Sponsors
N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; family status of Paraplectanoididae, Nephilidae and Phonognathidae revalidated by Kuntner et al., 2025: 17, 23, but not accepted here for reasons of stability; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimetidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 241 and Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 consider Zygiellidae as the valid name instead of Phonognathidae and accept the family status of Nephilidae; the status of the Nephilinae and Phonognathinae (= Zygiellidae) as subfamilies is accepted by majority vote of the WSC boards; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 list ten subfamilies and tribes as valid (besides Nephilidae and Zygiellidae): Araneinae, Argiopinae Simon, 1890a: 81 (sub Argiopidae), Cyrtarachninae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtarachneae), Сyrtophorinae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtophoreae), Gasteracanthinae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871e: 217 (sub Gasteracanthides), Micratheninae Simon, 1895a: 848 (sub Micratheneae), Guizygiellinae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 42, Caerostrini Simon, 1895a: 831 (sub Cerostreae), Hypognathini Simon, 1895a: 871 (sub Hypognatheae) and Poltyini Simon, 1895a: 888 (sub Poltyeae).
In synonymy:
Pararaneus asbenicus (Denis, 1955, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 92)
Pararaneus confusionis (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91)
Pararaneus crassicaudex (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus perforatus (Thorell, 1899) (Grasshoff, 1968: 89)
Pararaneus darolicola (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86)
Pararaneus hoplophallus (Pocock, 1899, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86)
Pararaneus lunulifera (Reimoser, 1937, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Levy, 1998a: 344)
Pararaneus manicola (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91)
Pararaneus paracymbifer (Strand, 1906) = Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86)
Pararaneus randiae (Strand, 1917, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 92)
Pararaneus sanguipes (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78)
Pararaneus streptoceros (Pocock, 1898) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91)
Pararaneus striatellus Roewer, 1942 = Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86)
Pararaneus striatellus intermedius (Pavesi, 1897) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91)
Pararaneus striatellus similis (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91)
Pararaneus striatus (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895) = Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86)
Pararaneus suedicola (Simon, 1890, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91)
Pararaneus suedicola pardalis (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 92)
Pararaneus tyloscapus (Pocock, 1900, T from Araneus) = Pararaneus perforatus (Thorell, 1899) (Grasshoff, 1968: 89)
Sponsors