World Spider Catalog

Trechaleidae Simon, 1890

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: recognized as the "Trechalea genus-group" and considered "not a close relative of the nursery-web Pisauridae" by Sierwald, 1990: 51 (cf. Carico, 1986); considered by Griswold, 1993: 37 to include the Rhoicininae, including (per Sierwald, 1993: 69) at least Barrisca Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, Rhoicinus Simon, 1898 and Shinobius Yaginuma, 1991; the older name Triclaridae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877b: 567 is based on a preoccupied genus name (and a nomen oblitum); the older name Perissoblemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881d: 773 is a nomen oblitum (and based on a specific nomen dubium); Cupiennius Simon, 1891 transferred from the Ctenidae to the Trechaleidae by Piacentini & Ramírez, 2019: 233; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 518, f. 17-18.

Gen. Cupiennius Simon, 1891 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01786

type Cupiennius getazi Simon, 1891; gender masculine

N.B.: not belonging to the Ctenidae according to Polotow, Carmichael & Griswold, 2015, transferred from the Ctenidae to the Trechaleidae by Piacentini & Ramírez, 2019: 233.

Transferred to other genera:

Cupiennius argentinus (Holmberg, 1881) -- see Ancylometes

Cupiennius diplocellatus Mello-Leitão, 1936 -- see Ancylometes

In synonymy:

Cupiennius ahrensi Schmidt, 1961 = Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 346)

Cupiennius anclatus (Franganillo, 1931, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Alayón, 2002c: 138)

Cupiennius arboreus Franganillo, 1935 = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 350)

Cupiennius celerrimus Simon, 1891 = Cupiennius bimaculatus (Taczanowski, 1874) (Brescovit & Polotow, 2005: 771)

Cupiennius costaericae Strand, 1910 = Cupiennius coccineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 343)

Cupiennius cuminamensis (Mello-Leitão, 1930, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius bimaculatus (Taczanowski, 1874) (Brescovit & Eickstedt, 1995: 642, sub C. celerrimus)

Cupiennius dolomedes (Chamberlin, 1925, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius granadensis (Keyserling, 1877) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 352)

Cupiennius exterritorialis Strand, 1910 = Cupiennius coccineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 343)

Cupiennius foliatus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 = Cupiennius oculifer (Karsch, 1879) (Sherwood et al., 2025g: 139)

Cupiennius gigas (Franganillo, 1931, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Alayón, 2002c: 138)

Cupiennius griseus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 = Cupiennius getazi Simon, 1891 (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 341)

Cupiennius guatemalicus Strand, 1910 = Cupiennius oculifer (Karsch, 1879) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 355, sub Cupiennius foliatus)

Cupiennius harzi Schmidt, 1964 = Cupiennius oculifer (Karsch, 1879) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 355, sub Cupiennius foliatus)

Cupiennius impressus (Franganillo, 1930, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Alayón, 2002c: 138)

Cupiennius medius Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Cupiennius granadensis (Keyserling, 1877) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 352)

Cupiennius minimus Banks, 1909 = Cupiennius oculifer (Karsch, 1879) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 355, sub Cupiennius foliatus)

Cupiennius mordicus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 306)

Cupiennius obscurus Bryant, 1940 = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 350)

Cupiennius oculatus (Simon, 1891, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 306)

Cupiennius panamensis Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985 = Cupiennius valentinei (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (Höfer & Brescovit, 2000: 354)

Cupiennius pediculatus (Franganillo, 1946, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Alayón, 2002c: 138)

Cupiennius pilosus (Franganillo, 1930) = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 350)

Cupiennius subfoliatus Strand, 1910 = Cupiennius oculifer (Karsch, 1879) (Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 355, sub Cupiennius foliatus)

Cupiennius variabilis (Franganillo, 1931, T from Ctenus) = Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 (Alayón, 2002c: 138)

Cupiennius bimaculatus (Taczanowski, 1874) | | Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Ecuador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039416

Ctenus bimaculatus Taczanowski, 1874: 92 (Dj) Original description

Cupiennius celerrimus Simon, 1891a: 111 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020734]

Ctenus cuminamensis Mello-Leitão, 1930b: 64, f. 24-25 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054080]

Ctenus cuminamensis Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 7, pl. 1, f. 5 (f)

Cupiennius celerrimus Brescovit & Eickstedt, 1995: 642, f. 1-6 (mf, S of Ctenus cuminamensis)

Cupiennius celerrimus Barth & Cordes, 1998: 137, f. 14, 20, 28 (mf)

Cupiennius celerrimus Barth, 2001: 497, f. A2b, A3f, A4f (mf)

Cupiennius celerrimus Barth, 2002: 383, f. A2b, A3f, A4f (mf)

Cupiennius bimaculatus Brescovit & Polotow, 2005: 771 (removed from S of Ancylometes rufus, rejecting Höfer & Brescovit, 2000: 337, S of Cupiennius celerrimus)

Cupiennius celerrimus Barth & Cordes, 2008: 226, f. 8b, 14, 22 (mf)

Cupiennius bimaculatus Sherwood, 2025b: 152, f. 20A-C (m)

