World Spider Catalog

Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: Blabomma and Yorima are transferred from the Dictynidae to the Cybaeidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 606; Argyroneta is transferred from the Cybaeidae to the Dictynidae and Cicurina (as well as Chorizomma and Mastigusa [transferred to the Cybaeidae by Castellucci et al., 2023: 6], which are not explicitely listed by Wheeler et al., 2017) from Dictynidae to Hahniidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 607; Cicurinidae new circumscribed (Bromella, Cicurina and Chorizomma) and elevated to family by Gorneau et al., 2023: 11; included genera of Dictynidae listed by Gorneau et al., 2023: 12; re-separation of Argyronetidae (Ono, 2009a: 169, Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii, with the single genus Argyroneta) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; considering the low bootstrap values of dichotomies in the families Agelenidae, Cybaidae, Hahniidae, Toxopidae and Dictynidae (see Wheeler et al., 2017) the proposed positon of Argyroneta is far from certain (e.g. Ono & Ogata, 2018: 618); we reflect the transfer here and state that Argyronetidae Thorell, 1869: 45 has priority under ICZN; we suggest to wait for a stable family placement and naming before a nomenclatorial action at the family name level is done; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 515, f. 15-16.

Gen. Nigma Lehtinen, 1967 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01988

N.B.: new name for Heterodictyna sensu Dahl, 1924: 154 (not Heterodictyna Dahl, 1904: 118).

Transferred to other genera:

Nigma gratiosa (Simon, 1881) -- see Ajmonia

Nigma numidica (Denis, 1937) -- see Ajmonia

Nigma patellaris (Simon, 1910) -- see Ajmonia

Nigma tristis (Spassky, 1952) -- see Dictyna

In synonymy:

Nigma canariensis Wunderlich, 1987 = Nigma puella Simon, 1870 (Wunderlich, 1992a: 429)

Nigma eburnea (Schmidt, 1982, T from Dictyna) = Nigma puella Simon, 1870 (Wunderlich, 1992a: 429)

Nigma lobensis (Schmidt, 1976, T from Dictyna) = Nigma puella Simon, 1870 (Wunderlich, 1992a: 429)

Nigma orientalis (Kulczyński, 1895, T from Dictyna) = Nigma flavescens Walckenaer, 1830 (Lehtinen, 1967: 252)

Nigma palmarum (Simon, 1885) = Nigma conducens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 (Simon, 1907e: 1, sub Dictyna)

Nigma vulnerata (Simon, 1914) = Nigma walckenaeri Roewer, 1951 (Lecigne et al., 2022: 28)

Nigma albida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) | | Pakistan, India, China (Yarkand) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022247

Dictyna albida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885b: 29 (Df) Original description

Dictyna albida Dyal, 1935: 157, pl. 14, f. 79 (f)

Nigma albida Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016: 202 (T from Dictyna)

Nigma conducens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) | | North Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022508

Dictyna conducens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 556, pl. 58, f. 3 (Dm) Original description

Dictyna palmarum Simon, 1885i: 33 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059209]

Dictyna conducens Simon, 1907e: 1 (S of Dictyna palmarum)

Nigma conducens Lehtinen, 1967: 252, f. 329, 331 (mf, T from Dictyna)

"Nigma" conducens Esyunin, Zamani & Tuneva, 2017: 60 (incertae sedis, misplaced in the genus)

Nigma conducens Abdel-Ghani, Hassan & Sallam, 2023: 32, f. 6a-b (mf)

Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830) | | Europe, Caucasus, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022509

Drassus flavescens Walckenaer, 1830: 179 (Dmf) Original description

Theridion viride Wider, 1834: 239, pl. 16, f. 11 (Dmf)

Dictyna variabilis C. L. Koch, 1836a: 29, f. 187 (Df)

Ergatis flavescens Blackwall, 1841a: 608

Argus flavescens Walckenaer, 1847a: 501

Ergatis pallens Blackwall, 1859a: 94 (Df)

Ergatis pallens Blackwall, 1861a: 145, pl. 10, f. 94 (f)

Dictyna variabilis Ohlert, 1867: 42 (Dm)

Dictyna flavescens Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 158

Dictyna orientalis Kulczyński, 1895a: 34, pl. 1, f. 22-23 (Df)

Dictyna flavescens Becker, 1896: 214, pl. 14, f. 2 (f)

Dictyna flavescens Kulczyński, 1899: 330, pl. 6, f. 8-9 (m)

Dictyna flavescens Bösenberg, 1902: 241, pl. 22, f. 344 (mf)

Dictyna flavescens Simon, 1914: 51, 63, f. 101 (mf)

Dictyna flavescens Drensky, 1940: 181, f. 9b, 10 (mf)

