Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.
Gen. Orodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02460

Transferred to other genera:

Orodrassus orites Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1940 -- see Parasyrisca

In synonymy:

Orodrassus continentalis (Keyserling, 1887, T from Syrisca) = Orodrassus coloradensis Emerton, 1877 (Chamberlin, 1922: 163)

Orodrassus durranti Chamberlin, 1936 = Orodrassus assimilis Banks, 1895 (Platnick & Shadab, 1975b: 36)

Orodrassus melius (Chamberlin, 1919, T from Drassodes) = Orodrassus coloradensis Emerton, 1877 (Chamberlin, 1922: 163)

Nomen dubium:

Orodrassus vastus (Banks, 1896e: 62, f, USA, originally in Drassus) -- Platnick & Shadab, 1975b: 32

Orodrassus assimilis (Banks, 1895) | | USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027664
Drassus assimilis Banks, 1895b: 420 (Dm) Original description
Orodrassus assimilis Chamberlin, 1922: 164
Orodrassus durranti Chamberlin, 1936b: 7, f. 22 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058247]
Orodrassus assimilis Platnick & Shadab, 1975b: 36, f. 87-94 (mf, S of Orodrassus durranti)
Orodrassus canadensis Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027665
Orodrassus canadensis Platnick & Shadab, 1975b: 37, f. 95-102 (Dmf) Original description
Orodrassus canadensis Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 208, f. 313-316 (mf)
Orodrassus canadensis Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 80, f. 703-705 (mf)
Orodrassus coloradensis (Emerton, 1877) | | Canada, USA urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027666
Drassus coloradensis Emerton, 1877: 528 (Dmf) Original description
Teminius continentalis Keyserling, 1887b: 423, pl. 6, f. 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058245]
Drassus coloradensis Emerton, 1894: 413, pl. 2, f. 7 (mf)
Syrisca continentalis Simon, 1897a: 129
Drassodes melius Chamberlin, 1919a: 246, pl. 16, f. 4-5 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058246]
Orodrassus coloradensis Chamberlin, 1922: 163 (S of Drassodes melius and Syrisca continentalis)
Orodrassus coloradensis Chamberlin, 1936b: 7, f. 23 (f)
Orodrassus coloradensis Platnick & Shadab, 1975b: 32, f. 75-84 (mf)
Orodrassus coloradensis Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 206, f. 309-312 (mf)
Orodrassus coloradensis Murphy, 2007: 58, f. 482-483 (mf)
Orodrassus coloradensis Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018a: 681, f. 4B (m)

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