World Spider Catalog

Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 (with the single genus Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886); Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimitidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards).

In synonymy:

Calydna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 = Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 (Simon, 1895a: 874)

Eurycorma Thorell, 1868 = Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 (Simon, 1895a: 874)

Eurysoma C. L. Koch, 1839 = Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 (Simon, 1895a: 874)

Hypophthalma Taczanowski, 1873 = Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 (Simon, 1895a: 874)

Mutina O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 = Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 (Simon, 1895a: 874)

Gen. Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01493

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Eurysoma C. L. Koch, 1839a: vol. 6: 117 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05528] (type Acrosoma scutatum Perty, 1833, preoccupied in Coleoptera by Gistl, 1829), of Eurycorma Thorell, 1868b: 4 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05529] (replacement name for Eurysoma), of Hypophthalma Taczanowski, 1873: 283 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04640] (type H. deplanata Taczanowski, 1873), of Calydna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874c: 174 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05530] (type C. prospiciens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 = Hypognatha scutata (Perty, 1833), preoccupied in Lepidoptera by Doubleday, 1847) and of Mutina O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876c: 231 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05531] (replacement name for Calydna) by Simon, 1895a: 874.

In synonymy:

Hypognatha coccinellina (Taczanowski, 1879) = Hypognatha scutata Perty, 1833 (Levi, 1996b: 105)

Hypognatha decora (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) = Hypognatha scutata Perty, 1833 (Levi, 1996b: 105)

Hypognatha geometrica (Taczanowski, 1879) = Hypognatha testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879 (Levi, 1996b: 109)

Hypognatha prospiciens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) = Hypognatha scutata Perty, 1833 (Levi, 1996b: 105)

Nomina dubia:

Hypognatha cruciata Tullgren, 1905: 36, pl. 5, f. 13 (j, Bolivia) -- Levi, 1996b: 105

Hypognatha squammosa (Simon, 1864: 293, f, Brazil, originally in Micrathena) -- Levi, 1996b: 105

Hypognatha alho Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016142

Hypognatha alho Levi, 1996b: 122, f. 175-178 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha belem Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016143

Hypognatha belem Levi, 1996b: 115, f. 131-133 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha belem Santos, 2002: 91, f. 1-4 (Dm)

Hypognatha cacau Levi, 1996 | | Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016144

Hypognatha cacau Levi, 1996b: 122, f. 179-182 (Dm) Original description

Hypognatha cambara Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016145

Hypognatha cambara Levi, 1996b: 114, f. 112-118 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha carpish Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016146

Hypognatha carpish Levi, 1996b: 110, f. 92-94 (Dm) Original description

Hypognatha colosso Levi, 1996 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016147

Hypognatha colosso Levi, 1996b: 126, f. 17-19, 216-224 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha coyo Levi, 1996 | | Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016148

Hypognatha coyo Levi, 1996b: 118, f. 162-164 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha cryptocephala Mello-Leitão, 1947 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016149

Hypognatha cryptocephala Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 246, f. 12 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha cryptocephala Levi, 1996b: 99, f. 2-16 (f, Dm)

Hypognatha cryptocephala Levi, 2002: 551, f. 217-219 (m)

Hypognatha deplanata (Taczanowski, 1873) | | Brazil, French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016150

Hypophthalma deplanata Taczanowski, 1873: 284, pl. 6, f. 32 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha deplanata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 350

Hypognatha deplanata Caporiacco, 1955: 359, f. 37a-b (Dm)

Hypognatha deplanata Levi, 1996b: 123, f. 196-207 (mf)

Hypognatha divuca Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016151

Hypognatha divuca Levi, 1996b: 122, f. 183-189 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha elaborata Chickering, 1953 | | Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016152

Hypognatha elaborata Chickering, 1953a: 2, f. 1-10 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha elaborata Levi, 1996b: 116, f. 138-153 (mf)

Hypognatha furcifera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016153

Mutina furcifera O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881d: 771, pl. 66, f. 4 (Dm) Original description

Hypognatha furcifera Simon, 1895a: 872, f. 936-937 (m)

Hypognatha furcifera Levi, 1996b: 126, f. 225-228 (m)

Hypognatha ica Levi, 1996 | | Colombia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016154

Hypognatha ica Levi, 1996b: 118, f. 154-161 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha ituara Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016155

Hypognatha ituara Levi, 1996b: 110, f. 88-91 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha jacaze Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016156

Hypognatha jacaze Levi, 1996b: 128, f. 233-236 (Dm) Original description

Hypognatha janauari Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016157

Hypognatha janauari Levi, 1996b: 116, f. 134-137 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha lagoas Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016158

