World Spider Catalog

Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: considered a senior synoym of Rhioidae Thorell, 1873 by Simon, 1892a: 241 (by transfer of the type genus); Blabomma and Yorima are transferred from the Dictynidae to the Cybaeidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 606; Argyroneta was transferred from the Cybaeidae to the Dictynidae and Cicurina (as well as Chorizomma and Mastigusa [transferred to the Cybaeidae by Castellucci et al., 2023: 6], which are not explicitely listed by Wheeler et al., 2017) from the Dictynidae to the Hahniidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 607; Cicurinidae are new circumscribed (Bromella, Cicurina and Chorizomma) and elevated to family by Gorneau et al., 2023: 11; Dictynidae were considered not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 515, f. 15-16; Argyronetidae are separated from the Dictynidae by Montana et al., 2025: 9 and include 12 genera, Argyroneta probably represents an own subfamily; Argyronetidae were seperated before (Ono, 2009a: 169, Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii, with the single genus Argyroneta), but this was not accepted; Lathyidae are also separated from the Dictynidae by Montana et al., 2025: 43 and include 10 genera; Dictynidae are redefined by Montana et al., 2025: 79.

Gen. Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04246

type Aranea latens Fabricius, 1775; gender feminine

N.B.: type Aranea latens Fabricius, 1775; removed from the synonymy of Dictyna by Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 135, contra Wunderlich, 1987a: 224 (after Merrett, Locket & Millidge, 1985: 381) and Wunderlich, 2022: 10 (without regarding the type species).

Transferred to other genera:

Brigittea agaetensis (Wunderlich, 1987) -- see Shikibutyna

Brigittea denisi (Lehtinen, 1967) -- see Dictyna

Brigittea guanchae (Schmidt, 1968) -- see Shikibutyna

Brigittea tullgreni Caporiacco, 1949 -- see Dictyna

Brigittea turbida Simon, 1905 -- see Dictyna

Brigittea umai (Tikader, 1966) -- see Pangunus

In synonymy:

Brigittea aharonii (Strand, 1914, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea innocens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea frutetorum (Simon, 1885) = Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1848) (Roewer, 1955c: 1311, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea globiceps (Simon, 1870) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Simon, 1914: 64, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea jacksoni (Bristowe, 1935, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea innocens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea latens mutabilis (Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136)

Brigittea lugubris (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Simon, 1914: 64, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea mandibulosa (Canestrini & Pavesi, 1868, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea puta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea scabra (Simon, 1874) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Simon, 1914: 64, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea varians (Spassky, 1952) = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Esyunin, Ponomarev & Kabdrakhimov, 2024: 319)

Brigittea xinjiangensis Song, Wang & Yang, 1985 = Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) (Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016: 202, sub Brigittea varians)

Brigittea avicenna Zamani & Marusik, 2021 | | Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053369

Brigittea avicenna Zamani & Marusik, 2021d: 97, f. 1A-E, 2A-D, 3A-D (Dmf) Original description

Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1848) | | Europe, North Africa, Turkey. Introduced to South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022267

Theridion civicum Lucas, 1848: 124 (Dmf) Original description

Theridion civicum Lucas, 1850a: 181, pl. 6, f. 5 (mf)

Eucharium civile Simon, 1864: 168 (lapsus)

Dictyna civica Simon, 1874a: 189 (T from Theridion)

Dictyna frutetorum Simon, 1885i: 32 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059059]

Dictyna civica Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 157, pl. 6, f. 28 (mf)

Dictyna civica Banks, 1893a: 124 (S of Dictyna philoteichos, rejected by Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 127, see Emblyna sublata)

Dictyna civica Becker, 1896: 219, pl. 14, f. 5 (mf)

Dictyna civica frutetorum Simon, 1911b: 284 (reduced to subspecies)

Dictyna civica Simon, 1914: 55, 57, 64, f. 111, 119 (mf)

Dictyna civica Schenkel, 1927b: 234, f. 1 (f)

Dictyna civica Drensky, 1940: 183, f. 18 (mf)

