Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892

Family |   ACCEPTED
N.B.: the names Gnaphosae and Gnaphosi were used firstly at tribe level by Banks, 1892d: 92, 94 and thus Banks, 1892 is the valid authorship and year for the family, not Pocock, 1898c: 219; for the family name Drassidae Sundevall, 1833 see Simon, 1893a: 340 and Bonnet, 1956: 1554. Family relimited by Platnick, 1990a: 35 and Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612; most genera listed by Brignoli, 1983c under Micariinae are treated here under Corinnidae and Phrurolithidae. Prodidomidae revalidated by Platnick, 1990a: 36 to include the former Prodidominae, Molycriinae and Anagraphidinae; Anagraphidinae transferred from Prodidomidae to Gnaphosidae by Platnick & Baehr, 2006: 5; Prodidomidae downgraded to subfamily of Gnaphosidae by Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 613 (synonyms: Molycriinae Simon, 1897 and Theuminae Simon, 1893), redefined by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 694 and elevated to familiy rank again by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 (without Molycriinae); Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 612 distinguish several well definded clades within Gnaphosidae (Gnaphosinae Banks, 1892, Zelotinae Platnick, 1990, Herpyllinae Platnick, 1990, Drassodinae Simon, 1893, Prodidominae Simon, 1884 and Leptodrassinae Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018) and state three monogeneric subfamilies, Anagraphidinae Simon, 1893 (type genus Anagraphis), Echeminae Simon, 1893 (type genus Echemus) and Micariinae Banks, 1892 (type genus Micaria), which do not perform a grouping function; Micaria Westring 1851, Nauhea Forster, 1979 and Verita Ramirez & Grismado, 2015 (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, and many genera are not assigned to a subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships (Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 614); the subfamily Molycriinae Simon, 1897 is re-established by Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020b: 682 (includes Cryptotoerithus, Molycria, Myandra, Nomindra, Wesmaldra and Wydundra); Lin & Li, 2020e: 313 described the new subfamily Solitudinae, with the single genus Solitudes Lin & Li, 2020; Micariidae is regarded as a separate family (sister to Cithaeronidae) by Breitling, 2021: 19, but without listing the genera, which should belong to it, and it is also not accepted because it is based mainly on COI, see FAQ 7; Ammoxenidae (Ammoxenus, Austrammo, Barrowammo, Rastellus) are synonymized with Gnaphosidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 520, f. 19.
Gen. Cladothela Kishida, 1928 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02411
N.B.: this genus was unknown outside of Japan until the publication of Yaginuma, 1986a: 193; evidently placed as the type genus of Cladothelidae by Kishida, 1930 (Lansania 2: 115-123) but correctly considered a gnaphosid by Yaginuma.

In synonymy:

Cladothela potanini (Schenkel, 1963, T from Phaeocedus) = Cladothela joannisi Schenkel, 1963 (Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 38)

Cladothela x-notata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, T from Drassyllus) = Cladothela unciinsignita Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Kamura, 1991: 55)

