Araneidae Clerck, 1757

Family |   ACCEPTED

N.B.: family name and authorship as per ICZN, 2009 Opinion 2224, after application by Kluge, 2007; Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 (genera Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 and Demadiana Strand, 1929) elevated to Arkyidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; monophyly of Araneidae stated by Kallal et al., 2018: 138; Nephilinae Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111] elevated to family and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, re-synonymized with Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 244; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 (Simon, 1894a: 746 as Phonognatheae), the valid name for Zygiellinae Simon, 1929 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, and confirmed as family by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969-970 along with the separation of Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023; Nephilinae and Phonognathinae downgraded to subfamily and Paraplectanoididae considered a synonym of Araneidae by Hormiga et al., 2023: 803; family status of Paraplectanoididae, Nephilidae and Phonognathidae revalidated by Kuntner et al., 2025: 17, 23, but not accepted here for reasons of stability; Oarcinae (Gnolus and Oarces) transferred from the Mimetidae to the Araneidae by Dimitrov et al., 2012: Suppl. 1, p. 15, re-transfer to the Mimetidae by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 340 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 241 and Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 consider Zygiellidae as the valid name instead of Phonognathidae and accept the family status of Nephilidae; the status of the Nephilinae and Phonognathinae (= Zygiellidae) as subfamilies is accepted by majority vote of the WSC boards; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 list ten subfamilies and tribes as valid (besides Nephilidae and Zygiellidae): Araneinae, Argiopinae Simon, 1890a: 81 (sub Argiopidae), Cyrtarachninae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtarachneae), Сyrtophorinae Simon, 1895a: 876 (sub Cyrtophoreae), Gasteracanthinae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871e: 217 (sub Gasteracanthides), Micratheninae Simon, 1895a: 848 (sub Micratheneae), Guizygiellinae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 42, Caerostrini Simon, 1895a: 831 (sub Cerostreae), Hypognathini Simon, 1895a: 871 (sub Hypognatheae) and Poltyini Simon, 1895a: 888 (sub Poltyeae).

Gen. Kapogea Levi, 1997 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01499
type Cyrtophora sellata Simon, 1895; gender feminine

In synonymy:

Kapogea alayoi (Archer, 1958) = Kapogea isosceles (Mello-Leitão, 1939) (Levi & Santos, 2013: 223)

Kapogea franganilloides (Brignoli, 1983, T from Araneus) = Kapogea sellata (Simon, 1895) (Levi, 1997: 242)

Kapogea nympha (Simon, 1895, T from Cyrtophora) = Kapogea sexnotata (Simon, 1895) (Levi, 1997: 249)

Kapogea setospinosa (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, T from Araneus) = Kapogea cyrtophoroides (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904) (Levi, 1997: 244)

Kapogea cyrtophoroides (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904) | | Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016234
Aranea cyrtophoroides F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 518, pl. 51, f. 4 (Df) Original description
Araneus cyrtophoroides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 288
Araneus setospinosus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 48, pl. 14, f. 124 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057991]
Kapogea cyrtophoroides Levi, 1997: 244, f. 123-132 (Dm, f, removed from S of Cyrtophora nympha, contra Levi, 1991a: 178, S of Araneus setospinosus)
Kapogea cyrtophoroides Víquez, 2007: 386, f. 5a-b (f)
Kapogea isosceles (Mello-Leitão, 1939) | | Greater Antilles, Panama to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015946
Eustala isosceles Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 62, f. 32-33 (Df) Original description
Cyrtophora alayoi Archer, 1958: 9, f. 14-16 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016233]
Kapogea alayoi Levi, 1997: 246, f. 133-139 (mf, T from Cyrtophora)
Kapogea alayoi Levi, 2002: 559, f. 299-300 (m)
Kapogea isosceles Levi & Santos, 2013: 223 (T from Eustala, S of Kapogea alayoi)
Kapogea sellata (Simon, 1895) | | Greater Antilles, Costa Rica to Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016235 TYPE SPECIES
Cyrtophora sellata Simon, 1895g: 155 (Df) Original description
Araneus rugosus Franganillo, 1936c: 75, f. 33 (Df; preoccupied by Badcock, 1932, see Parawixia audax)
Cyrtophora sellata Blanke, 1976b: 125, f. 1a-c, 2a-e (f, Dm)
Araneus franganilloides Brignoli, 1983c: 262 (replacement name for A. rugosus Franganillo) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057989]
Kapogea sellata Levi, 1997: 243, f. 107-122 (mf, T from Cyrtophora, S of Araneus franganilloides)
Kapogea sellata Víquez, 2007: 388, f. 5c-d (f)
Kapogea sellata Martins & Santos, 2018: 451, f. 15C-D (m)
Kapogea sexnotata (Simon, 1895) | | Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016236
Cyrtophora sexnotata Simon, 1895g: 155 (Df) Original description
Cyrtophora nympha Simon, 1895g: 156 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057990]
Cyrtophora nympha Levi, 1991a: 178 (S of Araneus cyrtophoroides and A. setospinosus; both rejected by  Levi, 1997: 244)
Kapogea sexnotata Levi, 1997: 249, f. 140-147 (Dm, f, T from Cyrtophora, S of Cyrtophora nympha)

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