World Spider Catalog

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on relationships, see Michalik & Hormiga, 2010: 7; re-synonymization of Pimoidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; Sinopimoidae Li & Wunderlich, 2008 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0112] synonymyized with Linyphiidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 245; resurrection of Sinopimoidae by Wunderlich, 2020b: 20 is not accepted here, because Dimitrov et al., 2017 was not taken into account; re-elevation of Sinopimoidae to family level by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 343 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); the current status of Sinopimoidae is also maintained for reasons of stability and we wait for a probable confirmation or rejection of this resurrection; Tian et al., 2022 show five subfamilies: Linyphiinae (incl. Mynogleninae Lehtinen, 1967: 250 and Dubiaraneinae Millidge, 1993c: 145), Erigoninae Emerton, 1882: 7, Micronetinae Hull, 1920a: 8, Ipainae Saaristo, 2007b: 34 and Stemonyphantinae Wunderlich, 1986: 120; da Silva-Moreira, Kulkarni & Hormiga, 2025: 60-62 list resp. newly circumscribe six subfamilies: Erigoninae, Lepthyphantinae Simon, 1929: 562, Linyphiinae (syn. nov.: Dubiaraneinae), Mynogleninae, Pocobletinae Silva-Moreira & Hormiga, 2025: 61 (new subfamily) and Stemonyphantinae, state Ipainae and Micronetinae to be polyphyletic, leave several linyphiid clades unranked and also several genera as incertae sedis.

Gen. Incestophantes Tanasevitch, 1992 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01029

type Linyphia incesta L. Koch, 1879; gender masculine

Transferred to other genera:

Incestophantes bellona (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943) -- see Poeciloneta

Incestophantes bonneti (Schenkel, 1963) -- see Tchatkalophantes

Incestophantes calcaratus (Emerton, 1909) -- see Poeciloneta

In synonymy:

Incestophantes affinitatus (Strand, 1901, T from Bolyphantes) = Incestophantes kochiellus (Strand, 1900) (Holm, 1944: 122, sub Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes annulatus rhaeticus (Lessert, 1905) = Incestophantes kotulai (Kulczyński, 1905) (Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 112, sub Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes australis Gnelitsa, 2009 = Incestophantes crucifer (Menge, 1866) (Seyfulina, 2019: 455)

Incestophantes obtusus Tanasevitch, 1996 = Incestophantes kochiellus (Strand, 1900) (Tanasevitch, 2008a: 124)

Incestophantes pollicaris (Zorsch, 1937, T from Lepthyphantes) = Incestophantes lamprus (Chamberlin, 1920) (Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 264)

Incestophantes spatulifer (Chamberlin, 1928, T from Bathyphantes) = Incestophantes lamprus (Chamberlin, 1920) (Ivie, 1969: 7, sub Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes triramus (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947) = Incestophantes duplicatus (Emerton, 1913) (Aitchison-Benell & Dondale, 1990: 220, sub Lepthyphantes)

Homonyms replaced:

Incestophantes albulus (L. Koch, 1879) -- see Incestophantes kochiellus Strand, 1900 Strand, 1900a

Incestophantes complicatus (Jackson, 1933) -- see Incestophantes washingtoni Zorsch, 1937 Zorsch, 1937

Incestophantes altaicus Tanasevitch, 2000 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010906

Incestophantes altaicus Tanasevitch, 2000b: 245, f. 6-17 (Dm) Original description

Incestophantes amotus (Tanasevitch, 1990) | | Russia (Caucasus to Central Asia), Georgia, Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010907

Lepthyphantes amotus Tanasevitch, 1990: 17, f. 5.1-7 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes amotus Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Lepthyphantes amotus Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 117, f. 9, 14 (m)

Incestophantes ancus Tanasevitch, 1996 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010908

Incestophantes ancus Tanasevitch, 1996a: 120, f. 21-22 (Dm) Original description

Incestophantes annulatus (Kulczyński, 1882) | | Central and Eastern Europe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010909

Linyphia annulata Kulczyński, 1882a: 15 (Dm) Original description

Linyphia annulata Kulczyński, 1882b: 2, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dm)

Lephthyphantes annulatus Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 67 (Df)

Lepthyphantes annulatus Bösenberg, 1901: 78, pl. 6, f. 86 (mf)

Lepthyphantes annulatus Kulczyński, 1905a: 538, pl. 14, f. 4 (m)

Lepthyphantes annulatus Miller, 1971: 232, pl. XLVI, f. 5-6 (mf)

Lepthyphantes annulatus Wunderlich, 1972b: 298 (S of Lepthyphantes kotulai, revalidated by Bosmans, in Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 182)

Lepthyphantes annulatus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 182, f. 496 (mf)

Lepthyphantes annulatus Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 117, f. 11, 13, 29 (mf)

Incestophantes annulatus Tanasevitch, 1996a: 121 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes bonus Tanasevitch, 1996 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010911