Dictyna civica Wiehle, 1953: 94, f. 204-210 (mf)

Dictyna civica Roewer, 1955c: 1311 (S of Dictyna frutetorum)

Dictyna civica Billaudelle, 1957: 475, f. 10, 20-25 (mf)

Brigittea civica Lehtinen, 1967: 219 (T from Dictyna)

Dictyna civica Loksa, 1969: 43, f. 26G, 28A-B, 32D-E (mf)

Brigittea civica Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 9, pl. IV, f. 7-10, pl. V, f. 1 (mf)

Dictyna civica Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 376, f. 982 (mf)

Dictyna civica Roberts, 1995: 85, f. (mf)

Dictyna civica Melic, 1995a: 9, f. 1-4 (mf)

Dictyna civica Roberts, 1998: 87, f. (mf)

Dictyna civica Thaler, 2005: 163, f. 5-6, 8 (f)

Brigittea civica Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea civica Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020n: 8, p. 7: 2 f., p. 8: 4 f. (f, m habitus)

Brigittea civica de Blas, 2024a: 113, f. 2a-d, 3b, e-f, 4c-d, 5c-d (mf)

Brigittea civica Lecigne, Moutaouakil & Lips, 2025: 130, f. 72F-G (f)

Brigittea colona (Simon, 1906) | | New Caledonia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022268

Dictyna colona Simon, 1906b: 303 (Df) Original description

Dictyna colona Lehtinen, 1967: 453, f. 339 (f, possibly Brigittea)

Brigittea colona Montana et al., 2025: 81 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea innocens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | | Spain, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, Israel, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022291

Dictyna innocens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 262 (Df) Original description

Dictyna innocens Kulczyński, 1911a: 13, pl. 1, f. 3 (f)

Dictyna aharonii Strand, 1914b: 174 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059052]

Dictyna jacksoni Bristowe, 1935: 778, f. 1-3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059053]

Dictyna jacksoni Hadjissarantos, 1940: 49, f. 16-17 (f, Dm)

Brigittea innocens Lehtinen, 1967: 219, f. 309, 323 (mf, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna aharonii and D. jacksoni)

Dictyna innocens IJland, van Helsdingen & Miller, 2012: 5, f. 4-5 (mf; misidentifed per Lecigne, 2021: 14, probably Brigittea varians)

Brigittea innocens Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea civica Zamani & Mozaffarian, 2017: 10, f. 2 (f; misidentified per Zamani, Nadolny & Dolejš, 2022: 570)

Brigittea innocens Lecigne, 2021a: 13, f. 4a-i, 5a-h, 6a-e (mf)

Brigittea innocens Seropian et al., 2024a: 94, f. 9 (f)

Brigittea innocens de Blas, 2024a: 113, f. 1a-d, 3a, c-d, 4a-b, 5a-b (mf)

Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) | | Europe, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022296 TYPE SPECIES

Aranea latens Fabricius, 1775: 432 (D) Original description

Aranea latens Olivier, 1789: 233 (D)

Dictyna latens C. L. Koch, 1836a: 29, f. 186 (Df)

Theridion latens Walckenaer, 1841: 340 (Dm)

Ergatis latens Blackwall, 1841a: 608

Argus latens Walckenaer, 1847a: 501

Ergatis latens Blackwall, 1861a: 149, pl. 9, f. 95 (f)

Dictyna mandibulosa Canestrini & Pavesi, 1868: 861 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059054]

Dictyna globiceps Simon, 1870b: 300 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059056]

Dictyna puta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 261 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059055]

Dictyna globiceps Simon, 1873a: 169, pl. 1, f. 24-25 (m)

Dictyna lugubris O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873g: 535, pl. 14, f. 4 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059057]

Dictyna scabra Simon, 1874a: 195 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059058]

Dictyna globiceps Simon, 1892a: 231, f. 182-183 (m)

Dictyna latens Becker, 1896: 222, pl. 14, f. 7 (mf)

Dictyna ammophila Bösenberg, 1902: 242, pl. 22, f. 346 (mf; misidentified per Simon, 1914: 64)

