Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Acanthoctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 378; Lehtinen's inclusion of the Thalassiinae (Pisauridae) was rejected by Brignoli, 1983c: 585; considered polyphyletic by Griswold, 1993: 37); limits thoroughly discussed by Silva-Dávila, 2003; Cupiennius Simon, 1891 transferred to the Trechaleidae by Piacentini & Ramírez, 2019: 233 and Mahafalytenus Silva-Dávila, 2007 transferred to the Viridasiidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 517, f. 17-18.
Gen. Viracucha Lehtinen, 1967 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01808

In synonymy:

Viracucha bahiensis (Strand, 1910, T from Acanthoctenus) = Viracucha paraguayensis Strand, 1909 (Lehtinen, 1967: 274)

Viracucha andicola (Simon, 1906) | | Bolivia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020808
Acanthoctenus andicola Simon, 1906b: 291, f. 2D-E (Dmf) Original description
Acanthoctenus saraensis Strand, 1909i: 408 (m only, f=Nothroctenus marshii)
Viracucha andicola Lehtinen, 1967: 274, f. 415-416, 421 (Tmf from Acanthoctenus)
Viracucha andicola Polotow & Brescovit, 2014: 345, f. 5A (m)
Viracucha exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1936) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020809
Acanthoctenus exilis Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 198, f. 14-15 (Dmf) Original description
Viracucha exilis Lehtinen, 1967: 274 (Tf from Acanthoctenus, not m, =Nothroctenus sp.)
Viracucha mammifer (Mello-Leitão, 1939) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020398
Acanthoctenus mammiferus Mello-Leitão, 1939f: 528, f. 11-13 (Df) Original description
Viracucha mammifer Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 52 (T from Acanthoctenus)
Viracucha misionesicus (Mello-Leitão, 1945) | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020810
Acanthoctenus misionesicus Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 256, f. 40 (Df) Original description
Viracucha misionesicus Lehtinen, 1967: 274 (Tf from Acanthoctenus)
Viracucha paraguayensis (Strand, 1909) | | Brazil, Paraguay urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020811
Acanthoctenus paraguayensis Strand, 1909i: 406 (Df) Original description
Acanthoctenus bahiensis Strand, 1909i: 407 (Df)
Viracucha paraguayensis Lehtinen, 1967: 274 (Tf from Acanthoctenus, S)
Viracucha ridleyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020812
Acanthoctenus ridleyi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897b: 103, pl. 4, f. 3e (Df) Original description
Acanthoctenus ridleyi Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 199, f. 17 (f)
Viracucha ridleyi Lehtinen, 1967: 274 (Tf from Acanthoctenus)
Viracucha silvicola (B. A. M. Soares & H. E. M. Soares, 1946) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020813
Acanthoctenus silvicola Soares & Soares, 1946: 53, f. 1-2 (Df) Original description
Acanthoctenus silvicola Soares & Soares, 1946: 53, f. 1-2 (Df)
Viracucha silvicola Lehtinen, 1967: 274 (Tf from Acanthoctenus)

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