World Spider Catalog

Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: Includes Aphantochilidae as "a subfamily related to the Strophiinae" (Ono, 1988c: 217-218, after Homann, 1975: 184; see also Benjamin, 2011: 8 and Teixeira, Campos & Lise, 2014: 73). Separation of Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004 (Wunderlich, 2004m: 1738, Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here. Lehtinen, 2016 splits the family into five families, i.e. Thomisidae s. str., Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004, Stephanopidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871, Stiphropidae Simon, 1886 [sub Stiphropodidae; for nomenclatural author and year see Simon, 1886b: 170] and Bomidae Simon, 1886 [for nomenclatural author and year see Simon, 1886b: 173]; because of lack of a phylogenetic analysis and partly unclear limitations this splitting is not accepted; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 518, f. 17-18.

Gen. Spiracme Menge, 1876 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04531

N.B.: synonymized with Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 by Bösenberg, 1902: 342 (by synonymy of the type species), revalidated and re-defined by Breitling, 2019a: 202, 203 (includes the former durus and nigromaculatus groups of Xysticus), see also Lehtinen, 2002: 321.

Transferred to other genera:

Spiracme mongolica (Schenkel, 1963) -- see Xysticus

In synonymy:

Spiracme albomarginata (Tang & Song, 1988) = Spiracme baltistana Caporiacco, 1935 (Marusik & Logunov, 1990: 47, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme dondalei (Marusik, 1988) = Spiracme baltistana Caporiacco, 1935 (Marusik & Logunov, 1990: 47, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme jacutica (Utochkin, 1968) = Spiracme vachoni Schenkel, 1963 (Marusik, 1989a: 143, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme leechi (Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965) = Spiracme keyserlingi Bryant, 1930 (Reeves et al., 1984: 224, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme moesta (Banks, 1910) = Spiracme dura Sørensen, 1898 (Brændegaard, 1946: 58, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme nicholsi (Gertsch, 1939) = Spiracme triangulosa Emerton, 1894 (Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965: 1261, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme perogastra (Thorell, 1872) = Spiracme striatipes L. Koch, 1870 (Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 95, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme striata Menge, 1876 = Spiracme striatipes L. Koch, 1870 (Bösenberg, 1902: 342, sub Xysticus)

Spiracme baltistana (Caporiacco, 1935) | | Kazakhstan, Russia (Central Asia to Far East), Central Asia, Mongolia, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031811

Oxyptila baltistana Caporiacco, 1935b: 186, pl. 4, f. 7 (Dmf) Original description

Xysticus albomarginatus Tang & Song, 1988a: 250, f. 18-20 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060116]

Xysticus dondalei Marusik, 1988a: 1480, f. 7.1-7 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060117]

Xysticus baltistanus Marusik & Logunov, 1990: 47 (T from Ozyptila, S of Xysticus albomarginatus and X. dondalei, possible S of X. quadratus)

Xysticus albomarginatus Song & Zhu, 1997: 68, f. 39A-C (m)

Xysticus albomarginatus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 501, f. 284O (m)

Xysticus albomarginatus Hu, 2001: 352, f. 213.1-3 (m)

Xysticus albomarginatus Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 412, f. 272A-C (m)

Xysticus baltistanus Marusik, Fritzén & Song, 2007: 273, f. 59-60 (m)

Xysticus baltistanus Fomichev, Marusik & Koponen, 2014: 132, f. 4, 7-8, 12-14, 19-20 (mf)

Spiracme baltistanus Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme baltistana Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 296, f. 224A-F (mf)

Spiracme dura (Sørensen, 1898) | | Canada, USA, Greenland urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031871

Xysticus ferrugineus Emerton, 1894: 415, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df; preoccupied by Menge, 1876, see Xysticus ferrugineus)

Oxyptila dura Sørensen, 1898: 230 (Dmf) Original description

Xysticus moestus Banks, 1910: 48 (replacement name) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060121]

Oxyptila dura Jackson, 1930: 640, pl. 17, f. 6 (f)

Xysticus moestus Gertsch, 1939b: 403, f. 252-253, 267 (mf)

Xysticus durus Brændegaard, 1946: 57, f. 37-38 (mf, T from Ozyptila, S of Xysticus moestus)

Xysticus durus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965: 1260, f. 74, 77, 150, 153 (mf)

Xysticus durus Dondale & Redner, 1978b: 230, f. 695, 697 (f, m see Spiracme keyserlingi; S of Xysticus keyserlingi, revalidated by Reeves et al., 1984: 223

Xysticus durus Reeves et al., 1984: 221, f. 1-4 (mf)

Xysticus durus Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 232, f. 2614-2617 (mf)

Xysticus durus Marusik, 2015: 702, f. 2G, 25C-D, 26B (mf)

Spiracme durus Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme keyserlingi (Bryant, 1930) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031949

Xysticus keyserlingi Bryant, 1930a: 135, pl. 8, f. 9-10 (Dm) Original description

Xysticus leechi Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965: 1261, f. 155, 158 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060119]

Xysticus durus Dondale & Redner, 1978b: 230, f. 694, 696 (m; misidentified per Reeves et al., 1984: 223)

Xysticus leechi Dondale & Redner, 1978b: 234, f. 707-708 (f)

Xysticus keyserlingi Reeves et al., 1984: 223, f. 5-8 (mf, removed from S of Xysticus durus, rejecting Dondale & Redner, 1978b: 230, S of Xysticus leechi)

Spiracme keyserlingi Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme lehtineni (Fomichev, Marusik & Koponen, 2014) | | Russia (South Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046790

Xysticus lehtineni Fomichev, Marusik & Koponen, 2014: 128, f. 1-3, 5-6, 9-11, 15-18, 21-24 (Dmf) Original description