Incestophantes bonus Tanasevitch, 1996a: 113, f. 1-4 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes brevilamellus Tanasevitch, 2013 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046229

Incestophantes brevilamellus Tanasevitch, 2013c: 286, f. 86-89 (Dm) Original description

Incestophantes camtchadalicus (Tanasevitch, 1988) | | Russia (Kamchatka) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010913

Lepthyphantes camtchadalicus Tanasevitch, 1988b: 189, f. 21-26 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes camtchadalicus Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes crucifer (Menge, 1866) | | Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010914

Bathyphantes crucifer Menge, 1866: 115, pl. 20, f. 41 (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes crucifer Simon, 1884a: 269, f. 18-19 (mf)

Lephthyphantes crucifer Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 68, pl. 2, f. 33 (mf)

Lepthyphantes crucifer Bösenberg, 1901: 76, pl. 6, f. 80 (mf)

Bolyphantes crucifer Simon, 1929: 569, 570, 727, f. 841, 845 (mf)

Bolyphantes crucifer Wiehle, 1956: 158, f. 268-272 (mf)

Bolyphantes crucifer Miller, 1971: 224, pl. XLIII, f. 7-8 (mf)

Bolyphantes crucifer Palmgren, 1975: 43, f. 9.23-24 (mf)

Bolyphantes crucifer Utochkin & Pakhorukov, 1976: 79, f. 2 (f)

Bolyphantes crucifer Pichka, 1983: 3, f. 2 (f)

Bolyphantes crucifer Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 122, f. 348 (mf)

Lepthyphantes crucifer Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 121, f. 30-39 (mf, T from Bolyphantes)

Incestophantes crucifer Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 257 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes australis Gnelitsa, 2009b: 310, f. 2a-c, 3a-d, 4a-d (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042539]

Incestophantes crucifer Gnelitsa, 2009b: 315, f. 2d-f, 3e-h (mf)

Incestophantes crucifer Seyfulina, 2019: 455, f. 2-4 (mf, S of Incestophantes australis)

Incestophantes cymbialis (Tanasevitch, 1988) | | Russia (Far East, East Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010915

Lepthyphantes cymbialis Tanasevitch, 1988a: 335, f. 1-6 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes cymbialis Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes duplicatus (Emerton, 1913) | | Alaska, Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010916

Bathyphantes duplicatus Emerton, 1913a: 217, pl. 2, f. 6b (Dm, in part) Original description

Lepthyphantes duplicatus Zorsch, 1937: 879

Lepthyphantes triramus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 57, f. 73 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059216]

Lepthyphantes triramus Hackman, 1954: 11, f. 1-3 (f)

Lepthyphantes duplicatus Aitchison-Benell & Dondale, 1990: 220 (S of Lepthyphantes triramus)

Incestophantes triramus Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes, sub previously synonymized name)

Incestophantes duplicatus Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 139, f. 1538-1540 (mf)

Incestophantes frigidus (Simon, 1884) | | Alps (France, Italy, Switzerland) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010917

Lepthyphantes frigidus Simon, 1884a: 295, f. 55 (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes frigidus Kulczyński, 1905a: 538, pl. 14, f. 5-6, 13-14 (mf)

Lepthyphantes frigidus Simon, 1929: 581, 586, 731, f. 874, 884 (mf)

Lepthyphantes frigidus Tanasevitch, 1990: 18, f. 5.8 (m)

Lepthyphantes frigidus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 182, f. 494.1-2 (m, f see Incestophantes kotulai)

Lepthphantes kotulai Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 182, f. 495.3 (f; misidentified per Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 114)

Incestophantes frigidus Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Lepthyphantes frigidus Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 119, f. 10, 12, 21-22, 27-28 (mf)

Incestophantes incestoides (Tanasevitch & Eskov, 1987) | | Russia (Urals to Far East/East Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010918

Lepthyphantes incestoides Tanasevitch & Eskov, 1987: 188, pl. 3, f. 1-6 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes incestoides Tanasevitch, 1992: 45, f. 4b (f, T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes incestus (L. Koch, 1879) | | Russia (Urals to Central/South Siberia), Mongolia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010919 TYPE SPECIES

Linyphia incesta L. Koch, 1879c: 17, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Lepthyphantes incestus Kulczyński, 1916: 21, pl. 1, f. 26-28 (f)

Lepthyphantes incestus Holm, 1973: 93, f. 65-67 (f)

Lepthyphantes incestus Tanasevitch & Eskov, 1987: 190, pl. 4, f. 1-5 (f, Dm)

Lepthyphantes incestus Izmailova, 1989: 71, f. 50 (f)

Incestophantes incestus Tanasevitch, 1992: 45, f. 4a (f, T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes khakassicus Tanasevitch, 1996 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010920

Incestophantes khakassicus Tanasevitch, 1996a: 115, f. 9-11 (Dm) Original description

