World Spider Catalog

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on relationships, see Michalik & Hormiga, 2010: 7; re-synonymization of Pimoidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; Sinopimoidae Li & Wunderlich, 2008 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0112] synonymyized with Linyphiidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 245; resurrection of Sinopimoidae by Wunderlich, 2020b: 20 is not accepted here, because Dimitrov et al., 2017 was not taken into account; re-elevation of Sinopimoidae to family level by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 343 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); the current status of Sinopimoidae is also maintained for reasons of stability and we wait for a probable confirmation or rejection of this resurrection; other subfamilies are Erigoninae Emerton, 1882: 7 and Mynogleninae Lehtinen, 1967: 250.

Gen. Improphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01028

N.B.: the synonymy with Oryphantes Hull, 1932, proposed by Breitling, 2019b: 30 and Breitling, 2021: 21, is not accepted here as it is based mainly on COI (see FAQ 7).

In synonymy:

Improphantes albipes (Bösenberg, 1902, T from Lophomma) = Improphantes nitidus Thorell, 1875 (Wunderlich, 1973b: 422, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes audax (Sørensen, 1898) = Improphantes complicatus Emerton, 1882 (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 58, sub Lepthyphantes umbraticola)

Improphantes beticus (Denis, 1957, T from Lepthyphantes) = Improphantes improbulus Simon, 1929 (Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177)

Improphantes cacuminum (Jackson, 1914) = Improphantes complicatus Emerton, 1882 (Bristowe, 1939: 96, sub Lepthyphantes audax)

Improphantes heathi (Chamberlin, 1921, T from Microneta) = Improphantes complicatus Emerton, 1882 (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 58, sub Lepthyphantes umbraticola)

Improphantes hyperboreus (Strand, 1911) = Improphantes complicatus Emerton, 1882 (Holm, 1958b: 57, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes kochi (Kulczyński, 1898) = Improphantes nitidus Thorell, 1875 (Moritz, 1973: 177, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes montanouralensis (Esyunin & Efimik, 1991) = Improphantes improbulus Simon, 1929 (Esyunin & Efimik, 1999: 230)

Improphantes parallelogrammus (Simon, 1884) = Improphantes decolor Westring, 1861 (Moritz, 1968: 400, sub Lepthyphantes zebrinus)

Improphantes spelaeomoravicus (Kratochvíl & Miller, 1940) = Improphantes improbulus Simon, 1929 (Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 15, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes umbraticola (Keyserling, 1886) = Improphantes complicatus Emerton, 1882 (Holm, 1958b: 57, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes wiehlei (von Broen, 1965) = Improphantes geniculatus Kulczyński, 1898 (von Broen, 1966: 177, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes zebrinus (Menge, 1866) = Improphantes decolor Westring, 1861 (Kronestedt, 1975b: 165, sub Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes biconicus (Tanasevitch, 1992) | | Russia (Far East), Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010892

Lepthyphantes biconicus Tanasevitch, 1992: 48, f. 5f-i (Dm) Original description

Improphantes biconicus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes biconicus Ono, Matsuda & Saito, 2009: 330, f. 1069-1071 (m)

Improphantes biconicus Omelko & Marusik, 2021: 249, f. 28-30 (m)

Improphantes breviscapus Tanasevitch, 2013 | | Israel urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:045836

Improphantes breviscapus Tanasevitch, 2013a: 110, f. 17-23 (Dmf) Original description

Improphantes complicatus (Emerton, 1882) | | North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010893

Bathyphantes complicata Emerton, 1882: 72, pl. 24, f. 8 (Dm) Original description

Erigone umbraticola Keyserling, 1886b: 195, pl. 18, f. 255 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060571]

Linyphia complicata Marx, 1890a: 527

Bathyphantes complicatus Banks, 1892a: 45, pl. 4, f. 26 (m)

Lepthyphantes audax Sørensen, 1898: 196 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060563]

Lepthyphantes hyperboreus Strand, 1911c: 281 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060566]

