World Spider Catalog

Bemmeridae Simon, 1903

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: described as a tribe (Bemmereae) by Simon, 1903a: 894, elevated to a subfamily (Bemmerinae) of Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 90 and elevated to family level by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; the family is not monophyletic per Kulkarni, Wood & Hormiga, 2023: 487, f. 5.

In synonymy:

Bemmeris Simon, 1903 = Spiroctenus Simon, 1889 (Raven, 1985a: 92)

Bessia Pocock, 1900 = Spiroctenus Simon, 1889 (Raven, 1985a: 92)

Ctenonemus Simon, 1903 = Spiroctenus Simon, 1889 (Raven, 1985a: 92)

Hermachastes Pocock, 1900 = Spiroctenus Simon, 1889 (Simon, 1903a: 906)

Paromostola Purcell, 1903 = Homostola Simon, 1892 (Raven, 1985a: 127)

Stictogaster Purcell, 1902 = Homostola Simon, 1892 (Raven, 1985a: 127)

Gen. Atmetochilus Simon, 1887 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00106

N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae (Bemmerinae) by Raven, 1985a: 91; left in the Nemesiidae (incertae sedis) by Opatova et al., 2020: 700; belonging to the Bemmerinae confirmed by Kunsete et al., 2020: 523, thus transferred here to the Bemmeridae; still listed in the Nemesiidae (incertae sedis) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 15 without considering Kunsete et al., 2020.

Atmetochilus atriceps Pocock, 1900 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001085

Atmetochilus atriceps Pocock, 1900a: 169 (Df) Original description

Atmetochilus atriceps Raven, 1985a: 91, f. 56-59

Atmetochilus atriceps Kunsete et al., 2020: 534, f. 1D-E, 7A-D, 8A-D, 9J-L, 10E-F, 11B (f)

Atmetochilus fossor Simon, 1887 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001086

Atmetochilus fossor Simon, 1887i: 109 (Df) Original description

Atmetochilus fossor Simon, 1892a: 109, f. 73

Atmetochilus fossor Kunsete et al., 2020: 531, f. 1C, 6A-D, 9G-I, 10C-D, 11A (f)

Atmetochilus koponeni Zonstein & Marusik, 2016 | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048932

Atmetochilus koponeni Zonstein & Marusik, 2016b: 3, f. 2a-b, 3a-b, 4a-b, 5a-b, 6a-b, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a-b (Dmf) Original description

Atmetochilus lehtineni Zonstein & Marusik, 2016 | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048933

Atmetochilus lehtineni Zonstein & Marusik, 2016b: 7, f. 2c-e, 3c-d, 4c-d, 5c-d, 6c-e, 7b-c, 8b-c, 9b-c, 10b-c, 11b-c, 12c-d (Dmf) Original description

Atmetochilus songsangchotei Kunsete & Warrit, 2020 | | Thailand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:052130

Atmetochilus songsangchotei Kunsete & Warrit in Kunsete et al., 2020: 524, f. 1A-B, 3A-D, 4A-H, 5A-D, 9A-F, 10A-B, 11C (Dmf) Original description

Atmetochilus songsangchotei Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023: 501, f. 14F (m sternum)

Atmetochilus sumatranus Zonstein & Marusik, 2016 | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048934

Atmetochilus sumatranus Zonstein & Marusik, 2016b: 12, f. 2f, 3e, 4f, 5e, 6f-g, 7d, 8d, 9e, 10d, 11d-e (Dm) Original description

Gen. Damarchus Thorell, 1891 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00112

N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae (Bemmerinae) by Raven, 1985a: 90; left in the Nemesiidae (incertae sedis) by Opatova et al., 2020: 700; belonging to the Bemmerinae confirmed by Kunsete et al., 2020: 523, thus transferred here to the Bemmeridae; still listed in the Nemesiidae (incertae sedis) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 15 without considering Kunsete et al., 2020.

Transferred to other genera:

Damarchus bifidus (Gravely, 1935) -- see Atmetochilus

Damarchus excavatus Gravely, 1921 -- see Gravelyia

In synonymy:

Damarchus batuensis (Roewer, 1962, T from Latouchia) = Damarchus cavernicola Abraham, 1924 (Zonstein & Marusik, 2014: 274)

Damarchus assamensis Hirst, 1909 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001110

Damarchus assamensis Hirst, 1909: 384, pl. 24, f. 7-8 (Dm) Original description

Damarchus assamensis Zonstein & Marusik, 2014: 274, f. 23-24 (m)

Damarchus bifidus Gravely, 1935 | | India urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001111

Damarchus bifidus Gravely, 1935a: 70, f. 1a (Dm) Original description

Atmetochilus bifidus Zonstein & Marusik, 2014: 278, f. 25 (m, T from Damarchus)

Damarchus bifidus Kunsete et al., 2020: 523, f. 1F (m sternum, T from Atmetochilus)

Damarchus cavernicola Abraham, 1924 | | Malaysia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001112

Damarchus cavernicolus Abraham, 1924: 1095, pl. 1, f. 5-7 (Df) Original description