Spiracme lehtineni Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme lendli (Kulczyński, 1897) | | Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Azerbaijan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031967

Xysticus lendlii Kulczyński in Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 302, pl. 10, f. 64 (Dm) Original description

Xysticus cf. lendli Ponomarev & Shmatko, 2021: 217, f. 16 (m)

Spiracme mongolica Purgat et al., 2021b: 1602, f. 6A-D (m; misidentified per Gallé-Szpisjak et al., 2024: 1019)

Spiracme lendli Gallé-Szpisjak et al., 2024: 1019, f. 2A-D, 3A-C, 4A-C, 5A-B, 6A-C, 7A-B, 8A-F (m, Df, T from Xysticus)

Spiracme nigromaculata (Keyserling, 1884) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:032001

Xysticus nigromaculatus Keyserling, 1884b: 670, pl. 21, f. 18 (Df) Original description

Xysticus nigromaculatus Gertsch, 1939b: 402, f. 250-251, 264 (f, Dm)

Xysticus nigromaculatus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965: 1260, f. 73, 76, 154, 157 (mf)

Xysticus nigromaculatus Dondale & Redner, 1978b: 231, f. 698-701 (mf)

Spiracme nigromaculatus Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme quadrata (Tang & Song, 1988) | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:032041

Xysticus quadratus Tang & Song, 1988a: 252, f. 25-27 (Df; N.B.: possible synonym of X. baltistanus per Marusik & Logunov, 1990: 47) Original description

Xysticus quadratus Song & Zhu, 1997: 102, f. 68A-C (f)

Xysticus quadratus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 503, f. 287E (f)

Xysticus quadratus Zhang et al., 2000: 37, f. 4A-B (f)

Spiracme quadratus Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme striatipes (L. Koch, 1870) | | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Iran, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:032082

Xysticus striatipes L. Koch, 1870: 31 (Dmf) Original description

Xysticus perogaster Thorell, 1872a: 249 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060122]

Spiracme striata Menge, 1876: 447, pl. 74, f. 253 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060123]

Xysticus striatipes Becker, 1882b: 183, pl. 17, f. 4 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 95, pl. 3, f. 28 (mf, S of Xysticus perogaster)

Xysticus striatipes Bösenberg, 1902: 342, pl. 32, f. 504 (mf, S of Spiracme striata)

Xysticus striatipes Spassky, 1925: 43, f. 20 (m)

Xysticus striatipes Pereleschina, 1928: 36, f. 4 (f)

Xysticus striatipes Simon, 1932: 831, 878, f. 1249, 1255 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Buchar, 1961: 90, f. 2A (f)

Xysticus striatipes Utochkin, 1968: 18, f. 99-101 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Azheganova, 1968: 122, f. 246, 284 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Tystshenko, 1971: 123, f. 290, 292 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Miller, 1971: 120, pl. XV, f. 21, pl. XVI, f. 2 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Song, 1980: 193, f. 107a-e (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Hu, 1984: 350, f. 364.1-5 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Urones, 1984: 241, f. 1A-D (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Zhu & Shi, 1985: 197, f. 179a-e (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Song, 1987: 285, f. 242 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Zhang, 1987: 176, f. 205.1-4 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Hu & Wu, 1989: 354, f. 279.1-4 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Izmailova, 1989: 149, f. 147 (f)

Xysticus striatipes Chen & Gao, 1990: 177, f. 227a-b (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 480, f. 1264 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Zhao, 1993: 386, f. 192a-c (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Zhao, 1995: 1104, f. 533a-c (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Mcheidze, 1997: 162, f. 296-298 (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Song & Zhu, 1997: 197, f. 72A-D (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Roberts, 1998: 174, f. (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 504, f. 287M, 288A (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 419, f. 278A-D (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 470, f. 340A-D (mf)

Xysticus striatipes Tabrizi, Rad & Hedayati, 2014: 36, f. 4D-F (m)

Xysticus striatipes Kiany et al., 2017: 6, f. 13a-e (mf)

Spiracme striatipes Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme striatipes Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 298, f. 225A-F (mf)

Spiracme striatipes Gallé-Szpisjak et al., 2024: 1022, f. 3G-I, 6D-F (m)

Spiracme triangulosa (Emerton, 1894) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:032098

Xysticus triangulosus Emerton, 1894: 416, pl. 4, f. 4 (Dmf) Original description

Xysticus triangulosus Gertsch, 1939b: 397, f. 240-241, 261 (mf)

Xysticus nicholsi Gertsch, 1939b: 399, f. 266 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060120]

Xysticus triangulosus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965: 1261, f. 79, 82, 156, 159, 177 (mf, S of Xysticus nicholsi)

Xysticus triangulosus Dondale & Redner, 1978b: 232, f. 702-706 (mf)

Xysticus triangulosus Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 236, f. 2670-2673 (mf)

Xysticus triangulosus Marusik & Omelko, 2014a: 287, f. 43-45 (mf)

Spiracme triangulosus Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)

Spiracme vachoni (Schenkel, 1963) | | Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:032111

Xysticus vachoni Schenkel, 1963: 235, f. 131 (Df) Original description

Xysticus jacuticus Utochkin, 1968: 40, f. 126-129 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060118]

Xysticus jacuticus Ono, 1988c: 81, f. 62-64 (m)

Xysticus jacuticus Izmailova, 1989: 143, f. 136 (f)

Xysticus vachoni Marusik, 1989a: 143 (S of Xysticus jacuticus)

Xysticus vachoni Ono, 2009a: 511, f. 138-141 (mf)

Xysticus vachoni Marusik & Omelko, 2014a: 286, f. 40-42 (mf)

Spiracme vachoni Breitling, 2019a: 203 (T from Xysticus)