World Spider Catalog

Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for the year of description (1869 vs. 1870) see Sherwood et al., 2021: 396, Breitling, 2021b published a different opinion; Raven, 1994: 333 considered the Trichopelmatinae (genera Trichopelma and Psalistops) to belong to the Theraphosidae rather than to Barychelidae, but has not provided a phylogenetic argument for this change; Trichopelma was finally transferred to the Theraphosidae (Guadanucci, 2014: 514) as well as Psalistops (Mori & Bertani, 2020: 37), so in fact Trichopelmatinae is now transferred to Theraphosidae; the monophyly of Theraphosidae and of the most recognized theraphosid subfamilies was confirmed by Lüddecke et al., 2018 and by Foley et al., 2019.

In synonymy:

Dryptopelmides Strand, 1907 = Holothele Karsch, 1879 (Raven, 1985a: 152)

Stichoplastus Simon, 1889 = Holothele Karsch, 1879 (Rudloff, 1997a: 10)

Gen. Holothele Karsch, 1879 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00236

N.B.: transferred from the Dipluridae to the Theraphosidae by Raven, 1980a: 254; considered a senior synonym of Schismatothele Karsch, 1879, Euthycaelus Simon, 1889 (both rejected, see below), Hemiercus Simon, 1903a: 929 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00929] (type Hapalopus inflatus Simon, 1889), Scopelobates Simon, 1903 (rejected by by Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2017: 175) and Dryptopelmides Strand, 1907l: 18 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05105] (type D. ludwigi Strand, 1907) by Raven, 1985a: 153; considered a senior synonym of Stichoplastus Simon, 1889m: 208 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05136] (type S. ravidus Simon, 1889 = Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875)) (itself considered a senior synonym of Proshapalopus Mello-Leitão, 1923 by Raven, 1985a: 157) by Rudloff, 1997a: 10 (through transfer of type species); not a senior synonym of Schismatothele Karsch, 1879 (Rudloff, 1997a: 12, contra Raven, 1985a) or of Proshapalopus Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Rudloff, 1997a: 12; Bertani, 2001: 286); not a senior synonym of Euthycaelus Simon, 1889 (Guadanucci & Weinmann, 2014: 276, after Rudloff, 1997a: 7, contra Raven, 1985a: 157).

Transferred to other genera:

Holothele anomala (Mello-Leitão, 1923) -- see Proshapalopus

Holothele asterix (Valerio, 1980) -- see Stichoplastoris

Holothele cervina (Simon, 1889) -- see Euthycaelus

Holothele colonica (Simon, 1889) -- see Euthycaelus

Holothele culebrae (Petrunkevitch, 1929) -- see Cyrtopholis

Holothele denticulata (Valerio, 1980) -- see Stichoplastoris

Holothele doeringi (Holmberg, 1881) -- see Grammostola

Holothele elusinus (Valerio, 1980) -- see Stichoplastoris

Holothele incei (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) -- see Neoholothele

Holothele inflata (Simon, 1889) -- see Schismatothele

Holothele kastoni (Caporiacco, 1955) -- see Schismatothele

Holothele lineata (Karsch, 1879) -- see Schismatothele

Holothele modesta (Simon, 1889) -- see Schismatothele

Holothele obelix (Valerio, 1980) -- see Stichoplastoris

Holothele obsoleta (Franganillo, 1935) -- see Cyrtopholis

Holothele proxima (Mello-Leitão, 1923) -- see Schismatothele

Holothele sericeus (Simon, 1903) -- see Scopelobates

Holothele spinulosa (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) -- see Metriopelma

Holothele steini (Simon, 1889) -- see Trichopelma

Holothele variegata (Caporiacco, 1955) -- see Metriopelma

Holothele vellardi Rudloff, 1997 -- see Neoholothele

Holothele waikoshiemi Bertani & Araújo, 2006 -- see Yanomamius

In synonymy:

Holothele ludwigi (Strand, 1907) = Holothele longipes L. Koch, 1875 (Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2017: 265)

Holothele ravida (Simon, 1889, T from Stichoplastus) = Holothele longipes L. Koch, 1875 (Rudloff, 1997a: 10, sub Holothele recta)

Holothele recta Karsch, 1879 = Holothele longipes L. Koch, 1875 (Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2017: 265)