Leptyphantes cacuminum Jackson, 1914: 118, pl. 2, f. 1-6 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060574]

Microneta heathi Chamberlin, 1921c: 41, pl. 4, f. 13 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060565]

Lepthyphantes audax Brændegaard, 1932: 12, f. 1 (f)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Zorsch, 1937: 881, pl. 4, f. 55-57 (m, Df)

Lepthyphantes audax Bristowe, 1939: 96 (S of Lepthyphantes cacuminum)

Lepthyphantes audax Brændegaard, 1946: 29, f. 14-15 (mf)

Lepthyphantes umbraticolus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 58 (T from Erigone, S of Lepthyphantes audax and Microneta heathi)

Lepthyphantes audax Locket & Millidge, 1953: 394, f. 234A, 235E (mf)

Erigone umbraticola Roewer, 1955c: 1503 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Holm, 1958b: 57 (S of Lepthyphantes hyperboreus and L. umbraticola)

Lepthyphantes umbraticola Wanless, 1971: 24, f. 4C-D, 7D (f, L. audax in one legend)

Lepthyphantes umbraticola Wanless, 1973: 131, f. III.2, VIII.14 (f)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Palmgren, 1975: 63, f. 13.15-18 (mf)

Lepthyphantes audax Pakhorukov & Utochkin, 1977b: 909, f. 6-7 (f)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Pakhorukov, 1981: 75, f. 11 (m)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Wozny, 1982: 399, f. 1-4 (mf)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Thaler, 1983a: 141, f. 45-46, 51-53 (mf)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Thaler, 1986c: 316, f. 4, 11-12 (m)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Roberts, 1987: 152, f. 80e (mf)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 196, f. 536 (mf)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Wunderlich, 1995e: 486, f. 25 (f)

Lepthyphantes complicatus Agnarsson, 1996: 149, f. 167C (mf)

Improphantes complicatus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 11B (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes complicatus Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 139, f. 1535-1537 (mf)

Improphantes complicatus Merrett, 2004b: 20, f. 3 (m)

Improphantes complicatus Marusik, 2015: 688, f. 14K-M (mf)

Improphantes contus Tanasevitch & Piterkina, 2007 | | Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041283

Improphantes contus Tanasevitch & Piterkina, 2007: 24, f. 1-8 (Dmf) Original description

Improphantes cypriot Tanasevitch, 2011 | | Cyprus urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043961

Improphantes cypriot Tanasevitch, 2011b: 67, f. 59-64 (Dm) Original description

Improphantes cypriot Bosmans et al., 2019b: 18, f. 9a-f, 10a-b (m, Df)

Improphantes decolor (Westring, 1861) | | Europe, North Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010894

Linyphia decolor Westring, 1861: 131 (Dm) Original description

Bathyphantes zebrinus Menge, 1866: 113, pl. 20, f. 39 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060573]

Linyphia zebrina Thorell, 1873: 558

Lepthyphantes parallelogrammus Simon, 1884a: 315, f. 82-83 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060569]

Lepthyphantes decolor Simon, 1884a: 329

Lepthyphantes zebrinus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891: 74, pl. 2, f. 1 (mf)

Bathyphantes zebrinus Bösenberg, 1901: 87, pl. 7, f. 100 (mf)

Lepthyphantes zebrinus Kulczyński, 1905a: 538, 553, pl. 19, f. 19, 21-22 (mf)

Lepthyphantes parallelogrammus Simon, 1929: 601, 737, f. 915 (mf)

Lepthyphantes zebrinus Moritz, 1968: 400, f. 1-12 (mf, S of Lepthyphantes parallelogrammus)

Troglohyphantes decolor Holm, 1968a: 196, f. 20-22 (mf, T from Lepthyphantes)

Lepthyphantes decolor Palmgren, 1975: 65, f. 10.13-16 (mf)

Lepthyphantes decolor Kronestedt, 1975b: 165 (T from Troglohyphantes, S of Lepthyphantes zebrinus)

Troglohyphantes decolor Staręga, 1976: 272, f. 2-5 (mf)