Cupiennius chiapanensis Medina, 2006 | | Mexico, Honduras urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040171

Cupiennius chiapanensis Medina, 2006: 136, f. 1-7 (Dmf) Original description

Cupiennius chiapanensis Cubas-Rodríguez, 2026: 556, 1A-D, 3 (f)

Cupiennius coccineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 | | Costa Rica to Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020735

Cupiennius coccineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 307, pl. 29, f. 18 (Df) Original description

Cupiennius exterritorialis Strand, 1909h: 295 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057530]

Cupiennius costaericae Strand, 1909i: 424 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057529]

Cupiennius coccineus Schmidt, 1964: 121, f. 2 (f)

Cupiennius coccineus Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 343, f. 11-15, 41b, 42b (mf, S of Cupiennius costaericae and C. exterritorialis)

Cupiennius coccineus Barth & Cordes, 1998: 136, f. 7, 14, 16, 24 (mf)

Cupiennius coccineus Barth, 2001: 395, f. A1b, A2a, A3b, A4b, pl. 3, 7 (mf)

Cupiennius coccineus Barth, 2002: 381, f. A1b, A2a, A3b, A4b (mf)

Cupiennius coccineus Barth & Cordes, 2008: 225, f. 2, 8a, 10, 18 (mf)

Cupiennius coccineus Sherwood, 2025b: 153, f. 20D (f)

Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909 | | Cuba, Costa Rica to Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020736

Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1909i: 424 (Df) Original description

Ctenus impressus Franganillo, 1930: 33 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020590]

Ctenus pilosus Franganillo, 1930: 33 (=79) (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020652]

Ctenus anclatus Franganillo, 1931c: 287 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020483]

Ctenus gigas Franganillo, 1931c: 287 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020573]

Ctenus variabilis Franganillo, 1931c: 287 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020723]

Cupiennius arboreus Franganillo, 1935b: 27, f. 8-11 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062370]

Cupiennius pilosus Franganillo, 1935b: 28 (T from Ctenus)

Cupiennius arboreus Franganillo, 1936c: 100, f. 52-54 (f)

Cupiennius obscurus Bryant, 1940: 384, f. 136, 161 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062375]

Ctenus pediculatus Franganillo, 1946: 99, f. 4c (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020654]

Ctenus gigas Franganillo, 1946: 100 (Dm)

Cupiennius cubae Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 350, f. 21-25, 41f, 42f (mf, S of Cupiennius arboreus, C. obscurus and C. pilosus)

Cupiennius cubae Barth & Cordes, 1998: 136, f. 9, 14, 18, 26 (mf)

Cupiennius cubae Barth, 2001: 396, f. A1d, A2, A3d, A4d, pl. 6 (mf)

Cupiennius cubae Barth, 2002: 382, f. A1d, A2, A3d, A4d (mf)

Cupiennius cubae Alayón, 2002c: 138 (S of Ctenus anclatus, C. gigas, C. impressus, C. pediculatus and C. variabilis)

Cupiennius cubae Barth & Cordes, 2008: 225, f. 4, 8b, 12, 20 (mf)

Cupiennius getazi Simon, 1891 | | Costa Rica, Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020738 TYPE SPECIES

Cupiennius getazi Simon, 1891a: 110 (Df, j per Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 341) Original description

Cupiennius griseus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 307 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056290]

Cupiennius getazi Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 341, f. 3-4, 6-10, 41c, 42c (Dm, f, S of Cupiennius griseus)

Cupiennius getazi Barth & Cordes, 1998: 136, f. 8, 14, 17, 25 (mf)

Cupiennius getazi Barth, 2001: 396, f. A1c, A2a, A3c, A4c, pl. 2 (mf)

Cupiennius getazi Barth, 2002: 382, f. A1c, A2a, A3c, A4c (mf)

Cupiennius getazi Barth & Cordes, 2008: 225, f. 3, 8a, 11, 19 (mf)

Cupiennius getazi Sherwood, 2022d: 18, f. 1-4 (f)

Cupiennius granadensis (Keyserling, 1877) | | Costa Rica to Colombia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020739

Ctenus granadensis Keyserling, 1877a: 682, pl. 8, f. 51-52 (Df) Original description

Cupiennius granadensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 479

Ctenus dolomedes Chamberlin, 1925d: 219 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020640]

Cupiennius medius Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 14, pl. 2, f. 13-14 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062373]

Ancylometes granadensis Lucas, 1964b: 133 (T from Cupiennius)

Cupiennius granadensis Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 352, f. 26-30, 41e, 42e (mf, T from Ancylometes, S of Ctenus dolomedes and Cupiennius medius)

Cupiennius granadensis Brescovit & Eickstedt, 1995: 642, f. 7-8 (m)

Cupiennius granadensis Barth & Cordes, 1998: 137, f. 14, 19, 27 (mf)

Cupiennius granadensis Barth, 2001: 397, f. A2b, A3e, A4e (mf)

Cupiennius granadensis Barth, 2002: 383, f. A2b, A3e, A4e (mf)

Cupiennius granadensis Barth & Cordes, 2008: 226, f. 8b, 13, 21 (mf)