Damarchus cavernicola Bonnet, 1956: 1374

Latouchia batuensis Roewer, 1962d: 517, f. 1a-c (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000546]

Damarchus cavernicola Zonstein & Marusik, 2014: 274, f. 1-17 (mf, S of Latouchia batuensis)

Damarchus dao Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023 | | Thailand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058987

Damarchus dao Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023: 496, f. 5D, 11A-M, 12A-H, 13A-D (Dmf) Original description

Damarchus lanna Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023 | | Thailand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058986

Damarchus lanna Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023: 489, f. 5C, 7A-R, 8A-D, 9A-H, 10A-H (Dmf) Original description

Damarchus montanus (Thorell, 1890) | | Indonesia (Sumatra) urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001114

Cyrtauchenius montanus Thorell, 1890a: 406 (Df) Original description

Damarchus montanus Simon, 1892a: 107

Damarchus oatesi Thorell, 1895 | | Myanmar urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001115

Damarchus oatesii Thorell, 1895b: 2 (Dmf) Original description

Damarchus pylorus Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023 | | Thailand urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058985

Damarchus pylorus Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2023: 482, f. 1A-L, 2A-F, 3A-P, 4A-G, 5A-B (Dmf) Original description

Damarchus workmani Thorell, 1891 | | Singapore urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001116

Damarchus workmanii Thorell, 1891: 15 (Df) Original description

Damarchus workmani Simon, 1892a: 108, f. 106

Damarchus workmani Workman, 1896: 81, pl. 81 (f)

Damarchus workmani Abraham, 1924: 1092, pl. 1, f. 1-4 (Dm)

Damarchus workmani Raven, 1985a: 90, f. 50-55 (f)

Damarchus workmanni Zonstein & Marusik, 2014: 274, f. 18-21 (m, lapsus)

Gen. Homostola Simon, 1892 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00058

N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Cyrtaucheniidae by Raven, 1985a: 127 and to the Bemmeridae by Opatova et al., 2020: 700, 701; considered a senior synonym of Stictogaster Purcell, 1902b: 361 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05039] (type S. reticulatus Purcell, 1902) and Paromostola Purcell, 1903b: 93 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05038] (type P. abernethyi Purcell, 1903) by Raven, 1985a: 127.

Homostola abernethyi (Purcell, 1903) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000505

Paromostola abernethyi Purcell, 1903b: 94 (Df) Original description

Homostola pardalina (Hewitt, 1913) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000506

Paromostola pardalina Hewitt, 1913b: 424 (Df) Original description

Homostola reticulata (Purcell, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000507

Stictogaster reticulatus Purcell, 1902b: 362 (Df) Original description

Stictogaster reticulatus Tucker, 1917: 132, f. 13D (f)

Homostola vulpecula Simon, 1892 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000508

Homostola vulpecula Simon, 1892d: 271 (Df) Original description

Homostola vulpecula Raven, 1985a: 127, f. 185-190 (f)

Homostola zebrina Purcell, 1902 | | South Africa, Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000509

Homostola zebrina Purcell, 1902b: 359 (Df) Original description

Homostola zebrina Hewitt, 1915d: 130 (Dm)

Homostola zebrina Hewitt, 1916b: 202, f. 7 (m)

Homostola zebrina Tucker, 1917: 97, 132, 136, f. 13A (f)

Homostola zebrina Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 10, 7 f. (m)

Gen. Spiroctenus Simon, 1889 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00135

N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 92 and to the Bemmeridae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; considered a senior synonym of Hermachastes Pocock, 1900e: 319 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05040] (type H. collinus Pocock, 1900) by Simon, 1903a: 906; considered a senior synonym of Bessia Pocock, 1900e: 320 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05036] (type B. fossoria Pocock, 1900), Bemmeris Simon, 1903k: 42 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05035] (type B. pardalina Simon, 1903) and Ctenonemus Simon, 1903k: 42 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05037] (type C. pectiniger Simon, 1903) by Raven, 1985a: 92.

Nomen dubium:

Spiroctenus lusitanus Franganillo, 1920: 141 (f, Portugal) -- Breitling et al., 2016b: 55, as Mygalomorphae incertae sedis

Spiroctenus armatus Hewitt, 1913 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001278

Spiroctenus armatus Hewitt, 1913c: 467 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus broomi Tucker, 1917 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001279

Spiroctenus broomi Tucker, 1917: 101 (Df) Original description

Spiroctenus cambierae (Purcell, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001280

Hermachastes cambierae Purcell, 1902b: 369 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus cambierae Simon, 1903a: 907

Spiroctenus cambierae Tucker, 1917: 98, pl. 9, f. 3 (m, Df)

Spiroctenus cambierae Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 14, 9 f. (m)

Spiroctenus coeruleus Lawrence, 1952 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001281

Spiroctenus coeruleus Lawrence, 1952a: 184, f. 1, 3 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus collinus (Pocock, 1900) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001282

Hermachastes collinus Pocock, 1900e: 319 (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus collinus Simon, 1903a: 907