Lepthyphantes decolor Bosmans, 1985a: 153, f. 6d-f (f)

Lepthyphantes decolor Thaler, 1986c: 322, f. 31-35, 39-46 (mf)

Lepthyphantes decolor Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 192, f. 527 (mf)

Improphantes decolor Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 5B, 11G (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes decolor Saaristo in Marusik & Koponen, 2008a: 8, pl. 1 (m)

Improphantes djazairi (Bosmans, 1985) | | Algeria urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011148

Lepthyphantes djazairi Bosmans, 1985a: 150, f. 10d-e (Df) Original description

Lepthyphantes djazairi Bosmans & Bouragba, 1992: 258, f. 23-27 (f, Dm)

Improphantes djazairi Bosmans, 2006b: 181 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes falcatus (Bosmans, 1979) | | Kenya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010895

Lepthyphantes falcatus Bosmans, 1979: 85, f. 9a-k, 12d-e (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes falcatus Russell-Smith & Jocqué, 1986: 448, f. 25 (f)

Improphantes falcatus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes flexilis (Tanasevitch, 1986) | | Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010896

Lepthyphantes flexilis Tanasevitch, 1986: 162, f. 85-88 (Dm) Original description

Lepthyphantes sibiricus Tanasevitch, 1986: 160, f. 82-84 (f; misidentified per Eskov, 1988e: 105)

Improphantes flexilis Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 11C (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes furcabilis (Wunderlich, 1987) | | Canary Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010897

Lepthyphantes furcabilis Wunderlich, 1987a: 158, f. 426-431 (Dmf) Original description

Improphantes furcabilis Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes geniculatus (Kulczyński, 1898) | | Germany to Russia (West Siberia) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010898

Lepthyphantes geniculatus Kulczyński, 1898: 85, pl. 2, f. 57-58 (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes geniculatus Miller & Valešová, 1964: 182, pl. I, f. 1-3 (m)

Lepthyphantes wiehlei von Broen, 1965a: 81, f. 1-6 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060572]

Lepthyphantes geniculatus von Broen, 1966: 177, f. 107 (f, S of Lepthyphantes wiehlei)

Lepthyphantes geniculatus Miller, 1971: 228, pl. LXI, f. 25, pl. LXII, f. 25-26 (mf)

Lepthyphantes geniculatus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 192, f. 523 (mf)

Improphantes geniculatus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes geniculatus Esyunin & Efimik, 1999: 230, f. 12-19 (mf)

Improphantes geniculatus Rozwałka & Łysiak, 2011: 132, f. 1a-e (m)

Improphantes holmi (Kronestedt, 1975) | | Sweden, Finland, Russia (Urals) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010899

Lepthyphantes holmi Kronestedt, 1975b: 162, f. 1-8 (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes holmi Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 192, f. 525 (mf)

Improphantes holmi Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 11F (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes huberti (Wunderlich, 1980) | | France (Corsica) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011178

Lepthyphantes huberti Wunderlich, 1980e: 327, f. 25-31 (Dmf) Original description

Improphantes huberti Tanasevitch, 2019e: 48 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes improbulus (Simon, 1929) | | Europe, Caucasus, Russia (West Siberia, Central Asia), Kazakhstan, China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010900

Lepthyphantes improbulus Simon, 1929: 608, 612, 731, f. 925 (Dmf) Original description

Lepthyphantes spelaeomoravicus Kratochvíl & Miller, 1940c: 62, f. 1-2 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060570]

Lepthyphantes beticus Denis, 1957b: 298, f. 21-23 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060564]

Lepthyphantes improbulus Dresco & Hubert, 1968: 489, f. 4-6 (f)

Lepthyphantes spelaeomoravicus Miller, 1971: 228, pl. XLIV, f. 13-14 (mf)

Lepthyphantes improbulus Moritz, 1972: 307, f. 1-12 (mf)

Lepthyphantes improbulus Miller & Svatoň, 1978: 15, pl. VII, f. 1-5 (mf, S of Lepthyphantes spelaeomoravicus)