Holothele rondoni (Lucas & Bücherl, 1972) = Holothele longipes L. Koch, 1875 (Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2017: 265)

Holothele sanguiniceps (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) = Holothele longipes L. Koch, 1875 (Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2017: 265)

Holothele culebrae (Petrunkevitch, 1929) | | Puerto Rico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002109

Ischnocolus culebrae Petrunkevitch, 1929b: 31, f. 18-24 (Df) Original description

Holothele culebrae Rudloff, 1997a: 8, f. 23 (Tf from Ischnocolus)

Holothele aff. culebrae Guadanucci, 2020: 88, f. 3.4F-J, 3.5O (mf)

Holothele denticulata (Franganillo, 1930) | | Cuba urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002110

Ischnoculus denticulatus Franganillo, 1930: 5 (Df) Original description

Ischnocolus denticularis Roewer, 1942a: 235

Holothele denticulata Rudloff, 1997a: 9, f. 5-7 (Tf from Ischnocolus, Dm)

Holothele denticulata Peters, 2000b: 26, f. 49-51 (mf)

Holothele denticulata Peters, 2003: 202, f. 815, 818-819 (mf)

Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875) | | Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002112

Chaetopelma longipes L. Koch in Ausserer, 1875: 174, pl. 6, f. 20-21 (Dm) Original description

Holothele recta Karsch, 1879d: 544 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002114]

Stichoplastus ravidus Simon, 1889m: 208 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056371]

Stichoplastus sanguiniceps F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899c: 895 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002116]

Dryptopelmides ludwigi Strand, 1907l: 19 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002113]

Stichoplastus ravidus Schenkel, 1953a: 2, f. 2a-b (m)

Dryptopelmides rondoni Lucas & Bücherl, 1972: 234, f. 1-4 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002115]

Dryptopelma rondoni Raven, 1985a: 152 (T from Dryptopelmides = Holothele)

Dryptopelma rondoni Schmidt, 1993d: 65, f. 96-97 (mf)

Dryptopelmides rondoni Schaefer, 1996: 24, f. 10-11 (mf)

Holothele longipes Rudloff, 1997a: 9 (T from Chaetopelma)

Holothele recta Rudloff, 1997a: 10, f. 1-2 (mf, S of Stichoplastus ravidus)

Holothele rondoni Rudloff, 1997a: 10, f. 19 (mf, T from Dryptopelma = Cyclosternum)

Holothele sanguiniceps Rudloff, 1997a: 11, f. 3-4 (f, Dm)

Holothele sanguiniceps Peters, 2000b: 28, f. 57-58 (mf)

Holothele sanguiniceps Peters, 2003: 204, f. 830-832 (mf)

Holothele sanguiniceps Schmidt, 2003b: 17, f. 1-3 (f)

Holothele rondoni Schmidt, 2003l: 109, f. 40-41 (mf)

Holothele sanguiniceps Schmidt, 2003l: 109, f. 42 (f)

Holothele longipes Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2017: 265, f. 1A-G, 2A-F, 3A-D, 4A-F (mf, S of Holothele recta, H. sanguiniceps, H. rondoni and H. ludwigi)

Holothele longipes Sherwood & Gabriel, 2019: 280, f. 1-7 (m)

Holothele longipes Guadanucci, 2020: 88, f. 3.4A-E, 3.5M-N (mf)

Holothele longipes Peñaherrera-R. et al., 2023a: 142, f. 1, 2A-F (m)

Holothele maddeni (Esposito & Agnarsson, 2014) | | Dominican Rep. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047258

Trichopelma maddeni Esposito & Agnarsson in Bloom et al., 2014: 152, f. 3a-g (Df) Original description

Holothele maddeni Mori & Bertani, 2020: 123 (T from Trichopelma)

Holothele shoemakeri (Petrunkevitch, 1926) | | US Virgin Islands (St. Thomas) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002118

Ischnocolus shoemakeri Petrunkevitch, 1926: 36, f. 2-3 (Df) Original description

Holothele shoemakeri Rudloff, 1997a: 11 (Tf from Ischnocolus)

Holothele sulfurensis Maréchal, 2005 | | Guadeloupe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039501

Holothele sulfurensis Maréchal, 2005: 212, f. 1A-D, 2A-B, 3A-B, 4A-B (Dmf) Original description