World Spider Catalog

Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: Blabomma and Yorima are transferred from the Dictynidae to the Cybaeidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 606; Argyroneta is transferred from the Cybaeidae to the Dictynidae and Cicurina (as well as Chorizomma and Mastigusa [transferred to the Cybaeidae by Castellucci et al., 2023: 6], which are not explicitely listed by Wheeler et al., 2017) from Dictynidae to Hahniidae by Wheeler et al., 2017: 607; Cicurinidae new circumscribed (Bromella, Cicurina and Chorizomma) and elevated to family by Gorneau et al., 2023: 11; included genera of Dictynidae listed by Gorneau et al., 2023: 12; re-separation of Argyronetidae (Ono, 2009a: 169, Murphy & Roberts, 2015: viii, with the single genus Argyroneta) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; considering the low bootstrap values of dichotomies in the families Agelenidae, Cybaidae, Hahniidae, Toxopidae and Dictynidae (see Wheeler et al., 2017) the proposed positon of Argyroneta is far from certain (e.g. Ono & Ogata, 2018: 618); we reflect the transfer here and state that Argyronetidae Thorell, 1869: 45 has priority under ICZN; we suggest to wait for a stable family placement and naming before a nomenclatorial action at the family name level is done; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 515, f. 15-16.

Gen. Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04246

N.B.: type Aranea latens Fabricius, 1775; removed from the synonymy of Dictyna by Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 135, contra Wunderlich, 1987a: 224 (after Merrett, Locket & Millidge, 1985: 381) and Wunderlich, 2022: 10 (without regarding the type species).

Transferred to other genera:

Brigittea agaetensis (Wunderlich, 1987) -- see Dictyna

Brigittea denisi (Lehtinen, 1967) -- see Dictyna

Brigittea guanchae (Schmidt, 1968) -- see Dictyna

Brigittea tullgreni Caporiacco, 1949 -- see Dictyna

Brigittea turbida Simon, 1905 -- see Dictyna

Brigittea umai Tikader, 1966 -- see Dictyna

In synonymy:

Brigittea aharonii (Strand, 1914, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea innocens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea frutetorum (Simon, 1885) = Brigittea civica Lucas, 1848 (Roewer, 1955c: 1311, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea globiceps (Simon, 1870) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Simon, 1914: 64, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea jacksoni (Bristowe, 1935, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea innocens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea latens mutabilis (Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136)

Brigittea lugubris (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Simon, 1914: 64, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea mandibulosa (Canestrini & Pavesi, 1868, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea puta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, T from Dictyna) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea scabra (Simon, 1874) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Simon, 1914: 64, sub Dictyna)

Brigittea varians (Spassky, 1952) = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Esyunin, Ponomarev & Kabdrakhimov, 2024: 319)

Brigittea xinjiangensis Song, Wang & Yang, 1985 = Brigittea latens Fabricius, 1775 (Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016: 202, sub Brigittea varians)

Brigittea avicenna Zamani & Marusik, 2021 | | Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053369

Brigittea avicenna Zamani & Marusik, 2021d: 97, f. 1A-E, 2A-D, 3A-D (Dmf) Original description

Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1848) | | Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Iran. Introduced to South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022267

Theridion civicum Lucas, 1848: 124 (Dmf) Original description

Theridion civicum Lucas, 1850a: 181, pl. 6, f. 5 (mf)

Eucharium civile Simon, 1864: 168 (lapsus)

Dictyna civica Simon, 1874a: 189 (T from Theridion)

Dictyna frutetorum Simon, 1885i: 32 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059059]

Dictyna civica Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 157, pl. 6, f. 28 (mf)

Dictyna civica Banks, 1893a: 124 (S of Dictyna philoteichos, rejected by Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958: 127, see Emblyna sublata)

Dictyna civica Becker, 1896: 219, pl. 14, f. 5 (mf)

Dictyna civica frutetorum Simon, 1911b: 284 (reduced to subspecies)