Lepthyphantes improbulus Thaler, 1986c: 312, f. 1-3, 5-10, 13 (mf)

Lepthyphantes improbulus Tanasevitch, 1990: 22, f. 7.1-3 (mf)

Lepthyphantes improbulus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 196, f. 535 (mf)

Lepthyphantes improbulus Esyunin & Efimik, 1991: 140, f. 2, 4 (f)

Lepthyphantes montanouralensis Esyunin & Efimik, 1991: 141, f. 1, 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060568]

Improphantes improbulus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 11A (m, T from Lepthyphantes, S of Lepthyphantes beticus)

Improphantes montanouralensis Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes improbulus Esyunin & Efimik, 1999: 230, f. 10-11 (mf, S of Improphantes montanouralensis)

Improphantes improbulus Nae, 2010: 81, f. 2-3 (mf)

Improphantes improbulus Fomichev, 2020a: 432, f. 1-5 (f)

Improphantes mauensis (Caporiacco, 1949) | | Kenya urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010901

Lepthyphantes mauensis Caporiacco, 1949a: 356, f. 22a-b (Df) Original description

Lepthyphantes mauensis Bosmans, 1979: 88, f. 10a-k, 12c (f, Dm)

Improphantes mauensis Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes multidentatus (Wunderlich, 1987) | | Canary Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010902

Lepthyphantes multidentatus Wunderlich, 1987a: 159, f. 432-436 (Dmf) Original description

Improphantes multidentatus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes nitidus (Thorell, 1875) | | Europe urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010903

Linyphia nitida Thorell, 1875a: 84 (Dmf) Original description

Linyphia nitida Thorell, 1875c: 25 (Dmf)

Lepthyphantes angulipalpis Simon, 1884a: 280, f. 33-34 (m; misidentified per Wiehle, 1956: 213)

Lepthyphantes nitidus Simon, 1884a: 330

Lepthyphantes kochii Kulczyński, 1898: 86, pl. 2, f. 52-56 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060567]

Lepthyphantes nitidus Bösenberg, 1901: 88, pl. 7, f. 103 (mf)

Micryphantes albipes Bösenberg, 1902: 154, pl. 13, f. 206 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060562]

Lophomma albipes Reimoser, 1919: 65

Lepthyphantes kochi Wiehle, 1956: 213, f. 356a-e (mf)

Lepthyphantes kochi Czajka, 1963: 303, f. 1-4 (mf)

Lepthyphantes kochi Wiehle, 1963c: 259, f. 56-59 (mf)

Lepthyphantes kochi von Broen, 1966: 179, f. 3b, 4b (f)

Lepthyphantes kochi Roșca, 1968: 82, f. 12a-b (f)

Lepthyphantes kochi Miller, 1971: 226, pl. XLIV, f. 9-10 (mf)

Lepthyphantes nitidus Moritz, 1973: 177, f. 4-6 (m, S of Lepthyphantes kochi)

Lepthyphantes nitidus Wunderlich, 1973b: 422 (S of Lophomma albipes)

Lepthyphantes nitidus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 192, f. 524 (mf)

Improphantes nitidus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 11E (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes pamiricus (Tanasevitch, 1989) | | Tajikistan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010904

Lepthyphantes pamiricus Tanasevitch, 1989a: 106, f. 65-66 (Dm) Original description

Improphantes pamiricus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177 (T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes potanini (Tanasevitch, 1989) | | Kyrgyzstan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010905

Lepthyphantes potanini Tanasevitch, 1989a: 110, f. 72-74 (Dm) Original description

Improphantes potanini Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996b: 177, f. 11D (m, T from Lepthyphantes)

Improphantes turok Tanasevitch, 2011 | | Turkey, Cyprus urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043962

Improphantes turok Tanasevitch, 2011b: 69, f. 65-69 (Dm) Original description

Improphantes turok Bosmans et al., 2019b: 18, f. 9g-k, 10c-g (m, Df)

Improphantes turok Lecigne, 2021a: 20, f. 15a-g (mf)