Dictyna flavescens Locket & Millidge, 1951: 64, f. 28C-D, G, 27C (mf)

Dictyna flavescens Wiehle, 1953: 83, f. 175-178b (mf)

Dictyna flavescens Muller, 1956: 199, f. 3-4 (f)

Heterodictyna flavescens Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 47 (Tmf from Dictyna, S)

Nigma flavescens Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Heterodictyna, S of Dictyna orientalis)

Dictyna flavescens Loksa, 1969: 39, f. 24E, 27B-C, 30B-C (mf)

Nigma flavescens Roberts, 1985: 52, f. 15b (mf)

Dictyna flavescens Hu & Li, 1987a: 319, f. 3.1-2 (f)

Nigma flavescens Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 380, f. 987 (mf)

Nigma flavescens Roberts, 1995: 86, f. (mf)

Nigma flavescens Roberts, 1998: 88, f. (mf)

Nigma flavescens Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 365, f. 215S-T (f)

Nigma flavescens Hu, 2001: 111, f. 29.1-2 (f)

Nigma flavescens Wunderlich, 2011: 313, f. 2, 5, 8, 10, 17 (m)

Nigma flavescens Lecigne, 2016d: 21, f. 9F-I (mf)

Nigma flavescens Russell-Smith, 2017: 16, f. 1, 2B (m)

Nigma flavescens Kuralt & Kostanjšek, 2019: 31, f. 6 (m)

Nigma flavescens Tilly & Tilly, 2019: 8, f. 7A-B (m)

Nigma gertschi (Berland & Millot, 1940) | | Senegal urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022510

Dictyna gertschi Berland & Millot, 1940: 152, f. 4 (Dmf) Original description

Nigma gertschi Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (Tmf from Dictyna)

Nigma hortensis (Simon, 1870) | | Portugal, Spain, France, Algeria urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022511

Dictyna hortensis Simon, 1870b: 296 (Dmf) Original description

Dictyna hortensis Simon, 1914: 50, 63, f. 97, 99 (mf)

Heterodictyna hortensis Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 47 (T from Dictyna)

Nigma hortensis Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Heterodictyna)

Dictyna hortensis Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982: 84, f. 2A, 3A (m)

Nigma hortensis Wunderlich, 2011: 313, f. 19 (m)

Nigma hortensis Lissner, 2017b: 52, f. 1a-b, 2a-b (f)

Nigma laeta (Spassky, 1952) | | Azerbaijan, Iran, Tajikistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022512

Dictyna laeta Spassky, 1952: 202, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Nigma walckenaeri Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (S, rejected by Brignoli, 1983c: 515)

Dictyna laeta Andreeva & Tystshenko, 1969: 378, f. 4a (Dm)

Dictyna laeta Andreeva, 1976: 24, f. 23 (m)

Nigma laeta Brignoli, 1983c: 515

"Nigma" laeta Esyunin, Zamani & Tuneva, 2017: 55, f. 18-26, 29 (mf, incertae sedis, misplaced in the genus)

Nigma linsdalei (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022513

Heterodictyna linsdalei Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 47, pl. 10, f. 8-13 (Dmf) Original description

Heterodictyna linsdalei Lehtinen, 1967: 210 (may belong to Ajmonia or Dictynomorpha)

Heterodictyna linsdalei Roth, 1982: 15-2, f. 8-9 (mf)

Nigma linsdalei Brignoli, 1983c: 515 (Tmf from Heterodictyna=Mallos)

Heterodictyna linsdalei Roth, 1985: B11-3, f. 8-9 (mf)

Heterodictyna linsdalei Roth, 1994: 91, f. 8-9 (mf)

Nigma linsdalei Griswold et al., 2005: 21, f. 176A (m)

"Nigma" linsdalei Esyunin, Zamani & Tuneva, 2017: 60 (incertae sedis, misplaced in the genus)

Nigma longipes (Berland, 1914) | | East Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022514

Dictyna longipes Berland, 1914: 55, f. 12-18 (Dmf) Original description

Dictyna longipes Caporiacco, 1949a: 325, f. 4 (mf)

Nigma longipes Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (Tmf from Dictyna)

"Nigma" longipes Esyunin, Zamani & Tuneva, 2017: 60 (incertae sedis, misplaced in the genus)

Nigma nangquianensis (Hu, 2001) | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:037800

Dictyna nangquianensis Hu, 2001: 105, f. 25.1-2 (Df) Original description

Nigma nangquianensis Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016: 202 (T from Dictyna)

Nigma puella (Simon, 1870) | | Azores, Madeira, Canary Is., Europe, Algeria, Tunisia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022515

Dictyna puella Simon, 1870b: 299 (Df) Original description

Dictyna puella Simon, 1874a: 180, pl. 3, f. 4 (f)

