World Spider Catalog

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on relationships, see Michalik & Hormiga, 2010: 7; re-synonymization of Pimoidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; Sinopimoidae Li & Wunderlich, 2008 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0112] synonymyized with Linyphiidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 245; resurrection of Sinopimoidae by Wunderlich, 2020b: 20 is not accepted here, because Dimitrov et al., 2017 was not taken into account; re-elevation of Sinopimoidae to family level by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 343 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); the current status of Sinopimoidae is also maintained for reasons of stability and we wait for a probable confirmation or rejection of this resurrection; Tian et al., 2022 show five subfamilies: Linyphiinae (incl. Mynogleninae Lehtinen, 1967: 250 and Dubiaraneinae Millidge, 1993c: 145), Erigoninae Emerton, 1882: 7, Micronetinae Hull, 1920a: 8, Ipainae Saaristo, 2007b: 34 and Stemonyphantinae Wunderlich, 1986: 120; da Silva-Moreira, Kulkarni & Hormiga, 2025: 60-62 list resp. newly circumscribe six subfamilies: Erigoninae, Lepthyphantinae Simon, 1929: 562, Linyphiinae (syn. nov.: Dubiaraneinae), Mynogleninae, Pocobletinae Silva-Moreira & Hormiga, 2025: 61 (new subfamily) and Stemonyphantinae, state Ipainae and Micronetinae to be polyphyletic, leave several linyphiid clades unranked and also several genera as incertae sedis.

Gen. Bolyphantes C. L. Koch, 1837 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00867

type Bolyphantes alpestris C. L. Koch, 1837; gender masculine; syn. of Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833)

Transferred to other genera:

Bolyphantes affinitatus Strand, 1901 -- see Incestophantes

Bolyphantes auriformis Zhu & Tu, 1986 -- see Mughiphantes

Bolyphantes bonneti Loksa, 1965 -- see Parawubanoides

Bolyphantes caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1990 -- see Bolephthyphantes

Bolyphantes crinifrons (Urquhart, 1891) -- see Nomaua

Bolyphantes crucifer (Menge, 1866) -- see Incestophantes

Bolyphantes hyperauritus Loksa, 1965 -- see Tchatkalophantes

Bolyphantes index (Thorell, 1856) -- see Bolephthyphantes

Bolyphantes indexoides Tanasevitch, 1989 -- see Bolephthyphantes

Bolyphantes nigromaculatus Zhu & Wen, 1983 -- see Mughiphantes

Bolyphantes sibiricus (Grube, 1861) -- see Stemonyphantes

Bolyphantes sophianus Drensky, 1931 -- see Antrohyphantes

Bolyphantes unicornis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) -- see Parawubanoides

Bolyphantes zonatus (Simon, 1884) -- see Canariphantes

Bolyphantes zonatus lucifugus (Simon, 1929) -- see Canariphantes

In synonymy:

Bolyphantes affinis (Westring, 1861, T from Linyphia) = Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) (Simon, 1884a: 213)

Bolyphantes alpestris C. L. Koch, 1837 = Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) (Thorell, 1870a: 63, sub Linyphia)

Bolyphantes luteolus subnigripes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879) = Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) (Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 117)

Bolyphantes palaeformis (Tanasevitch, 1989, T from Lepthyphantes = Bolyphantes bipartitus (Tanasevitch, 1989) (Tanasevitch, 2010e: 276)

Bolyphantes stramineus C. L. Koch, 1841 = Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) (Thorell, 1870a: 59, sub Linyphia)

Bolyphantes aculeatus Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2025 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:063549

Bolyphantes aculeatus Irfan, Zhang & Peng in Irfan et al., 2025a: 25, f. 25A-E, 26A-D, 27A-C, 28A-F (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) | | Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009620

Linyphia alticeps Sundevall, 1833a: 261 (Dj) Original description

Bolyphantes stramineus C. L. Koch, 1841a: 71, f. 643 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064104]

Linyphia alticeps Westring, 1861: 117 (Dmf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Menge, 1866: 134, pl. 25, f. 55 (mf)

Linyphia alticeps Thorell, 1870a: 59 (S of Bolyphantes stramineus)

Bolyphantes alticeps Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 52, pl. 2, f. 18 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Bösenberg, 1901: 63, pl. 5, f. 62 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Simon, 1929: 568, 727, f. 837-839 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Locket & Millidge, 1953: 378, f. 225D-F (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Wiehle, 1956: 152, f. 257-262 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Azheganova, 1968: 61, f. 119, 128-129 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Tystshenko, 1971: 231, f. 744-747 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Miller, 1971: 234, pl. XLVI, f. 9-11 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Roberts, 1974: 29, f. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Palmgren, 1975: 42, f. 9.11-13 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Roberts, 1987: 147, f. 75b, d, 76b (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Izmailova, 1989: 68, f. 47 (m)