Spiroctenus collinus Tucker, 1917: 99, pl. 9, f. 4 (mf)

Spiroctenus collinus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 16, 3 f. (m)

Spiroctenus curvipes Hewitt, 1919 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001283

Spiroctenus curvipes Hewitt, 1919b: 88, f. 8a-c, pl. 3, f. d-e (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus exilis Lawrence, 1938 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001284

Spiroctenus exilis Lawrence, 1938a: 458, f. 1 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus exilis Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 18, 2 f. (m)

Spiroctenus flavopunctatus (Purcell, 1903) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001285

Hermachastes flavopunctatus Purcell, 1903b: 97 (Df) Original description

Spiroctenus fossorius (Pocock, 1900) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001286

Bessia fossoria Pocock, 1900e: 320 (Df) Original description

Bessia fossorix Bonnet, 1955: 881 (invalid emendation)

Spiroctenus fossorina Raven, 1985a: 92, f. 69-72

Spiroctenus fuligineus (Pocock, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001287

Hermachastes fuligineus Pocock, 1902a: 14 (Df) Original description

Spiroctenus fuliginosus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 21 (lapsus)

Spiroctenus gooldi (Purcell, 1903) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001288

Hermachastes gooldi Purcell, 1903b: 95 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus gooldi Tucker, 1917: 104

Spiroctenus inermis (Purcell, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001289

Hermachastes inermis Purcell, 1902b: 370 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus inermis Simon, 1903a: 907

Spiroctenus latus Purcell, 1904 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001290

Spiroctenus latus Purcell, 1904: 125 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus lightfooti (Purcell, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001291

Hermachastes lightfooti Purcell, 1902b: 363 (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus lightfooti Simon, 1903a: 907

Spiroctenus lignicola Lawrence, 1937 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001292

Spiroctenus lignicolus Lawrence, 1937: 216 (Df; the ending of the species epithet is corrected to -icola, which is considered an adjective of common gender, with identical form for male and female, in accordance with classical Latin usage) Original description

Spiroctenus londinensis Hewitt, 1919 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001293

Spiroctenus londinensis Hewitt, 1919b: 86, 107, f. 7a-b (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus marleyi Hewitt, 1919 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001295

Spiroctenus marleyi Hewitt, 1919b: 83, f. 5 (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus marleyi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 28, 1 f. (m)

Spiroctenus minor (Hewitt, 1913) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001296

Bessia minor Hewitt, 1913c: 469, f. 5 (Df) Original description

Bessia minor Hewitt, 1915c: 302, f. 4 (Dm)

Spiroctenus pallidipes Purcell, 1904 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001297

Spiroctenus pallidipes Purcell, 1904: 121 (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus pardalina (Simon, 1903) | j | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001298

Bemmeris pardalina Simon, 1903k: 42 (Df) Original description

Bemmeris pardalina Purcell, 1904: 121 (considered a juvenile of H. collinus)

Bemmeris pardaliana Roewer, 1942a: 164 (lapsus)

Spiroctenus pectiniger (Simon, 1903) | j | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001299

Ctenonemus pectiniger Simon, 1903k: 42 (Df) Original description

Ctenonemus pectiniger Purcell, 1904: 121 (considered a juvenile)

Spiroctenus personatus Simon, 1889 | | Mozambique urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001300

Spiroctenus personatus Simon, 1889h: 409 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus personatus Raven, 1985a: 92, f. 60-68 (m)

Spiroctenus pilosus Tucker, 1917 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001301

Spiroctenus pilosus Tucker, 1917: 102 (Df) Original description

Spiroctenus punctatus Hewitt, 1916 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001302

Spiroctenus punctatus Hewitt, 1916a: 222 (Df) Original description

Spiroctenus purcelli Tucker, 1917 | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001303

Spiroctenus purcelli Tucker, 1917: 105, pl. 9, f. 6 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus purcelli Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 35, 3 f. (m)

Spiroctenus sagittarius (Purcell, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001304

Hermachastes sagittarius Purcell, 1902b: 365 (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus sagittarius Simon, 1903a: 907

Spiroctenus schreineri (Purcell, 1903) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001305

Hermachastes schreineri Purcell, 1903b: 96 (Df) Original description

Spiroctenus schreineri Tucker, 1917: 132, f. 13C (f)

Spiroctenus spinipalpis Hewitt, 1919 | | Eswatini urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001306

Spiroctenus spinipalpis Hewitt, 1919b: 84, f. 6a-b, pl. 3, f. b (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus tricalcaratus (Purcell, 1903) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001307

Hermachastes tricalcaratus Purcell, 1903b: 94 (Dm) Original description

Spiroctenus validus (Purcell, 1902) | | South Africa urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001308

Hermachastes validus Purcell, 1902b: 367 (Dmf) Original description

Spiroctenus validus Simon, 1903a: 907

Spiroctenus validus Tucker, 1917: 103, 132, f. 13B, pl. 9, f. 5 (mf)

Spiroctenus validus Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021F: 39, 4 f. (m)