References

Abalos, J. W. & Báez, E. C. (1963). On spermatic transmission in spiders. Psyche, Cambridge 70(4): 197-207. doi: 10.1155/1963/93732 -- Show included taxa

Abalos, J. W. (1967). La transferencia espermática en las arácnidos. Revistas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (2) 9: 251-278. -- Show included taxa

Abalos, J. W. & Báez, E. C. (1967a). Las arañas del genero Latrodectus en Santiago del Estero. Revistas de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba 27: 6-30. -- Show included taxa

Abalos, J. W. & Báez, E. C. (1967b). The spider genus Latrodectus in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. In: Animal Toxins. Pergamon Press Oxford, pp. 59-74. -- Show included taxa

Abalos, J. W. (1980). Las arañas del género Latrodectus en la Argentina. Obra del Centenário del Museu de La Plata 6: 29-51. -- Show included taxa

Abdel-Ghani, D. M., Hassan, M. F. & Sallam, G. M. E. (2023). Spiders as a bio-agent factor in a mango greenhouse at Giza Governorate, Egypt. Serket 20(1): 26-38. -- Show included taxa

Agnarsson, I. (2004). Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 447-626. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x -- Show included taxa

Agnarsson, I., Coddington, J. A. & Knoflach, B. (2007). Morphology and evolution of cobweb spider male genitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 35(2): 334-395. doi: 10.1636/SH-06-36.1 -- Show included taxa

Badcock, H. D. (1932). Reports of an expedition to Paraguay and Brazil in 1926–7, supported by the Trustees of the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund and the Executive Committee of the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Arachnida from the Paraguayan Chaco. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 38(257): 1-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1932.tb00987.x -- Show included taxa

Bayram, A., Danışman, T., Yiğit, N., Kunt, K. B. & Sancak, Z. (2008b). A brown widow spider new for the Turkish araneo-fauna: Latrodectus geometricus C.L.Koch, 1841 (Araneae, Theridiidae). Turkish Journal of Arachnology 1(1): 98-103. -- Show included taxa

Biasi, P. de (1962). Estrutura interna e presença de segmentos do êmbolo no epígino de Latrodectus geometricus (Araneida: Theridiidae). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paolo 15: 327-331. -- Show included taxa

Brazil, V. & Vellard, J. (1926). Contribuição ao estudo do veneno das aranhas (continuação) (segunda memoria) Lycosa raptoria–Ctenus nigriventer–genero Latrodectus–genero Grammostola–Lasiodora curtior e Acanthoscuria sternalis. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 3: 243-299, Pl. 12-22. -- Show included taxa

Cabrera-Espinosa, L. A. & Valdez-Mondragón, A. (2021). Distribución y modelaje de nicho ecológico, comentarios biogeográficos y taxonómicos del género de arañas Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 92(e923665): 1-20. doi: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3665 -- Show included taxa

Caporiacco, L. di (1949a). Aracnidi della colonia del Kenya raccolti da Toschi e Meneghetti negli anni 1944-1946. Commentationes Pontificia Academia Scientiarum 13: 309-492. -- Show included taxa

Carbonell, J. (1923a). Algunos datos sobre las arañas del género Latrodectus que se hallan en la Argentina. Physis 6: 350-353. -- Show included taxa

Cazanove, G. (2019). Premier signalement de Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae, Theridiidae) sur l’île de La Réunion (Océan Indien) avec quelques notes sur son élevage. Revue Arachnologique (2) 6: 10-15. -- Show included taxa

Chrysanthus, P. (1963). Spiders from south New Guinea V. Nova Guinea, Zoology 24: 727-750. -- Show included taxa

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021z). The Theridiidae of South Africa. Part 1 A-P. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 69 pp. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7515890 -- Show included taxa

Gerschman de P., B. S. & Schiapelli, R. D. (1965c). El género Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Theridiidae) en la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 27: 51-59. -- Show included taxa

Karsch, F. (1878b). Über einige von Herrn JM Hildebrandt im Zanzibargebiete erbeutete Arachniden. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 51: 311-322. -- Show included taxa

Keyserling, E. (1884a). Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg 1, 1-222. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.64832 -- Show included taxa

Knoflach, B. & Harten, A. van (2002). The genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) from mainland Yemen, the Socotra Archipelago and adjacent countries. Fauna of Arabia 19: 321-361. -- Show included taxa

Knoflach, B. & Pfaller, K. (2004). Kugelspinnen – eine Einführung (Araneae, Theridiidae). In: Thaler, K. (ed.) Diversität und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen und anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia 12: 111-160. -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1841a). Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, Achter Band, pp. 41-131, pl. 265-288 (f. 621-694); Neunter Band, pp. 1-56, pl. 289-306 (f. 695-726). doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.43744 [[for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b]] -- Show included taxa

