Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.
Gen. Aphantaulax Simon, 1878 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02394

Transferred to other genera:

Aphantaulax corvina (Simon, 1878) -- see Micaria

Aphantaulax rufa Savelyeva, 1972 -- see Haplodrassus

Aphantaulax troxochroides Strand, 1915 -- see Micaria

In synonymy:

Aphantaulax bimaculata (C. L. Koch, 1837, T from Zelotes) = Aphantaulax trifasciata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Bosmans & Chatzaki, 2005: 78)

Aphantaulax hungarica (Kolosváry, 1934, T from Poecilochroa) = Aphantaulax trifasciata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Breitling et al., 2016b: 61)

Aphantaulax seminigra Simon, 1878 = Aphantaulax trifasciata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Levy, 2002: 131)

Aphantaulax albini (Audouin, 1826) | | Tunisia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Syria urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026608
Clubiona albini Audouin, 1826: 157, pl. 5, f. 8 (Df) Original description
Drassus clubionide Walckenaer, 1837: 626 (new name for Clubiona albini)
Macaria clubionoides Simon, 1864: 113
Aphantaulax albini Simon, 1878a: 36 (T from Drassus)
Aphantaulax australis Simon, 1893 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026609
Aphantaulax australis Simon, 1893e: 309 (Dm) Original description
Aphantaulax cincta (L. Koch, 1866) | | Europe, Turkey, Armenia, North Africa, Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026610
Micaria cincta L. Koch, 1866: 53, pl. 3, f. 36-38 (Dmf) Original description
Aphantaulax cinctus Simon, 1878a: 35
Aphantaulax cinctus Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 193, pl. 7, f. 33, 43 (mf)
Aphantaulax cincta Simon, 1914: 181, 220, f. 389-390 (mf)
Aphantaulax cincta Lessert, 1936: 218, f. 12 (f)
Aphantaulax cincta Miller, 1971: 81, pl. V, f. 24 (f)
Aphantaulax cincta Grimm, 1985: 102, f. 105-110 (mf)
Aphantaulax cincta Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 414, f. 1093 (mf)
Aphantaulax cincta Levy, 2002: 128, f. 45-49 (mf)
Aphantaulax cincta Trotta, 2005: 166, f. 295-296 (mf)
Aphantaulax cincta Öztürk et al., 2013: 70, f. 1-2 (f)
Aphantaulax cincta Zarikian, 2022a: 758, f. 1 (f)
Aphantaulax ensifera Simon, 1907 | | São Tomé and Príncipe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026612
Aphantaulax ensifera Simon, 1907d: 236 (Dm) Original description
Aphantaulax fasciata Kulczyński, 1911 | | Thailand, Indonesia (Java, Lombok) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026613
Aphantaulax fasciata Kulczyński, 1911b: 476, pl. 21, f. 18, 27 (Df) Original description
Aphantaulax fasciata Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001: 515, f. 875-880 (f)
Aphantaulax fasciata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2013a: 81, f. 1-2, 4-8, 11-12, 16-17 (f, Dm)
Aphantaulax flavida Caporiacco, 1940 | | Ethiopia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026614
Aphantaulax flavidus Caporiacco, 1940c: 834, f. 36 (Dmf) Original description
Aphantaulax inornata Tucker, 1923 | | Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026615
Aphantaulax inornata Tucker, 1923: 329, pl. 9, f. 50 (Dm) Original description
Aphantaulax inornata Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021B: 18, 4 f. (m)
Aphantaulax katangae (Giltay, 1935) | | Congo urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:028263
Zelotes katangae Giltay, 1935b: 14, f. 7-9 (Dm) Original description
Aphantaulax katangae FitzPatrick, 2007: 98 (Tm from Zelotes)
Aphantaulax rostrata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2013 | | Thailand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046328
Aphantaulax rostrata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2013a: 84, f. 3, 9-10, 13-15 (Dm) Original description
Aphantaulax scotophaea Simon, 1908 | | Australia (Western Australia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026616
Aphantaulax scotophaeus Simon, 1908d: 397 (Df) Original description
