World Spider Catalog

Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.

Gen. Trachyzelotes Lohmander, 1944 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02490

N.B.: described as a subgenus of Zelotes Gistel, 1848 and elevated to genus by Platnick & Murphy, 1984: 3.

Transferred to other genera:

Trachyzelotes acanthognatha (Purcell, 1907) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes adriaticus (Caporiacco, 1951) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes agilis (Bryant, 1936) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes ansimensis Seo, 2002 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes baiyuensis Xu, 1991 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes barbaranus (Chamberlin, 1922) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes barbatus (L. Koch, 1866) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes bardiae (Caporiacco, 1928) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes brasilianus (Keyserling, 1891) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes chamberlini (Roewer, 1951) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes chohanius (Patel & Patel, 1975) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes chybyndensis Tuneva & Esyunin, 2002 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes costatus (Denis, 1952) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes cumensis (Ponomarev, 1979) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes errans (Benoit, 1977) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes foveolatus (Simon, 1880) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes fuscipes (L. Koch, 1866) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes glossus (Strand, 1915) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes holosericeus (Simon, 1878) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes huberti Platnick & Murphy, 1984 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes indraprastha (Tikader & Gajbe, 1975) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes insipiens (Simon, 1885) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes iugans (Chamberlin, 1922) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes jaxartensis (Kroneberg, 1875) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösenberg, 1902) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes lyonneti (Audouin, 1826) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes malkini Platnick & Murphy, 1984 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes manytchensis Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes microbarbatus (Marinaro, 1968) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes miniglossus Levy, 2009 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes minutus Crespo, 2010 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes mutabilis (Simon, 1878) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes peninsulanus (Banks, 1898) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes philippsoni (Denis, 1956) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes postrema (Tucker, 1923) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes ravidus (L. Koch, 1875) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes rubicundulus (Simon, 1878) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes samoensis (Berland, 1934) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes semibadius (L. Koch, 1878) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes solaster (Chamberlin, 1937) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes sorex (Denis, 1945) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes spinibarbis (Simon, 1897) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes stubbsi Platnick & Murphy, 1984 -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes ursinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes zagistus (Ponomarev, 1981) -- see Marinarozelotes

Trachyzelotes pedestris (C. L. Koch, 1837) | | Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:028035

Melanophora pedestris C. L. Koch, 1837b: 17 (D) Original description

Melanophora pedestris C. L. Koch, 1839a: 82, f. 489 (Dm)

Drassus pedestris Blackwall, 1861a: 442 (Df)

Drassus pedestris O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861b: 7558

Melanophora pedestris L. Koch, 1866: 178, pl. 7, f. 115-116 (f)

Melanophora pedestris Menge, 1872: 312, pl. 56, f. 180 (mf)

Prosthesima pedestris Simon, 1878a: 50

Prosthesima pedestris Becker, 1896: 242, pl. 16, f. 3 (mf)

Prosthesima pedestris Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 208, pl. 7, f. 47, 49 (mf)

Prosthesima pedestris Bösenberg, 1902: 310, pl. 29, f. 453 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Simon, 1914: 152, 213, f. 279 (f)

Zelotes pedestris Reimoser, 1937a: 31, f. 56, 73 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Tullgren, 1946: 118, f. 34A, pl. 19, f. 246-248 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Locket & Millidge, 1951: 107, f. 56A-B, G (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Jézéquel, 1962a: 521, f. 1 (f)

Zelotes pedestris Brændegaard, 1966: 111, f. 94-95 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Miller, 1967: 271, pl. III, f. 16, pl. VI, f. 6 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Miller, 1971: 85, pl. VII, f. 22-23 (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Platnick & Murphy, 1984: 4, f. 3-6 (mf, T from Zelotes)

Zelotes pedestris Grimm, 1985: 212, f. 4, 223-226 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Roberts, 1985: 72, f. 26a (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 440, f. 1158 (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Noordam, 1992: 9 (f)

Zelotes pedestris Roberts, 1995: 110, f. (mf)

Zelotes pedestris Roberts, 1998: 114, f. (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Levy, 1998c: 102, f. 15-18 (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Senglet, 2004: 99, f. 41, 43-44 (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Kovblyuk, 2004b: 140, f. 1-4 (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Almquist, 2006: 421, f. 363a-i (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Murphy, 2007: 37, f. 190-191 (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Zamani et al., 2016: 107, f. 21-24 (mf)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 609, f. 22g, 23e, S7f (m)

Trachyzelotes pedestris Ponomarev & Shmatko, 2020a: 127, f. 1-2, 21-22, 31-34, 47, 51, 54-56 (mf)