World Spider Catalog

Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Hadrotarsidae Thorell, 1881 (removed from the synonymy of Oonopidae by Roewer, 1963a: 122, contra Roewer, 1942a: 287) by Forster, Platnick & Coddington, 1990: 111 (after Wunderlich, 1978a: 25 and Wunderlich, 1986: 95, contra Baert, 1984a: 615 and Davies, 1985: 67), who recognized an expanded Hadrotarsinae as well as a separate subfamily Spintharinae.

Gen. Rugathodes Archer, 1950 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00716

N.B.: originally described as a subgenus of Theridion Walckenaer, 1805; removed from the synonymy of Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 and elevated to genus by Wunderlich, 1987a: 213, contra Levi, 1957a: 19.

In synonymy:

Rugathodes lowriei (Barrows, 1945) = Rugathodes aurantius Emerton, 1915 (Levi, 1980b: 336, sub Theridion)

Rugathodes marxi (Keyserling, 1884) = Rugathodes sexpunctatus Emerton, 1882 (Banks, 1910: 20, sub Theridium)

Rugathodes acoreensis Wunderlich, 1992 | | Azores urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007999

Rugathodes acoreensis Wunderlich, 1992a: 415, f. 584-588 (Dmf) Original description

Rugathodes acoreensis Wunderlich, 1993c: 684, f. 7c (m)

Rugathodes acoreensis Wunderlich, 2008b: 394, f. 565-568 (mf)

Rugathodes acoreensis Wunderlich, 2008h: 771, f. 9 (m)

Rugathodes aurantius (Emerton, 1915) | | Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008000

Theridion aurantium Emerton, 1915a: 136, pl. 1, f. 2 (Df) Original description

Theridion lowriei Barrows, 1945: 72, pl. I, f. 5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061218]

Theridion (R.) aurantium Archer, 1950: 24

Theridion aurantium Levi, 1951: 3, f. 10 (f)

Theridion aurantium Levi & Field, 1954: 444, f. 7-8 (mf)

Theridion aurantium Levi, 1957a: 93, f. 337-339, 350-352 (mf)

Theridion lowriei Levi, 1957a: 98, f. 353 (f)

Theridion aurantium Levi, 1980b: 336 (S of Theridion lowriei)

Rugathodes aurantius Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 219, f. 2453-2455 (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosus (Simon, 1873) | | Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008001

Theridium bellicosum Simon, 1873a: 106 (Dm) Original description

Theridion bellicosum Jackson, 1914: 123, pl. 2, f. 7, 9, 11, 14 (m)

Theridion instabile bellicosum Simon, 1914: 256, 294, f. 508 (m)

Theridion bellicosum Wiehle, 1937: 144, f. 52-59, 62a, c (m, Df)

Theridium bellicosum Tullgren, 1949: 36, f. 1 (f)

Theridion (R.) bellicosum Archer, 1950: 24

Theridion bellicosum Locket & Millidge, 1953: 79, f. 51B, D, G-H (mf)

Theridion bellicosum Brændegaard, 1958: 29, f. 19 (f)

Enoplognatha bellicosa Denis, 1962a: 67

Theridion bellicosum Waaler, 1966: 183, f. 1 (f)

Theridium bellicosum Tystshenko, 1971: 147, f. 439 (f)

Enoplognatha bellicosum Miller, 1971: 190, pl. XXXIII, f. 4-5 (f)

Theridion bellicosum Palmgren, 1974b: 22, f. 4.10-14 (mf)

Theridion bellicosum Roberts, 1985: 188, f. 84b (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosum Wunderlich, 1987a: 214 (Tmf from Theridion)

Theridion bellicosum Izmailova, 1989: 90, f. 70 (f)

Theridion bellicosum Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 300, f. 804 (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosus Kronestedt, 1993b: 111, f. 2 (f)

Rugathodes bellicosum Wunderlich, 1993c: 684, f. 7a (m)

Theridion bellicosum Roberts, 1995: 288, f. (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosus Esyunin & Efimik, 1995: 75, f. 2-3 (f)

Rugathodes bellicosus Agnarsson, 1996: 53, f. 36A-B (mf)

Theridion bellicosum Roberts, 1998: 302, f. (mf)

Theridion bellicosum Hu, 2001: 578, f. 390.1-3 (f)

Rugathodes bellicosus Knoflach & Pfaller, 2004: 142, f. 24e (f)

Rugathodes bellicosus Trotta, 2005: 176, f. 464-465 (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosus Almquist, 2005: 86, f. 109a-g (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosus Jäger, 2006d: 4, f. 1-4a-g (f)

Rugathodes bellicosus Agnarsson, Coddington & Knoflach, 2007: 374, f. 139-144 (m)

Theridion bellicosum Le Peru, 2011: 474, f. 805 (mf)

Rugathodes bellicosus Vanuytven, 2021: 249, f. B.266b, B.267 (m)

