Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.

In synonymy:

Crosbyellum Strand, 1934 = Minosia Dalmas, 1921 (Bonnet, 1956: 1249)

Gen. Minosia Dalmas, 1921 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02452
N.B.: objective senior synonym of Crosbyellum Strand, 1934: 272 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05727] (type Pythonissa spinosissima Simon, 1878), replacement name for Minosia, erroneously thought preoccupied by Minosia Dunker, 1882, which is merely a lapsus for Minolia Adams, 1860 in Gastropoda (Bonnet, 1956: 1249).

Transferred to other genera:

Minosia cretica Roewer, 1928 -- see Callilepis

Nomen dubium:

Minosia jaffana (Strand, 1915c: 144, j, Israel, originally in Callilepis) -- Levy, 1995: 945

Minosia assimilis Caporiacco, 1941 | | Ethiopia, Uganda urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027589
Minosia assimilis Caporiacco, 1941b: 96, f. 35 (Dm) Original description
Minosia assimilis Murphy, 2007: 32, f. 114-115 (m, f. f)
Minosia berlandi Lessert, 1929 | | Congo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027590
Minosia berlandi Lessert, 1929: 107, f. 4 (Dmf) Original description
Minosia bicalcarata (Simon, 1882) | | Yemen urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027591
Pythonissa bicalcarata Simon, 1882b: 235, pl. 8, f. 7 (Dm) Original description
Minosia bicalcarata Dalmas, 1921: 309, f. 112 (m)
Minosia clypeolaria (Simon, 1907) | | Guinea-Bissau urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027592
Pterotricha clypeolaria Simon, 1907d: 239 (Dm) Original description
Minosia clypeolaria Dalmas, 1921: 306, f. 109-110 (m)
Minosia eburneensis Jézéquel, 1965 | | Ivory Coast urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027593
Minosia eburneensis Jézéquel, 1965: 306, f. 17-18 (Dmf) Original description
Minosia irrugata (Simon, 1907) | | Guinea-Bissau urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027594
Pterotricha irrugata Simon, 1907d: 240 (Dm) Original description
Minosia irrugata Dalmas, 1921: 305
Minosia karakumensis (Spassky, 1939) | | Turkmenistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027595
Pterotricha karakumensis Spassky, 1939a: 142, f. 5 (Df) Original description
Minosia karakumensis Ovtsharenko & Fet, 1980: 446 (Tf from Pterotricha)
Minosia lynx (Simon, 1886) | | Senegal urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027596
Pythonissa lynx Simon, 1886g: 384 (Df) Original description
Pterotricha lynx Simon, 1907d: 240
Minosia lynx Dalmas, 1921: 306, f. 103 (f)
Minosia pharao Dalmas, 1921 | | Egypt, Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027597
Minosia pharao Dalmas, 1921: 303, f. 102, 107-108 (Dmf) Original description
Minosia pharao Levy, 1995: 926, f. 14-17 (mf)
Minosia pharao occidentalis Dalmas, 1921 | | Algeria urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027598
Minosia pharao occidentalis Dalmas, 1921: 304 (Df) Original description
Minosia santschii Dalmas, 1921 | | Tunisia, Libya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027599
Minosia santschii Dalmas, 1921: 302, f. 101, 105-106 (Dmf) Original description
Minosia senegaliensis Dalmas, 1921 | | Senegal urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027600
Minosia senegaliensis Dalmas, 1921: 307, f. 104, 111 (Dmf) Original description
Minosia simeonica Levy, 1995 | | Israel, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027601
Minosia simeonica Levy, 1995: 924, f. 9-13 (Dmf) Original description
Minosia simeonica Sadeghi et al., 2016: 6, f. 4b, 5a-b (f)
Minosia spinosissima (Simon, 1878) | | Spain, France, Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027602
Pythonissa spinosissima Simon, 1878a: 202 (Df) Original description
Pterotricha spinosissima Simon, 1914: 191, 222, f. 411-412 (f, Dm)
Minosia spinosissima Dalmas, 1921: 301, f. 100 (f)
Crosbyellum spinosissimum Strand, 1934: 272 (superfluous generic replacement name)
Minosia spinosissima Levy, 1995: 922, f. 3-8 (f, Dm)
Minosia spinosissima Wunderlich, 2011: 39, f. 57-58 (mf)

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