Dictyna civica Simon, 1914: 55, 57, 64, f. 111, 119 (mf)

Dictyna civica Schenkel, 1927b: 234, f. 1 (f)

Dictyna civica Drensky, 1940: 183, f. 18 (mf)

Dictyna civica Wiehle, 1953: 94, f. 204-210 (mf)

Dictyna civica Roewer, 1955c: 1311 (S of Dictyna frutetorum)

Dictyna civica Billaudelle, 1957: 475, f. 10, 20-25 (mf)

Brigittea civica Lehtinen, 1967: 219 (T from Dictyna)

Dictyna civica Loksa, 1969: 43, f. 26G, 28A-B, 32D-E (mf)

Brigittea civica Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 9, pl. IV, f. 7-10, pl. V, f. 1 (mf)

Dictyna civica Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 376, f. 982 (mf)

Dictyna civica Roberts, 1995: 85, f. (mf)

Dictyna civica Melic, 1995a: 9, f. 1-4 (mf)

Dictyna civica Roberts, 1998: 87, f. (mf)

Dictyna civica Thaler, 2005: 163, f. 5-6, 8 (f)

Brigittea civica Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea civica Zamani & Mozaffarian, 2017: 10, f. 2 (f)

Brigittea civica Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020n: 8, p. 7: 2 f., p. 8: 4 f. (f, m habitus)

Brigittea innocens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | | Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, Israel, Egypt, Georgia, Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022291

Dictyna innocens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 262 (Df) Original description

Dictyna innocens Kulczyński, 1911a: 13, pl. 1, f. 3 (f)

Dictyna aharonii Strand, 1914b: 174 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059052]

Dictyna jacksoni Bristowe, 1935: 778, f. 1-3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059053]

Dictyna jacksoni Hadjissarantos, 1940: 49, f. 16-17 (f, Dm)

Brigittea innocens Lehtinen, 1967: 219, f. 309, 323 (mf, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna aharonii and D. jacksoni)

Dictyna innocens IJland, van Helsdingen & Miller, 2012: 5, f. 4-5 (mf; misidentifed per Lecigne, 2021: 14, probably Brigittea varians)

Brigittea innocens Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea innocens Lecigne, 2021a: 13, f. 4a-i, 5a-h, 6a-e (mf)

Brigittea innocens Seropian et al., 2024: 94, f. 9 (f)

Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775) | | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022296

Aranea latens Fabricius, 1775: 432 (D) Original description

Aranea latens Olivier, 1789: 233 (D)

Dictyna latens C. L. Koch, 1836a: 29, f. 186 (Df)

Theridion latens Walckenaer, 1841: 340 (Dm)

Ergatis latens Blackwall, 1841a: 608

Argus latens Walckenaer, 1847a: 501

Ergatis latens Blackwall, 1861a: 149, pl. 9, f. 95 (f)

Dictyna mandibulosa Canestrini & Pavesi, 1868: 861 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059054]

Dictyna globiceps Simon, 1870b: 300 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059056]

Dictyna puta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 261 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059055]

Dictyna globiceps Simon, 1873a: 169, pl. 1, f. 24-25 (m)

Dictyna lugubris O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873g: 535, pl. 14, f. 4 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059057]

Dictyna scabra Simon, 1874a: 195 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059058]

Dictyna globiceps Simon, 1892a: 231, f. 182-183 (m)

Dictyna latens Becker, 1896: 222, pl. 14, f. 7 (mf)

Dictyna ammophila Bösenberg, 1902: 242, pl. 22, f. 346 (mf; misidentified per Simon, 1914: 64)

Dictyna kosziorowiczi Bösenberg, 1902: 242, pl. 22, f. 347 (m; misidentified per Simon, 1914: 64)

Dictyna latens Simon, 1914: 52, 64, f. 104 (mf, S of Dictyna globiceps, D. lugubris and D. scabra)