Bolyphantes alticeps Chikuni, 1989b: 47, f. 8 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Tanasevitch, 1990: 87, f. 13.10-12, 14.24-25 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 122, f. 346 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Roberts, 1995: 356, f. (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Tao, Li & Zhu, 1995: 243, f. 11-20 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Mcheidze, 1997: 303, f. 705-707 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Roberts, 1998: 368, f. (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 160, f. 88A-D (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 6, f. 3-18, 73, 83-86, 95 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Ono, Matsuda & Saito, 2009: 320, f. 970-976 (mf)

Bolyphantes alticeps Karabulut & Türkes, 2011: 119, f. 2-3 (f)

Bolyphantes alticeps Déjean & Danflous, 2016: 18, f. 5A, 7B,E (mf)

Bolyphantes arcuatus Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2025 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:063550

Bolyphantes arcuatus Irfan, Zhang & Peng in Irfan et al., 2025a: 28, f. 29A-D, 30A-D, 31A-C, 32A-F (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes bipartitus (Tanasevitch, 1989) | | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011108

Lepthyphantes bipartitus Tanasevitch, 1989a: 98, f. 31-32 (Dm) Original description

Lepthyphantes palaeformis Tanasevitch, 1989a: 106, f. 61-64 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011266]

Bolyphantes bipartitus Tanasevitch, 2010e: 276 (T from Lepthyphantes, S of Lepthyphantes palaeformis)

Poeciloneta bipartita Breitling, 2019b: 29 (T from Bolyphantes, not accepted here as based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7)

Bolyphantes bipartitus Tanasevitch, 2025f: 411, f. 1, 13-15, 19-21 (mf)

Bolyphantes distichoides Tanasevitch, 2000 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009621

Bolyphantes distichoides Tanasevitch, 2000b: 249, f. 24-27 (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes distichoides Tanasevitch, 2013c: 273, f. 33-34 (f)

Bolyphantes distichus (Tanasevitch, 1986) | | Russia (West to South Siberia), Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009622

Lepthyphantes distichus Tanasevitch, 1986: 163, f. 89-94 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes distichus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 256, f. 6 (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Bolyphantes distichus Tanasevitch, 2013c: 272, f. 28-32, 35 (mf)

Bolyphantes elburzensis Tanasevitch, 2009 | | Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042909

Bolyphantes elburzensis Tanasevitch, 2009a: 387, f. 17-26 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes gladius Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2025 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:063551

Bolyphantes gladius Irfan, Zhang & Peng in Irfan et al., 2025a: 31, f. 33A-D, 34A-D, 35A-C (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes gromovi Tanasevitch, 2025 | | Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066055

Bolyphantes gromovi Tanasevitch, 2025f: 411, f. 2-12, 16-18 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes kilpisjaerviensis Palmgren, 1975 | | Finland urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009623

Bolyphantes kilpisjaerviensis Palmgren, 1975: 44, f. 9.25-29 (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes kilpisjaerviensis van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 8 (may be just a teratological specimen)

Bolyphantes kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1936) | | France, Switzerland, Italy, Balkans urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011201

Lepthyphantes kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1936c: 349 (Dj) Original description

Bolyphantes kolosvaryi van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 8, f. 37-47, 74 (Dmf, T from Lepthyphantes)

Bolyphantes kolosvaryi Déjean & Danflous, 2016: 18, f. 5C, 6, 7A,D (mf)

Bolyphantes lagodekhensis (Tanasevitch, 1990) | | Georgia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011207

Lepthyphantes lagodekhensis Tanasevitch, 1990: 23, f. 9.5-6 (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes lagodekhensis Otto & Tanasevitch, 2010: 203, f. 1-7 (Dm, f, T from Lepthyphantes)

Bolyphantes lagodekhensis Otto & Tanasevitch, 2015: 110, f. 12-13 (f)

Bolyphantes lamellaris Tanasevitch, 1990 | | Italy, Greece, Russia (Caucasus) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009624

Bolyphantes lamellaris Tanasevitch, 1990: 11, f. 3.1-5 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes lamellaris van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 9, f. 2, 48-57 (mf)

Bolyphantes lishadiensis Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057051

Bolyphantes lishadiensis Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022: 51, f. 42A-D, 43A-B (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes lushuiensis Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057052

Bolyphantes lushuiensis Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022: 51, f. 44A-D, 45A-B (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) | | Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009625 TYPE SPECIES

Linyphia luteola Blackwall, 1833: 192 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes alpestris C. L. Koch, 1837b: 9 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064105]

Bolyphantes alpestris C. L. Koch, 1841a: 69, f. 642 (Dmf)