Dictyna kosziorowiczi Bösenberg, 1902: 242, pl. 22, f. 347 (m; misidentified per Simon, 1914: 64)

Dictyna latens Simon, 1914: 52, 64, f. 104 (mf, S of Dictyna globiceps, D. lugubris and D. scabra)

Dictyna latens mutabilis Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937: 268 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046914]

Dictyna latens Drensky, 1940: 180, f. 12 (mf)

Dictyna latens Miller, 1947: 32, pl. I, f. 8 (f)

Dictyna latens Locket & Millidge, 1951: 62, f. 25A, C (mf)

Dictyna varians Spassky, 1952: 202, f. 4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022350]

Dictyna latens Wiehle, 1953: 91, f. 198-203 (mf)

Dictyna latens Brændegaard, 1966: 52, f. 44-45 (mf)

Brigittea latens Lehtinen, 1967: 219, f. 297, 301, 308, 311 (mf, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna kosiorowiczi, D. mandibulosa, D. puta and D. varians; D. kosiorowiczi revalidated by Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982: 84; D. varians revalidated by Brignoli, 1983c: 511 and re-synymized by Esyunin, Ponomarev & Kabdrakhimov, 2024: 319)

Dictyna latens Azheganova, 1968: 45, f. 72-73 (mf)

Dictyna latens Loksa, 1969: 43, f. 24H, 27D, 33A-B (mf)

Dictyna latens Tystshenko, 1971: 65, f. 97 (m)

Dictyna latens Miller, 1971: 68, pl. IV, f. 14 (m)

Brigittea latens Punda, 1975b: 23, f. 20, 24 (mf)

Dictyna latens Palmgren, 1977a: 21, f. 2.16-20 (mf)

Brigittea latens Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 9, pl. IV, f. 1-6 (mf)

Brigittea varians Brignoli, 1983c: 511 (removed from S of Brigittea latens, contra Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Dictyna latens Roberts, 1985: 50, f. 14e (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Song, Wang & Yang, 1985: 23, f. 4-7 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022357]

Dictyna xinjiangensis Song, 1987: 78, f. 42 (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989: 69, f. 51.1-4 (mf)

Dictyna latens Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 374, f. 973 (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Zhao, 1993: 153, f. 72a-c (mf)

Dictyna latens Roberts, 1995: 85, f. (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Zhao, 1995: 868, f. 408a-c (mf)

Dictyna latens Roberts, 1998: 87, f. (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 364, f. 215A-B, J-K (mf)

Dictyna latens Almquist, 2007: 313, f. 273a-g (mf)

Brigittea latens Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136, f. 31-36, 40-42 (m, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna latens mutabilis)

Dictyna latens Davidson, 2015: 24, unnumbered f. (mf)

Brigittea varians Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016: 202, f. 15-16 (f, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna xinjiangensis)

Brigittea latens Breitling, 2020: 341, f. 7A (m)

Brigittea latens Esyunin, Ponomarev & Kabdrakhimov, 2024: 319, f. 2-5 (f, S of Brigittea varians, contra Brignoli, 1983c: 511, confirming Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea vicina (Simon, 1873) | | Mediterranean to Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022351

Dictyna vicina Simon, 1873a: 148 (Dmf) Original description

Dictyna innocens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 555 (m; misidentified per Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Dictyna vicina Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 157, pl. 6, f. 27 (mf)

Dictyna vicina Simon, 1914: 55, 57, 64, f. 110, 118 (mf)

Dictyna vicina Drensky, 1940: 182, f. 17 (mf)

Brigittea vicina Lehtinen, 1967: 219 (T from Dictyna)

Dictyna vicina Loksa, 1969: 46, f. 26E, 29E-F, 33F-G (mf)

Dictyna vicina Miller, 1971: 70, pl. IV, f. 21 (m)

Brigittea vicina Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 9, pl. V, f. 2-6 (mf)

Brigittea vicina Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea vicina Mezőfi & Markó, 2018: 2, f. 2a-b (f)