Aphantaulax signicollis Tucker, 1923 | | Zimbabwe, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026619
Aphantaulax signicollis Tucker, 1923: 329, pl. 10, f. 51 (Df) Original description
Aphantaulax signicollis Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021B: 19, 5 f. (f)
Aphantaulax stationis Tucker, 1923 | | Botswana, South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026620
Aphantaulax stationis Tucker, 1923: 330, pl. 9, f. 52 (Dmf) Original description
Aphantaulax stationis Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021B: 20, 3 f. (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | | Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Israel, Iran, China, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026621
Melanophora bimaculata C. L. Koch, 1837b: 17 (Df) (nomen oblitum) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:028137]
Melanophora bimaculata C. L. Koch, 1839a: 81, f. 488 (f)
Micaria albini L. Koch, 1866: 55, pl. 3, f. 39-41 (mf; misidentified per Grimm, 1985: 105)
Micaria trifasciata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 249, pl. 16, f. 31 (Df) Original description
Aphantaulax semi-niger Simon, 1878a: 34 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026617]
Aphantaulax trifasciatus Simon, 1878a: 36
Aphantaulax seminigra Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 194, pl. 7, f. 34, 36 (mf)
Prosthesima bimaculata Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 208
Aphantaulax seminigra Simon, 1914: 181, 220, f. 391-392 (mf)
Poecilochroa hungarica Kolosváry, 1934b: 15, f. 10 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027742]
Poecilochroa hungarica Kolosváry, 1935a: 139, f. 4 (f)
Aphantaulax cincta Jézéquel, 1965: 300, f. 11-12 (mf; misidentified per Grimm, 1985: 105)
Aphantaulax seminigra Miller, 1971: 81, pl. V, f. 22-23, 25 (mf; not f. 24, = A. cincta)
Aphantaulax seminigra Grimm, 1985: 105, f. 111-114 (mf)
Aphantaulax seminigra Hu & Wu, 1989: 249, f. 205.1-5 (mf)
Aphantaulax seminigra Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 414, f. 1094 (mf)
Aphantaulax seminiger Roberts, 1995: 117, f. (mf)
Aphantaulax seminiger Roberts, 1998: 124, f. (mf)
Poecilochroa hungarica Samu & Szinetár, 1999: 162 (nomen dubium)
Aphantaulax seminigra Kamura, 2000: 162, f. 7-9 (m)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Levy, 2002: 130, f. 50-59 (mf, S of Aphantaulax seminigra)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 24, f. 12A-E (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Tuneva, 2004: 327, f. 23-25 (f)
Aphantaulax seminigra Trotta, 2005: 166, f. 297-298 (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Bosmans & Chatzaki, 2005: 78 (S of Zelotes bimaculatus)
Aphantaulax seminigra Murphy, 2007: 46, f. 266-267 (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Kamura, 2009: 495, f. 174-177 (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Yin et al., 2012: 1155, f. 614a-g (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Breitling et al., 2016b: 61 (S of Poecilochroa hungarica)
Aphantaulax trifasciata Rehfeldt & Cassar, 2024: 23, f. 8a-d, 40c (mf)
Aphantaulax trifasciata trimaculata Simon, 1878 | | France urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026618
Aphantaulax trimaculatus Simon, 1878a: 36 (Dmf) Original description
Aphantaulax seminigra trimaculata Simon, 1914: 181, 220
Aphantaulax univittata Thorell, 1897 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026623
Aphantaulax uni-vittatus Thorell, 1897a: 222 (Dj) Original description
Aphantaulax univittatus Reimoser, 1925: 94 (Df)
Aphantaulax voiensis Berland, 1920 | | Ethiopia, Kenya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026624
Aphantaulax voiensis Berland, 1920c: 106, f. 123-124 (Df) Original description
Aphantaulax vojensis Caporiacco, 1940c: 834
Aphantaulax zonata Thorell, 1895 | j | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026625
Aphantaulax zonata Thorell, 1895b: 34 (Dj) Original description

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