Linyphia affinis Westring, 1861: 595 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064106]

Linyphia alticeps Blackwall, 1864a: 226, pl. 16, f. 149 (mf; misidentified per Thorell, 1870a: 63)

Bolyphantes stramineus Menge, 1866: 136, pl. 25, f. 56 (mf; misidentified per Thorell, 1870a: 63)

Linyphia luteolus Thorell, 1870a: 63 (S of Bolyphantes alpestris)

Linyphia subnigripes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879d: 204 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:064103]

Bolyphantes luteolus Simon, 1884a: 213 (S of Linyphia affinis)

Lepthyphantes subnigripes Simon, 1884a: 330

Bolyphantes luteolus Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 52, pl. 2, f. 19 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Bösenberg, 1901: 62, pl. 5, f. 61 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Simon, 1929: 569, 727, f. 840 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 376, f. 225A-C (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus subnigripes Locket & Millidge, 1953: 377 (downgraded to subspecies)

Bolyphantes luteolus Wiehle, 1956: 155, f. 263-267 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Merrett, 1963b: 362, f. 16A-G (m)

Bolyphantes luteolus Tystshenko, 1971: 231, f. 629, 748 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Miller, 1971: 235, pl. XLVI, f. 12-13 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 117 (S of Bolyphantes luteolus subnigripes)

Bolyphantes luteolus Roberts, 1974: 29, f. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Palmgren, 1975: 42, f. 9.14-19 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Roberts, 1987: 147, f. 75a, c, 76a (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Hu & Wu, 1989: 145, f. 117.1-6 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 122, f. 347 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Hormiga, 1994b: 4, f. 12A-C (m)

Bolyphantes luteolus Roberts, 1995: 355, f. (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Tao, Li & Zhu, 1995: 244, f. 24-31 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Roberts, 1998: 367, f. (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 160, f. 88G-J (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 257, f. 1-2, 5 (m, S of Bolyphantes nigropictus, revalidated by van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 11)

Bolyphantes luteolus Hormiga, 2000: 78, pl. 1A-F, 2A-D (m)

Bolyphantes luteolus van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 10, f. 1, 58-72, 87-90, 96 (mf)

Bolyphantes luteolus Dupérré, 2013: 7, f. 58 (m)

Bolyphantes luteolus Déjean & Danflous, 2016: 18, f. 5B, 7C,F (mf)

Bolyphantes mongolicus Loksa, 1965 | | Mongolia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009626

Bolyphantes mongolicus Loksa, 1965: 10, f. 17-19 (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes mongolicus Wunderlich, 1995e: 485, f. 23-24 (Dm)

Bolyphantes nigropictus Simon, 1884 | | Western Mediterranean urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:037563

Bolyphantes nigropictus Simon, 1884a: 214 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes nigropictus Simon, 1929: 569, 570, 727, f. 842, 846 (mf)

Bolyphantes nigropictus van Helsdingen, Thaler & Deltshev, 2001: 11, f. 75-82, 91-94, 97-98 (mf, removed from S of Bolyphantes luteolus, rejecting Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 257)

Bolyphantes nigropictus Bosmans, 2006a: 126, f. 5-8 (mf)

Bolyphantes nigropictus Déjean & Danflous, 2016: 18, f. 5D (m)

Bolyphantes punctulatus (Holm, 1939) | | Scandinavia, Russia (Urals, north-eastern Siberia to Far East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009627

Lepthyphantes punctulatus Holm, 1939b: 14, f. 7a-b (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes punctulatus Holm, 1945b: 57, f. 17a-b (f)

Lepthyphantes punctulatus Kleemola, 1961: 133, f. 10 (f)

Lepthyphantes punctulatus Palmgren, 1975: 56, f. 12.1-2 (mf)

Bolyphantes punctulatus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 256 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Bolyphantes punctulatus Fomichev, 2015b: 66, f. 7-9 (f)

Bolyphantes sacer (Tanasevitch, 1986) | | Kyrgyzstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009628

Lepthyphantes sacer Tanasevitch, 1986: 156, f. 66-71 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes sacer Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 256 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Bolyphantes severtzovi Tanasevitch, 1989 | | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:009629

Bolyphantes severtzovi Tanasevitch, 1989a: 95, f. 26-28 (Df) Original description

Bolyphantes subtiliseta Tanasevitch, 2019 | | France (Corsica) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:051053

Bolyphantes subtiliseta Tanasevitch, 2019e: 44, f. 1-9 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes supremus (Tanasevitch, 1986) | | Kyrgyzstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011314

Lepthyphantes supremus Tanasevitch, 1986: 152, f. 50-54 (Dmf) Original description

Bolyphantes supremus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2004: 127, f. 35-37 (m, T from Lepthyphantes)