Rugathodes bellicosus Zamani et al., 2021b: 293, f. 11K-L (f)

Rugathodes instabilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) | | Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008002

Theridion instabile O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871a: 416, pl. 55, f. 14 (Dmf) Original description

Phyllonethis instabilis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879d: 95

Theridion lepidum Simon, 1881a: 64 (misidentified per Simon, 1914: 294, not Walckenaer, 1802, see Enoplognatha ovata)

Theridion lepidum Becker, 1896: (2): 85, pl. 16, f. 2 (mf; refers e.g. to Simon, 1881a: 64, therefore listed here)

Theridion lepidum Lessert, 1910b: 98, f. 79-80 (mf; misidentified per Simon, 1914: 294)

Theridion instabile Jackson, 1914: 122, pl. 2, f. 8, 10, 12-13 (mf)

Theridion instabile Simon, 1914: 256, 294, f. 507 (mf)

Theridion instabile Wiehle, 1937: 146, f. 59, 60b, d, 61-62 (mf)

Theridion (Rugathodes) instabile Archer, 1950: 24

Theridion instabile Locket & Millidge, 1953: 77, f. 51A, C, E-F (mf)

Theridion instabile Tystshenko, 1971: 147, f. 421 (f)

Theridion instabile Roberts, 1985: 188, f. 84a (mf)

Theridion instabile Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 300, f. 803 (mf)

Rugathodes instabilis Kronestedt, 1993b: 111, f. 1 (f)

Theridion instabile Roberts, 1995: 287, f. (mf)

Theridion instabile Roberts, 1998: 302, f. (mf)

Rugathodes instabilis Trotta, 2005: 176, f. 462-463 (mf)

Rugathodes instabilis Almquist, 2005: 87, f. 110a (f)

Rugathodes instabilis Jäger, 2006d: 4, f. 1-4f-g (m)

Theridion instabile Le Peru, 2011: 479, f. 825 (mf)

Rugathodes madeirensis Wunderlich, 1987 | | Madeira urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008003

Rugathodes madeirense Wunderlich, 1987a: 213, f. 566-569 (Dmf) Original description

Rugathodes madeirensis Wunderlich, 1993c: 684, f. 7b (m)

Rugathodes minioculatus Wunderlich, 2022 | | Canary Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053731

Rugathodes minioculatus Wunderlich, 2022: 8, f. 1-3 (Df) Original description

Rugathodes nigrolimbatus (Yaginuma, 1972) | | Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008556

Theridion nigrolimbatum Yaginuma, 1972c: 22, f. 1-5 (Dmf) Original description

Theridion nigrolimbatum Yaginuma, 1986a: 37, f. 20.6 (mf)

Theridion nigrolimbatum Chikuni, 1989b: 45, f. 66 (mf)

Rugathodes nigrolimbata Yoshida, 2001c: 173, f. 56-59 (mf, T from Theridion)

Rugathodes nigrolimbata Yoshida, 2003a: 99, f. 243-246 (mf)

Rugathodes nigrolimbata Yoshida, 2009b: 372, f. 159-162 (mf)

Rugathodes pico (Merrett & Ashmole, 1989) | | Azores urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008004

Theridion pico Merrett & Ashmole, 1989: 51, f. 1-8 (Dmf) Original description

Rugathodes pico Wunderlich, 1992a: 417, f. 590-594 (mf, T from Theridion)

Rugathodes pico Wunderlich, 1993c: 684, f. 7c (m)

Rugathodes pico Wunderlich, 2008b: 394, f. 569 (m)

Rugathodes sexpunctatus (Emerton, 1882) | | Russia (Commander Is.), Alaska, Canada, USA. Introduced to Britain urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008005

Theridion sexpunctatum Emerton, 1882: 12, pl. 2, f. 5 (Dmf) Original description

Theridium marxii Keyserling, 1884a: 68, pl. 3, f. 41 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061219]

Theridium marxii Keyserling, 1886b: 231, pl. 20, f. 285 (Dm)

Theridium sexpunctatum Banks, 1910: 20 (S of Theridion marxi)

Theridion sexpunctatum Emerton, 1915a: 137, pl. 1, f. 3 (m)

Theridion (R.) sexpunctatum Archer, 1950: 24, pl. III, f. 7 (m)

Theridion sexpunctatum Levi & Field, 1954: 444, f. 5, 9-10 (mf)

Theridion sexpunctatum Levi, 1957a: 91, f. 340-349 (mf)

Theridion sexpunctatum Kaston, 1977: 16, f. 9-10 (f)

Rugathodes sexpunctatus Wunderlich, 1987a: 213

Rugathodes sexpunctatus Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 220, f. 2456-2458 (mf)

Rugathodes sexpunctatus Breuss, 2009: 307, f. 17 (f)

Rugathodes sexpunctatus Davidson & Merrett, 2014: 113, f. 1-10 (mf)