Le Peru, B. (2011). The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 2: 1-522. -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1959c). The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 78(1): 7-43. doi: 10.2307/3223799 -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. & Levi, L. R. (1962). The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127(1): 1-71, pl. 1-14. -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1967c). Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175-186. -- Show included taxa

Levy, G. & Amitai, P. (1983). Revision of the widow-spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Israel. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 77(1): 39-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01720.x -- Show included taxa

Levy, G. (1998b). Araneae: Theridiidae. In: Fauna Palaestina, Arachnida III. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Jerusalem, 228 pp. -- Show included taxa

Lotz, L. N. (1994a). Revision of the genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 10: 1-60. -- Show included taxa

Lotz, L. N. (1994b). The button spiders of southern Africa (Latrodectus: Araneae: Theridiidae). Spider Club News 9(3): 9-16. -- Show included taxa

Müller, H.-G. (1985a). Abgebrochene Emboli in der Vulva der "Schwarzen Witwe" Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch 1841 (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 95: 27-30. -- Show included taxa

Muslimin, M., Wilson, J.-J., Ghazali, A. R. M., Braima, K. A., Jeffery, J., Wan-Nor, F., Alaa-Eldin, M. E., Mohd-Zin, S.-W., Wan-Yusoff, W. S., Norma-Rashid, Y., Lau, Y. L., Rohela, M. & Abdul-Aziz, N. M. (2015). First report of brown widow spider sightings in Peninsular Malaysia and notes on its globaldistribution. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 21(11): 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s40409-015-0010-2 -- Show included taxa

Petrunkevitch, A. (1930a). The spiders of Porto Rico. Part two. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 30: 159-356. -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London 2, 313-424. [[for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011]] -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902c). On the spiders of the genus Latrodectus, Walckenaer. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 72(I, 1): 247-261, pl. 26-27. -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1904b). Descriptions of some new species and characters of three new genera, of Araneidea from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 3: 143-165, pl. 9-12. -- Show included taxa

Rozwałka, R., Dawidowicz, A. & Wawer, W. (2017). Three alien spider species (Araneae: Theridiidae) newly found in Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica 60(1): 61-66. doi: 10.3161/00159301FF2017.60.1.061 -- Show included taxa

Saaristo, M. I. (2010). Araneae. In: Gerlach, J. & Marusik, Y. M. (eds.) Arachnida and Myriapoda of the Seychelles islands. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 8-306. -- Show included taxa

Satam, Y. (2015). Redescription of Latrodectus geometricus Koch, 1841 (Araneae: Therididae [sic]) with a new record of male from Mumbai (India). Indian Journal of Arachnology 4(2): 37-42. -- Show included taxa

Sentenská, L., Neumann, A., Lubin, Y. & Uhl, G. (2021). Functional morphology of immature mating in a widow spider. Frontiers in Zoology 18(19): 1-18. doi: 10.1186/s12983-021-00404-1 -- Show included taxa

Shukla, A. & Broome, V. G. (2007). First report of the brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae) from India. Current Science 93: 775-777. -- Show included taxa

Simó, M., Dias, M. F. R., Jorge, C., Castro, M., Dias, M. A. & Laborda, Á. (2013). Habitat, redescription and distribution of Latrodectus geometricus in Uruguay (Araneae: Theridiidae). Biota Neotropica 13: 371-375. doi: 10.1590/s1676-06032013000100040 -- Show included taxa

Smithers, R. H. N. (1944). Contributions to our knowledge of the genus Latrodectus (Araneae) in South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 36: 263-312. -- Show included taxa

Strand, E. (1908f). Arachniden aus Madagaskar, gesammelt von Herrn Walter Kaudern. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 26: 453-488. -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1875e). On some spiders from New-Caledonia, Madagascar and Réunion. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 43(2): 130-149, pl. 25. -- Show included taxa

Wang, L. Y. & Zhang, Z. S. (2019). [An invading "black widow" spider was discovered in China]. Acta Arachnologica Sinica 28(2): 124-127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2019.02.009 -- Show included taxa

Yoshida, H. (2003a). The spider family Theridiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Japan. Arachnological Society of Japan, 224 pp. -- Show included taxa

Yoshida, H. (2009b). Uloboridae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae. In: Ono, H. (ed.) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 142-147, 356-393, 467-468. -- Show included taxa

Zumpt, F. (1968). Latrodectism in South Africa. South African Medical Journal 42: 385-390. -- Show included taxa