Cupiennius oculifer (Karsch, 1879) | | Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062377

Phoneutria oculifera Karsch, 1879a: 350, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Cupiennius foliatus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 307, pl. 30, f. 1-2 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020737]

Cupiennius minimus Banks, 1909a: 215, pl. 6, f. 27 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062374]

Cupiennius subfoliatus Strand, 1909h: 293 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062376]

Cupiennius guatemalicus Strand, 1910e: 14 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062371]

Cupiennius harzi Schmidt, 1964: 121, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062372]

Cupiennius foliatus Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 355, f. 31-35, 41d, 42d (mf, S of Cupiennius guatemalicus, C. harzi, C. minimus and C. subfoliatus)

Phoneutria oculifera Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 347 (removed from S of Cupiennius salei, rejecting Petrunkevitch, 1911: 479, probably to Ancylometes)

Cupiennius foliatus Barth & Cordes, 1998: 137, f. 14, 22, 31 (mf)

Cupiennius foliatus Barth, 2001: 397, f. A2a, A3h, A4i, pl. 8 (mf)

Cupiennius foliatus Barth, 2002: 383, f. A2a, A3h, A4i (mf)

Cupiennius foliatus Barth & Cordes, 2008: 226, f. 8a, 16, 25 (mf)

Cupiennius oculifer Sherwood et al., 2025g: 139, f. 1B, F, H, 2A-D (f, T from Phoneutria, S of Cupiennius foliatus)

Cupiennius remedius Barth & Cordes, 1998 | | Guatemala urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020741

Cupiennius remedius Barth & Cordes, 1998: 134, f. 3-5, 14, 22, 30 (Dmf) Original description

Cupiennius remedius Barth, 2001: 397, f. A2a, A3h, A4h, pl. 8 (mf)

Cupiennius remedius Barth, 2002: 383, f. A2a, A3h, A4h (mf)

Cupiennius remedius Barth & Cordes, 2008: 226, f. 8a, 16, 24 (mf)

Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) | | Mexico, Central America, Hispaniola urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020742

Ctenus salei Keyserling, 1877a: 685, pl. 8, f. 53 (Dmf) Original description

Ctenus oculatus Simon, 1891a: 110 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062378]

Ctenus mordicus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892b: 100, pl. 13, f. 6-7 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062379]

Cupiennius sallei F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 306, pl. 29, f. 16-17 (mf, S of Ctenus mordicus and C. oculatus)

Cupiennius sallei Petrunkevitch, 1911: 479 (S of Phoneutria oculifera; revalidated by Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 347)

Cupiennius sallei Bryant, 1948b: 402, f. 95 (f)

Cupiennius ahrensi Schmidt, 1961: 58, 4 figs. (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062369]

Cupiennius salei Melchers, 1963: 18, f. 7-9, 14-15 (mf)

Ancylometes ahrensi Lucas, 1964b: 134 (T from Cupiennius)

Cupiennius salei Tystshenko, 1971: 13, f. 19-22 (mf)

Cupiennius ahrensi Brignoli, 1983c: 589 (T from Ancylometes)

Cupiennius salei Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 346, f. 5, 16-20, 41a, 42a (mf, S of Cupiennius ahrensi)

Cupiennius salei Barth & Cordes, 1998: 136, f. 6, 14-15, 23 (mf)

Cupiennius salei Barth, 2001: 396, f. A1a, A2a, A3a, A4a, pl. 1, 4, 9, 12-13 (mf)

Cupiennius salei Barth, 2002: 382, f. A1a, A2a, A3a, A4a (mf)

Cupiennius salei Barth & Cordes, 2008: 225, f. 1, 8a, 9, 17 (mf)

Cupiennius salei Polotow, Carmichael & Griswold, 2015: 150, f. 16B, 21F (f)

Cupiennius salei Sherwood, 2025b: 153, f. 20E-J (mf)

Cupiennius salei Sherwood et al., 2025g: 139, f. 1A, D, G, J, 2E-F (f)

Cupiennius valentinei (Petrunkevitch, 1925) | | Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:019519

Ancylometes valentinei Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 162, f. 83-85 (Dmf) Original description

Cupiennius panamensis Lachmuth, Grasshoff & Barth, 1985: 358, f. 36-40, 41g, 42g (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020740]

Cupiennius panamensis Barth & Cordes, 1998: 136, f. 12, 14, 21, 29 (mf)

Cupiennius valentinei Höfer & Brescovit, 2000: 354 (T from Ancylometes, S of Cupiennius panamensis)

Cupiennius panamensis Barth, 2001: 397, f. A1g, A2b, A3g, A4g (mf)

Cupiennius panamensis Barth, 2002: 383, f. A1g, A2b, A3g, A4g (mf)

Cupiennius panamensis Barth & Cordes, 2008: 226, f. 7, 8b, 15, 23 (mf)

Cupiennius vodou Brescovit & Polotow, 2005 | | Hispaniola urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040172

Cupiennius vodou Brescovit & Polotow, 2005: 772, f. 1-7 (Dmf) Original description