Dictyna latens mutabilis Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937: 268 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046914]

Dictyna latens Drensky, 1940: 180, f. 12 (mf)

Dictyna latens Miller, 1947: 32, pl. I, f. 8 (f)

Dictyna latens Locket & Millidge, 1951: 62, f. 25A, C (mf)

Dictyna varians Spassky, 1952: 202, f. 4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022350]

Dictyna latens Wiehle, 1953: 91, f. 198-203 (mf)

Dictyna latens Brændegaard, 1966: 52, f. 44-45 (mf)

Brigittea latens Lehtinen, 1967: 219, f. 297, 301, 308, 311 (mf, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna kosiorowiczi, D. mandibulosa, D. puta and D. varians; D. kosiorowiczi revalidated by Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982: 84; D. varians revalidated by Brignoli, 1983c: 511 and re-synymized by Esyunin, Ponomarev & Kabdrakhimov, 2024: 319)

Dictyna latens Azheganova, 1968: 45, f. 72-73 (mf)

Dictyna latens Loksa, 1969: 43, f. 24H, 27D, 33A-B (mf)

Dictyna latens Tystshenko, 1971: 65, f. 97 (m)

Dictyna latens Miller, 1971: 68, pl. IV, f. 14 (m)

Brigittea latens Punda, 1975b: 23, f. 20, 24 (mf)

Dictyna latens Palmgren, 1977a: 21, f. 2.16-20 (mf)

Brigittea latens Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 9, pl. IV, f. 1-6 (mf)

Brigittea varians Brignoli, 1983c: 511 (removed from S of Brigittea latens, contra Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Dictyna latens Roberts, 1985: 50, f. 14e (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Song, Wang & Yang, 1985: 23, f. 4-7 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022357]

Dictyna xinjiangensis Song, 1987: 78, f. 42 (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989: 69, f. 51.1-4 (mf)

Dictyna latens Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 374, f. 973 (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Zhao, 1993: 153, f. 72a-c (mf)

Dictyna latens Roberts, 1995: 85, f. (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Zhao, 1995: 868, f. 408a-c (mf)

Dictyna latens Roberts, 1998: 87, f. (mf)

Dictyna xinjiangensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 364, f. 215A-B, J-K (mf)

Dictyna latens Almquist, 2006: 313, f. 273a-g (mf)

Brigittea latens Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136, f. 31-36, 40-42 (m, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna latens mutabilis)

Dictyna latens Davidson, 2015: 24, unnumbered f. (mf)

Brigittea varians Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016: 202, f. 15-16 (f, T from Dictyna, S of Dictyna xinjiangensis)

Brigittea latens Breitling, 2020: 341, f. 7A (m)

Brigittea latens Esyunin, Ponomarev & Kabdrakhimov, 2024: 319, f. 2-5 (f, S of Brigittea varians, contra Brignoli, 1983c: 511, confirming Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Brigittea vicina (Simon, 1873) | | Mediterranean to Central Asia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:022351

Dictyna vicina Simon, 1873a: 148 (Dmf) Original description

Dictyna innocens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 555 (m; misidentified per Lehtinen, 1967: 219)

Dictyna vicina Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 157, pl. 6, f. 27 (mf)

Dictyna vicina Simon, 1914: 55, 57, 64, f. 110, 118 (mf)

Dictyna vicina Drensky, 1940: 182, f. 17 (mf)

Brigittea vicina Lehtinen, 1967: 219 (T from Dictyna)

Dictyna vicina Loksa, 1969: 46, f. 26E, 29E-F, 33F-G (mf)

Dictyna vicina Miller, 1971: 70, pl. IV, f. 21 (m)

Brigittea vicina Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 9, pl. V, f. 2-6 (mf)

Brigittea vicina Marusik, Esyunin & Tuneva, 2015: 136 (T from Dictyna)

Brigittea vicina Mezőfi & Markó, 2018: 2, f. 2a-b (f)