World Spider Catalog

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on relationships, see Michalik & Hormiga, 2010: 7; re-synonymization of Pimoidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; Sinopimoidae Li & Wunderlich, 2008 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0112] synonymyized with Linyphiidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 245; resurrection of Sinopimoidae by Wunderlich, 2020b: 20 is not accepted here, because Dimitrov et al., 2017 was not taken into account; re-elevation of Sinopimoidae to family level by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 343 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); the current status of Sinopimoidae is also maintained for reasons of stability and we wait for a probable confirmation or rejection of this resurrection; Tian et al., 2022 show five subfamilies: Linyphiinae (incl. Mynogleninae Lehtinen, 1967: 250 and Dubiaraneinae Millidge, 1993c: 145), Erigoninae Emerton, 1882: 7, Micronetinae Hull, 1920a: 8, Ipainae Saaristo, 2007b: 34 and Stemonyphantinae Wunderlich, 1986: 120; da Silva-Moreira, Kulkarni & Hormiga, 2025: 60-62 list resp. newly circumscribe six subfamilies: Erigoninae, Lepthyphantinae Simon, 1929: 562, Linyphiinae (syn. nov.: Dubiaraneinae), Mynogleninae, Pocobletinae Silva-Moreira & Hormiga, 2025: 61 (new subfamily) and Stemonyphantinae, state Ipainae and Micronetinae to be polyphyletic, leave several linyphiid clades unranked and also several genera as incertae sedis.

Gen. Arctilaira Chamberlin, 1921 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05242

type Arctilaira bellans Chamberlin, 1921; gender feminine; syn. of Hilaira vexatrix (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877)

N.B.: removed from the synonymy of Hilaira Simon, 1884 by Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 119, rejecting Holm, 1960b: 119.

In synonymy:

Arctilaira bellans Chamberlin, 1921 = Arctilaira vexatrix (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) (Holm, 1960b: 119, sub Hilaira)

Arctilaira curvitarsus (Sørensen, 1898, T from Notioscopus) = Arctilaira vexatrix (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) (Holm, 1937: 7, sub Hilaira)

Arctilaira ruderalis (Sørensen, 1898, T from Araeoncus) = Arctilaira vexatrix (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) (Holm, 1956: 464, sub Hilaira)

Arctilaira whymperi (Jackson, 1933) = Arctilaira vexatrix (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) (Holm, 1937: 7, sub Hilaira)

Arctilaira banini (Marusik & Tanasevitch, 2003) | | Mongolia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038550

Hilaira banini Marusik & Tanasevitch, 2003: 162, f. 16-17, 22-25 (Dmf) Original description

Arctilaira banini Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 121, f. 5K-L, 6A-E (mf, T from Hilaira)

Arctilaira gertschi (Holm, 1960) | | Russia (North Siberia), Alaska urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010810

Hilaira vexatrix gertschi Holm, 1960b: 120, f. 23-25 (Dmf) Original description

Hilaira gertschi Eskov, 1981b: 1487 (elevated from subspecies)

Arctilaira gertschi Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 122, f. 5G-H, 7A-J, 8A-C (mf, T from Hilaira)

Arctilaira glacialis (Thorell, 1871) | | Svalbard, Russia (Europe to Far North East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010812

Erigone glacialis Thorell, 1871b: 694 (Df) Original description

Hilaira glacialis Kulczyński, 1902b: 345, pl. 7, f. 13-14 (f)

Hilaira glacialis Simon, 1907b: 505 (Dm)

Hilaira glacialis Jackson, 1933: 152, pl. 2, f. 1, 5-6 (mf)

Hilaira glacialis Holm, 1937: 6, f. 3b, e, h (m)

Hilaira glacialis Holm, 1939a: 73, f. 2 (mf)

Hilaira glacialis Brændegaard, 1946: 39

Hilaira glacialis Holm, 1956: 464, f. 5a-f (f)

Hilaira glacialis Marusik & Tanasevitch, 2003: 164, f. 20-21, 30-32 (mf)

Arctilaira glacialis Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 123, f. 5D, 9A-I, 10A-C (mf, T from Hilaira)

Arctilaira jamalensis (Eskov, 1981) | | Russia (Europe to Far East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010815

Hilaira jamalensis Eskov, 1981b: 1488, pl. 2, f. 1-4 (Dmf) Original description

Hilaira jamalensis Marusik & Tanasevitch, 2003: 164, f. 18-19, 26-29 (mf)

Arctilaira jamalensis Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 125, f. 5I-J, 11A-I (mf, T from Hilaira; f. 11 sub Hilaira)

Arctilaira nivalis (Holm, 1937) | | Russia (Europe, North Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010821

Erigone vexatrix L. Koch, 1879c: 45, pl. 2, f. 2-2e (mf; misidentified per Holm, 1937: 8)

Gongylidium venator Simon, 1884a: 499 (lapsus)

Hilaira glacialis Kulczyński, 1908b: 25, pl. 2, f. 45, 48-49 (mf; misidentified per Holm, 1937: 8)

Hilaira glacialis Kulczyński, 1916: 13, pl. 1, f. 23 (f; misidentified per Holm, 1937: 8)

Hilaira nivalis Holm, 1937: 8, f. 3c, f, i (Dmf) Original description

Arctilaira nivalis Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 127, f. 5E-F, 12A-J, 13A-C (mf, T from Hilaira)

Arctilaira vexatrix (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) | | Russia (Far North-East), Alaska, Canada, Greenland urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010831 TYPE SPECIES

Erigone vexatrix O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877d: 280, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df) Original description

Porrhomma venator Simon, 1884a: 372 (lapsus)

Erigone frigida Lenz, 1897: 74, f. 4 (f; misidentified per Holm, 1937: 7)

Araeoncus ruderalis Sørensen, 1898: 210 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056683]

Notioscopus curvitarsus Sørensen, 1898: 211 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066807]

Arctilaira bellans Chamberlin, 1921c: 40 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056679]

Hilaira whymperi Jackson, 1933: 152, pl. 2, f. 2, 4 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066808]

Hilaira vexatrix Holm, 1937: 7, f. 3a, d, g (m, S of Hilaira whymperi and Notioscopus curvitarsus)

Hilaira vexatrix Holm, 1937: 7 (S of Hilaira curvitarsus)

Hilaira curvitarsis Brændegaard, 1940: 12, f. 7-9 (mf, lapsus, removed from S of Hilaira vexatrix, rejecting Holm, 1937: 7, S of H. whymperi)

Hilaira curvitarsis Brændegaard, 1946: 38 (validity confirmed)

Hilaira vexatrix Holm, 1956: 464, f. 5g-m (f, S of Araeoncus ruderalis, S of Hilaira curvitarsus confirmed)

Hilaira vexatrix Holm, 1960b: 119, f. 20-22 (mf, S of Arctilaira bellans)

Hilaira vexatrix Leech, 1966: 184, f. 45-46 (mf)

Hilaira vexatrix Hormiga, 2000: 41, f. 14J-N, pl. 35A-F, 36A-F, 37A-F (mf)

Hilaira vexatrix Schmidt & Weller, 2008: 173, f. 6 (f)

Hilaira vexatrix Marusik, 2015: 688, f. 12A-C (mf)

Arctilaira vexatrix Tanasevitch & Marusik, 2026: 130, f. 1B, 5A-C, 14A-J, 15A-C (mf, T from Hilaira)