Cladothela auster Kamura, 1997 | | Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026830
Cladothela auster Kamura, 1997: 78, f. 1-4 (Dmf) Original description
Cladothela auster Kamura, 2009: 489, f. 81-83 (mf)
Cladothela bicolor Suzuki, 2022 | | Japan (Ryukyu Is.) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056011
Cladothela bicolor Suzuki in Suzuki & Tatsuta, 2022: 320, f. 1A-F, 2A-R, 3A-E (Dmf) Original description
Cladothela bistorta Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2002 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038046
Cladothela bistorta Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2002a: 243, f. 10-16 (Dm) Original description
Cladothela bistorta Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 37, f. 18A-G (m)
Cladothela boninensis Kishida, 1928 | | Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026831
Cladothela boninensis Kishida, 1928a: 32, f. 2 (Df) Original description
Cladothela boninensis Yaginuma, 1986a: 193, f. 108.3 (mf)
Cladothela boninensis Kamura, 1991: 50, f. 1-3, 8-20 (mf)
Cladothela boninensis Murphy, 2007: 46, f. 272-273 (mf)
Cladothela boninensis Kamura, 2009: 490, f. 84-87 (mf)
Cladothela hupingensis Yin, 2012 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046213
Cladothela hupingensis Yin in Yin et al., 2012: 1157, f. 615a-c (Df) Original description
Cladothela joannisi (Schenkel, 1963) | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:028261
Phaeocedus potanini Schenkel, 1963: 46, f. 22 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027722]
Zelotes joannisi Schenkel, 1963: 59, f. 31a-d (Dm) Original description
Phaeocedus potanini Zhu & Shi, 1985: 153, f. 136a-d (f; belongs to the genus Drassyllus per Zhu & Shi, 1985: 155)
Zelotes joannisi Zhu & Shi, 1985: 155, f. 139a-f (mf, m is misplaced)
Cladothela joannisi Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2002a: 241, f. 1-9 (mf, T from Zelotes)
Cladothela joannisi Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 38, f. 19A-I (mf, S of Phaeocedus potanini)
Cladothela ningmingensis Zhang, Yin & Bao, 2004 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038995
Cladothela ningmingensis Zhang, Yin & Bao, 2004: 83, f. 1-8 (Dm) Original description
Cladothela oculinotata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) | | China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026832
Drassodes oculinotatus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 119, pl. 16, f. 480 (Df) Original description
Drassodes oculinotatum Yaginuma, 1960: 120, f. 100.1 (f)
Drassodes oculinotatum Yaginuma, 1971: 120, f. 100.1 (f)
Drassodes oculinotatus Paik, 1978e: 414, f. 186 (f)
Drassodes oculinotatus Yaginuma, 1986a: 189, f. 105.3 (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Kamura, 1991: 51, f. 21-32 (Tmf from Drassodes)
Cladothela oculinotata Paik, 1992h: 36, f. 1-15 (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Namkung, 2002: 461, f. 37.2a-c (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Namkung, 2003: 464, f. 37.2a-c (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 40, f. 20A-E (m)
Cladothela oculinotata Jung et al., 2005: 167, f. 2-3, 5182, 101-102 (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Kamura, 2009: 489, f. 76-80 (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Kim & Lee, 2013: 85, f. 56A-C (mf)
Cladothela oculinotata Suzuki & Serita, 2021b: 242, f. 3 (m)
Cladothela parva Kamura, 1991 | | China, Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026833
Cladothela parva Kamura, 1991: 57, f. 37-43 (Dmf) Original description
Cladothela parva Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2002b: 17, f. 1-5 (m)
Cladothela parva Zhang, Yin & Bao, 2004: 83, f. 9-16 (mf)
Cladothela parva Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 42, f. 21A-F (mf)
Cladothela parva Seo, 2008b: 39, f. 1-4 (mf)
Cladothela parva Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 70-72 (mf)
Cladothela parva Yin et al., 2012: 1158, f. 616a-h (mf)
Cladothela parva Hidaka, 2023: 131, f. 5I-J (m)
Cladothela tortiembola Paik, 1992 | | Korea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026834
Cladothela tortiembola Paik, 1992h: 38, f. 16-24 (Dm) Original description
Cladothela tortiembola Jung et al., 2005: 168, f. 4, 103-104 (m)
Cladothela tortiembola Kim & Lee, 2013: 86, f. 57A-C (m)
Cladothela unciinsignita (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) | | Korea, Japan urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026835
Drassodes unci-insignitus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 120, pl. 16, f. 500 (Dm) Original description
Prosthesima x-notata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 122, pl. 16, f. 489 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:026834]
Drassodes unciinsignitus Yaginuma, 1986a: 190, f. 105.5 (m)
Zelotes x-notatus Yaginuma, 1986a: 192, f. 106.6 (m; Yaginuma's palpal illustrations indicate the species belongs to Drassyllus rather than Zelotes; cf. Kamura, 1987c: 78)
Drassyllus x-notatus Platnick, 1989b: 471 (T from Zelotes)
Cladothela unciinsignita Kamura, 1991: 55, f. 33-36 (mf, T from Drassodes, S of Drassyllus x-notatus)
Cladothela unciinsignita Seo, 2008b: 42, f. 5-8 (mf)
Cladothela unciinsignita Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 73-75 (mf)
Cladothela unmunensis Seo, 2017 | | Korea urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049560
Cladothela unmunensis Seo, 2017c: 191, f. 1A-F (Df) Original description

Sponsors