Incestophantes kochiellus (Strand, 1900) | | Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia (Europe to East Siberia/Far East), China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010921

Linyphia albula L. Koch, 1879c: 15, pl. 1, f. 4 (Dmf; preoccupied by O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861, see Neriene peltata) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059217]

Linyphia kochiellus Strand, 1900a: 102 (replacement name) Original description

Bolyphantes affinitatus Strand, 1901b: 5, f. 4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059212]

Lepthyphantes albulus Kulczyński, 1916: 19, pl. 1, f. 32-33 (f)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Holm, 1944: 122, f. 1a-c (mf, S of Bolyphantes affinitatus)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Holm, 1973: 93, f. 68-70 (mf)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Palmgren, 1975: 57, f. 11.5-8 (mf)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Pakhorukov & Utochkin, 1977b: 909, f. 10-11 (f)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Pakhorukov, 1981: 77, f. 20 (m)

Incestophantes kochiellus Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 120, f. 18-20, 23-26 (mf)

Lepthyphantes kochiellus Tao, Li & Zhu, 1995: 249, f. 121-126 (mf)

Incestophantes obtusus Tanasevitch, 1996a: 119, f. 17, 19 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010927]

Incestophantes kochiellus Tanasevitch, 1996a: 120, f. 18, 20 (m)

Incestophantes kochiellus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 171, f. 100A-C (mf)

Incestophantes kochiellus Tanasevitch, 2008a: 124 (S of Incestophantes obtusus)

Incestophantes kotulai (Kulczyński, 1905) | | Europe (Alps) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010922

Lepthyphantes kotulai Kulczyński, 1905a: 536, pl. 14, f. 9-10 (Df) Original description

Lepthyphantes annulatus rhätica Lessert, 1905b: 635, f. 6-7 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059213]

Lepthyphantes annulatus rhätica Lessert, 1910b: 248, f. 138-139 (m)

Lepthyphantes kotulai Schenkel, 1947: 3, f. 1 (Dm)

Lepthyphantes kotulai Palmgren, 1973: 31, f. 2 (mf)

Lepthyphantes kotulai Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 182, f. 495.1 (m, f see Incestophantes frigidus; removed from S of Lepthyphantes annulatus, contra Wunderlich, 1972b: 298)

Lepthyphantes frigidus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 182, f. 494.3 (f, misidentified per Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 114)

Lepthyphantes kotulai Thaler, van Helsdingen & Deltshev, 1994: 112, f. 1-8, 15-17 (mf, S of Lepthyphantes annulatus rhaeticus)

Incestophantes kotulai Tanasevitch, 1996a: 121 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes lamprus (Chamberlin, 1920) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010923

Lepthyphantes lamprus Chamberlin, 1920a: 195, f. 20.1-2 (Df) Original description

Bathyphantes spatulifer Chamberlin, 1928a: 93 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059215]

Lepthyphantes pollicaris Zorsch, 1937: 897, pl. 6, f. 91-93 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059214]

Lepthyphantes pollicaris Levi & Levi, 1955: 33, f. 8 (Df)

Lepthyphantes lamprus Ivie, 1969: 8 (S of Bathyphantes spatulifer)

Incestophantes lamprus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 264 (T from Lepthyphantes, S of Lepthyphantes pollicaris)

Incestophantes laricetorum (Tanasevitch & Eskov, 1987) | | Russia (Europe to East Siberia/Far East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010924

Lepthyphantes laricetorum Tanasevitch & Eskov, 1987: 187, pl. 2, f. 1-5 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes laricetorum Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 264 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes logunovi Tanasevitch, 1996 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010925

Incestophantes logunovi Tanasevitch, 1996a: 115, f. 5-8 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes mercedes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943) | | Alaska, Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010926

Lepthyphantes mercedes Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943: 15, f. 21-22 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes mercedes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000: 264 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes shetekaurii Otto & Tanasevitch, 2015 | | Georgia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047561

Incestophantes shetekaurii Otto & Tanasevitch, 2015: 107, f. 1-11 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes tuvensis Tanasevitch, 1996 | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010928

Incestophantes tuvensis Tanasevitch, 1996a: 117, f. 12-16 (Dmf) Original description

Incestophantes washingtoni (Zorsch, 1937) | | Alaska, Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010929

Bathyphantes duplicatus Emerton, 1913a: 217, pl. 2, f. 6c (m; misidentified per Zorsch, 1937: 877)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Jackson, 1933: 154, pl. 1, f. 6-10 (Dmf; preoccupied in Lepthyphantes by Emerton, 1882, see Improphantes complicatus) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059218]

Lepthyphantes washingtoni Zorsch, 1937: 877, pl. 4, f. 49-52 (mf, replacement name) Original description

Incestophantes washingtoni Tanasevitch, 1992: 45 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Incestophantes washingtoni Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 139, f. 1541-1543 (mf)