Dictyna puella Kulczyński, 1899: 330, pl. 6, f. 7, 10 (f, Dm)

Dictyna puella Simon, 1914: 51, 64, f. 98-99 (mf)

Dictyna puella Locket & Millidge, 1951: 64, f. 23B, 26A-B, E, 27A (mf)

Heterodictyna puella Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 47 (Tmf from Dictyna)

Nigma puella Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (Tmf from Heterodictyna)

Dictyna lobensis Schmidt, 1976: 321, f. 4 (Df)

Dictyna eburnea Schmidt, 1982: 394, f. 2 (Df)

Nigma puella Roberts, 1985: 52, f. 15a (mf)

Nigma canariensis Wunderlich, 1987a: 226, f. 593-596a (Dmf)

Nigma puella Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 380, f. 988 (m)

Nigma puella Wunderlich, 1992a: 429 (S)

Nigma puella Millidge, 1993c: 154, f. 55 (f)

Nigma puella Roberts, 1995: 86, f. (mf)

Nigma puella Roberts, 1998: 88, f. (mf)

Nigma puella Wunderlich, 2011: 313, f. 4, 6, 9, 13, 18 (m)

Nigma puella Russell-Smith, 2017: 17, f. 2A (m)

Nigma puella Breitling, 2020: 342, f. 7C (f)

Nigma puella Rehfeldt & Cassar, 2024: 22, f. 7a-b, 40d (f)

Nigma shiprai (Tikader, 1966) | | India, Nepal urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022516

Dictyna shiprai Tikader, 1966d: 46, f. 2a-c (Dmf) Original description

Dictyna rebai Tikader, 1966d: 45, f. 1c (Dm; not f,=Anaxibia r.)

Nigma shiprai Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (Tmf from Dictyna)

Nigma tuberosa Wunderlich, 1987 | | Canary Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022518

Nigma tuberosa Wunderlich, 1987a: 227, f. 597-601 (Dmf) Original description

Nigma tuberosa Wunderlich, 2011: 313, f. 14-15 (m)

Nigma walckenaeri (Roewer, 1951) | | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022520

Aranea viridissima Walckenaer, 1802: 212 (Dmf; preoccupied by De Geer, 1778)

Drassus viridissimus Walckenaer, 1805: 46

Ergatis viridissima Blackwall, 1841a: 608

Argus viridissimus Walckenaer, 1847a: 501

Dictyna viridissima Simon, 1874a: 183

Dictyna viridissima Bertkau, 1883: 379, pl. 11, f. 8 (f)

Dictyna viridissima Becker, 1896: 216, pl. 14, f. 3 (mf)

Dictyna viridissima Berland, 1913c: 34, f. 23-26 (mf)

Dictyna viridissima vulnerata Simon, 1914: 51, 63 (Df; suppressed for lack of usage, see ICZN article 23.9.3 and Lecigne et al., 2022: 28) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022519]

Dictyna viridissima Simon, 1914: 51, 63, f. 100 (mf)

Dictyna viridissima Gerhardt, 1921: 96, 173, f. 8 (m)

Dictyna viridissima Reimoser, 1932: 60, f. 5 (mf)

Dictyna viridissima Drensky, 1940: 181, f. 7, 9a (mf)

Dictyna viridissima Chrysanthus, 1949b: 352, f. 5 (m)

Dictyna viridissima Locket & Millidge, 1951: 64, f. 26C-D, F, 27B (mf)

Dictyna walckenaeri Roewer, 1951: 454 (replacement name) Original description

Dictyna walckenaeri Wiehle, 1953: 76, f. 164-171b (mf)

Heterodictyna viridissima Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 47 (T from Dictyna)

Nigma walckenaeri Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Heterodictyna)

Dictyna viridissima Loksa, 1969: 39, f. 24F, 25, 27A, 30A, E (mf)

Nigma vulnerata Schmidt, 1973: 359 (elevated from subspecies)

Heterodictyna walckenaeri Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 2

Dictyna viridissima Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982: 84, f. 2B, 3B (m)

Nigma walckenaeri Roberts, 1985: 52, f. 15c (mf)

Nigma walckenaeri Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 380, f. 986 (mf)

Nigma walckenaeri Roberts, 1995: 87, f. (mf)

Nigma walckenaeri Roberts, 1998: 89, f. (mf)

Nigma walckenaeri Topçu, Demir & Seyyar, 2005: 124, f. 5 (m)

Nigma walckenaeri Wunderlich, 2011: 313, f. 3, 7, 11-12, 16 (m)

Nigma walckenaeri Allen, 2019: 29, f. 1-2 (m)

Nigma walckenaeri Lecigne et al., 2022: 27, f. 11A-D (m, S of Nigma vulnerata)

Nigma walckenaeri Seropian et al., 2023: 236, f. 8-9 (m)