 112 (S of Crypsidromus funestus, C. perfidus, Ischnocolus nigrescens and I. pilosus)

Homoeomma villosum Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 167 (Dmf)

Homoeomma villosum Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 255, f. 18-22 (m)

Homoeomma villosum Schmidt, 1993d: 67, f. 111-112 (m)

Homoeomma villosum Schmidt, 1997g: 15, f. 27, 34 (m)

Homoeomma villosum Schmidt, 2003l: 170, f. 404-405 (m)

Homoeomma villosum Galleti-Lima et al., 2026: 230, f. 8A-I (mf)