Hypognatha lagoas Levi, 1996b: 100, f. 24-30 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha lamoka Levi, 1996 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016159

Hypognatha lamoka Levi, 1996b: 104, f. 38-44 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha maranon Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016160

Hypognatha maranon Levi, 1996b: 120, f. 165-167 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha maria Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016161

Hypognatha maria Levi, 1996b: 112, f. 103-105 (Dm) Original description

Hypognatha matisia Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016162

Hypognatha matisia Levi, 1996b: 114, f. 119-127 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha mirandaribeiroi Soares & Camargo, 1948 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016163

Hypognatha mirandaribeiroi Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 371, f. 25-26 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha mirandariberoi Brignoli, 1983c: 271 (lapsus)

Hypognatha mirandaribeiroi Levi, 1996b: 110, 95-99 (f)

Hypognatha mozamba Levi, 1996 | | Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016164

Hypognatha mozamba Levi, 1996b: 100, f. 1, 31-37, 52-53 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha nasuta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016165

Hypognatha nasuta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896a: 222, pl. 27, f. 3-5 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha nasuta F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 540, pl. 51, f. 27-28 (mf)

Hypognatha nasuta Chickering, 1953a: 6, f. 11-15 (mf)

Hypognatha nasuta Levi, 1996b: 104, f. 45-51, 54-55 (mf)

Hypognatha navio Levi, 1996 | | Venezuela, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016166

Hypognatha navio Levi, 1996b: 108, f. 67-76 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha pereiroi Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016167

Hypognatha pereiroi Levi, 1996b: 115, f. 128-130 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha putumayo Levi, 1996 | | Colombia, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016168

Hypognatha putumayo Levi, 1996b: 124, f. 208-215 (Dmf) Original description

Hypognatha rancho Levi, 1996 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016169

Hypognatha rancho Levi, 1996b: 123, f. 190-192 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha saut Levi, 1996 | | French Guiana urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016170

Hypognatha saut Levi, 1996b: 108, f. 64-66 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha scutata (Perty, 1833) | | Trinidad to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016171

Acrosoma scutatum Perty, 1833: 194, pl. 38, f. 7 (Df) Original description

Gasteracantha feisthamelii Guérin, 1839: 110 (Df)

Eurysoma scutatum C. L. Koch, 1839a: 117, f. 517 (f)

Epeira scutata Walckenaer, 1841: 148

Eurycorma scutata Thorell, 1868b: 4

Calydna prospiciens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874c: 175, pl. 17, f. 3 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054639]

Paraplectana decora O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877c: 34, pl. 7, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054637]

Eurysoma scutata Keyserling, 1879: 293, pl. 4, f. 1 (f, Dm)

Hypophthalma coccinellina Taczanowski, 1879: 125, pl. 2, f. 37 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054636]

Paraplectana scutata Keyserling, 1892: 2, pl. 1, f. 2 (mf)

Hypognatha scutata Simon, 1895a: 874, f. 932-935 (mf)

Hypognatha decora Simon, 1895a: 874

Hypognatha prospiciens Simon, 1895a: 874

Hypognatha coccinellina Petrunkevitch, 1911: 350

Hypognatha scutata Levi, 1996b: 105, f. 56-63 (mf, S of Hypognatha coccinellina, H. decora and H. prospiciens)

Hypognatha scutata Carvalho & Gasnier, 2019: CB14, f. 25-28 (mf)

Hypognatha solimoes Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016172

Hypognatha solimoes Levi, 1996b: 123, f. 193-195 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha tampo Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016173

Hypognatha tampo Levi, 1996b: 99, f. 20-23 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha testudinaria (Taczanowski, 1879) | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016174

Hypophthalma testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879: 128, pl. 2, f. 39 (Dmf) Original description

Hypophthalma geometrica Taczanowski, 1879: 126, pl. 2, f. 38 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054638]

Hypognatha testudinaria Simon, 1895a: 873

Hypognatha geometrica Petrunkevitch, 1911: 350

Hypognatha testudinaria Levi, 1996b: 109, f. 77-87 (mf, S of Hypognatha geometrica)

Hypognatha tingo Levi, 1996 | | Peru urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016175

Hypognatha tingo Levi, 1996b: 112, f. 100-102 (Dm) Original description

Hypognatha tocantins Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016176

Hypognatha tocantins Levi, 1996b: 126, f. 229-232 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha triunfo Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016177

Hypognatha triunfo Levi, 1996b: 120, f. 168-170 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha utari Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016178

Hypognatha utari Levi, 1996b: 120, f. 171-174 (Df) Original description

Hypognatha viamao Levi, 1996 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016179

Hypognatha viamao Levi, 1996b: 112, f. 106-111 (Dmf) Original description